双通道可重构14 bit 125 MS/s流水线ADC

提出了一种双通道可重构14 bit 125 MS/s流水线模数转换器(ADC).该双通道14 bit ADC可工作在并行双通道14 bit 125 MS/s、时间交织14 bit 250 MS/s以及求和15 bit 125 MS/s三种模式.为抑制通道间失配误差的影响,提出一种数模混合前台校准技术.为减少ADC输出端口数目,数据输出由高速串行数据发送器驱动,并且其工作模式有1.75,2,3.5 Gbit/s三种.该ADC电路采用0.18μm 1P5M 1.8 V CMOS工艺实现,测试结果表明,对于相同的10.1 MHz的输入信号,该ADC电路在14 bit 125 MS/s模式下的SNR和SFDR分别为72.5 dBFS和83.1dB,在14 bit 250 MS/s模式下的SNR和SFDR分别为71.3 dBFS和77.6 dB,在15 bit 125 MS/s模式下的SNR和SFDR分别为75.3 dBFS和87.4 dB.芯片总体功耗为461 mW,单通道ADC内核功耗为210 mW,面积为1.3×4 mm~2.     

一种低电压无采样保持运放14 bit,100 MS/s流水线型模数转换器的65 nm CMOS工艺实现

设计了一款低电压实现的14bit,100MS/s流水线型模数转换器(Pipelined ADC),该ADC前端采用无采样保持运放结构来降低功耗和减小噪声,减少了第一级采样网络孔径误差和非线性电荷注入的影响.通过选取合适的输入采样电容容值解决了kT/C噪声和电容不匹配的问题,并设计了符合系统要求的低电压高速高增益运放.该模数转换器同时也包含了带隙基准、分布时钟产生电路、参考电压和共模电压缓冲器等电路模块.芯片采用TSMC 65nm GP 1P9M CMOS工艺实现,面积为3.2 mm2(包含PAD).测试结果表明,当采样率为20MS/s,输入信号频率为1.869MHz时,信噪比(SNR)为66.40dB,信噪失真比(SNDR)为65.21dB,无杂散动态范围(SFDR)为73.44dB,有效位数(ENOB)为10.54bit.电源电压为1.2 V,整个模数转换器的总功耗为260mW.     

用于流水线ADC的无采样保持运放前端电路

为了降低流水线模数转换器功耗与提升输入信号范围，设计了一种无采样保持运放前端电路. 移除采样保持运放降低了功耗，并改进开关时序进一步降低电路功耗；同时改进传统开关电容比较器输入，使得模数转换器可达到0 ~ 3.3 V满电源电压的量化范围. 将设计的无采样保持运放前端电路应用在一款低功耗12位50 MS/s流水线模数转换器进行验证，采用0.18 μm 1P6M工艺进行流片，芯片面积为1.95 mm2. 测试结果表明：3.3 V电压下，采样率为50 MS/s、输入信号频率为5.03 MHz时，信噪失真比（SNDR）为64.67 dB，无杂散动态范围（SFDR）为72.9 dB，功耗为65 mW.     

一种基于伪随机动态补偿的12位250 MS/s流水线ADC

提出了一种基于伪随机补偿技术的流水线模数转换器(ADC)子级电路.该子级电路能够对比较器失调和电容失配误差进行实时动态补偿.误差补偿采用伪随机序列控制比较器阵列中参考比较电压的方式实现.比较器的高低位被随机分配,以消除各比较器固有失调对量化精度的影响,同时子ADC输出的温度计码具有伪随机特性,可进一步消除MDAC电容失配误差对余量输出的影响.基于该子级电路设计了一种12位250 MS/s流水线ADC,电路采用0.18μm 1P5M1.8 V CMOS工艺实现,面积为2.5 mm2.测试结果表明,该ADC在全速采样条件下对20 MHz输入信号的信噪比(SNR)为69.92 dB,无杂散动态范围(SFDR)为81.17 dB,积分非线性误差(INL)为-0.4~+0.65 LSB,微分非线性误差(DNL)为-0.2~+0.15 LSB,功耗为320 mW.     

一种高性能全差分运算放大器的设计

设计了一种具有高增益、大带宽的全差分折叠式共源共栅增益自举运算放大电路,适用于高速高精度流水线模数转换器余量增益电路(MDAC)的应用,增益自举运算放大器的主放大器和子放大器均采用折叠式共源共栅差分结构,并且主放大器采用开关电容共模反馈来稳定输出电压,该放大器工作在5.0V电源电压下,单端负载为2pF,采用华润上华(CSMC)0.5μm 5VCMOS工艺对电路进行仿真测试,结果显示该运放的直流增益可达到126.3dB,单位增益带宽为316MHz。精度为0.01%时的建立时间为4.3ns。     

一种极低功耗运算放大器的设计与仿真

为了满足低电压低功耗的应用需求,本文利用MOSFET在亚阈区的超低功耗特性,实现了一种带共模反馈的亚阈运算放大器.该亚阈运算放大器结构简单,采用TSMC 0.18μm工艺实现,且工作于1.2 V电源电压下.通过Synopsys Hspice仿真,结果表明,该电路在输出负载为0.5pF时直流增益为70.97 dB、单位增益带宽6.346 MHz、相位裕度85.76°、正负压摆率分别为3.58V/μs和-3.58 V/μs,功耗仅为4.80μW.     

前馈型轨到轨恒跨导恒增益CMOS运算放大器

设计了一种恒跨导恒增益的轨到轨运算放大器.输入级采用一倍电流镜控制的互补差分对结构,实现轨到轨和恒跨导.通过分析运算放大器电压增益随共模电压变化的原因,提出了一种前馈型恒增益控制模块,可以根据共模电压开启或关闭附加电流源,使运算放大器电压增益保持恒定.输出级采用前馈型AB类输出结构,以达到轨到轨输出效果.采用Chartered公司0.35μm工艺进行流片,仿真及测试结果表明:该运算放大器的直流开环增益为125dB,单位增益带宽为8.879MHz,在整个共模范围内电压增益最大变化率为1.69%.     

基于0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺的带宽为2 GHz的高精度可变增益放大器

设计了一个高精度可变增益放大器,采用0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺进行前仿真和后仿真.运用电流反馈型闭环运算放大器获得了高精度的固定电压增益,输出级中加入了共模反馈电路,使得输出共模电压可以由外部控制电压在0.8~1.3 V之间进行调节.另外,先进的补偿网络可以对工艺偏差进行校准,使其带宽达到2 GHz;为了实现增益可调,采用了无源R-xR网络实现步长为2 dB的精确衰减,最终使得增益在数字信号控制下以2 dB步长在-0.93~39.19 dB范围内可调.整个系统结构简单,增益控制方便.     

一个采用新颖的混合电容切换模式的SAR ADC设计

提出一种应用于逐次逼近型模数转换器的混合电容切换模式。该模式包含两个幅度相同但单调性相反的开关电容阵列, 无需任何额外的稳压电源和电容补偿阵列, 通过差分电压自身的互相补偿, 实现共模电压的稳定。利用上述技术, 基于0.18 μm的CMOS工艺实现一个转换速率为50 MS/s, 分辨率为10-bit的SAR ADC。设计过程中采用开窗逻辑, 减小了比较器输出信号到DAC 控制信号的传输时间; 采用包含自适应延时逻辑的比较环路, 缩短了SAR ADC低位比特的转换时间。测试结果表明, 所设计的SAR ADC在50 MS/s 的转换速率下, 可以实现57.31 dB的SNDR, 1.81 LSB的INL以及0.98 LSB的DNL。     

一种基于电平位移电路的低电压全摆幅CMOS运放

为解决阈值电压对电源电压和输入信号的受限问题,提出一种实用的电平位移电路,为运放的输入级提供良好的电平位移。采用互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)0.5μm工艺设计的低电压全摆幅CMOS运算放大器,中间级采用适合低电压工作的低压宽摆幅共源共栅结构,输出级采用传统的Class A类得到轨至轨的输出。采用Hspice软件对所设计的电路进行仿真。研究结果表明:当电源电压降至或者小于NMOS与PMOS的阈值电压之和时,在任何共模输入电压下,该运放都能正常工作,实现输入级的全摆幅和恒跨导;在1.3 V单电源供电情形下直流开环增益达106.5 dB,单位增益带宽为2.3 MHz,功耗178.8μW。电路结构简单紧凑,具有实用的电平位移功能,适合于低电压应用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the