顶叶损伤、视觉忽视与注意的认知神经科学

注意的认知与神经机制是当前认知神经科学的一个中心课题，顶叶损伤可导致视觉忽视，对视觉忽视进行认知神经心理学角度的系统研究，不仅能为检验认知心理学有关注意的一般理论提供证据，从而限制这些理论，而且有助于揭示视觉注意的神经机制。     

Self-assembly of two-dimensional DNA crystals

Self-assembly of synthetic oligonucleotides into two-dimensional lattices presents a 慴ottom-up?approach to the fabrication of devices on nanometer scale. We report the design and observation of two-dimensional crystalline forms of DNAs that are composed of twenty-one plane oligonucleo-tides and one phosphate-modified oligonucleotide. These synthetic sequences are designed to self-assemble into four double-crossover (DX) DNA tiles. The 憇ticky ends?of these tiles that associate according to WatsonCrick抯 base pairing are programmed to build up specific periodic patterns upto tens of microns. The patterned crystals are visualized by the transmission electron microscopy.     

翻译主体的认知体验与语义选择

认知语义学主要研究人类的概念系统、意义和推理,以体验哲学为基础的认知语义观认为语言具有体验性。翻译不仅是一种语际交际活动,更是译者积极的思维认知活动,必然和人们的认知分不开,因此,文学翻译中主体的认知体验对语义的选择至关重要。     

Construction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-ary pseudorandom elliptic curve sequences

We present a method for constructing k-ary sequences over elliptic curves.Using the multiplicative character of order k of finite fields,we construct a family of k-ary pseudorandom elliptic curve sequences.The pseudorandom measures,such as the well-distribution measure,the correlation measure of order ■,and the linear complexity are estimated by using certain character sums.Such sequences share the same order of magnitude on the well-distribution measure,the correlation measure of order ■ as the ’truly’ random sequences.The method indicates that it is possible to construct ’good’ pseudorandom sequences over elliptic curves widely used in public key cryptography.     

认识能力、认识、认识的本质

认识能力是人从事认识活动所具备的本领,它具有多种形式,是自然性和社会性的统一。认识过程是人的认识能力发挥其作用的过程,认识活动与认识能力有着不可分割的内在联系。认识的本质是认识本身所具有的根本性质,也是认识能力在其发挥过程中所形成的特有性质。     

Experimental validation of inter-subspecific genetic diversity in rice represented by the differences between the DNA sequences of ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇

The pedigrees of three sequenced rice cultivars were analyzed to show that a majority of the genetic composition of ＇Nipponbare＇ originates from japonica cultivars while the minority originates from indica cultivars. In contrast, ＇93-11＇ is derived mainly from indica cultivars with a smaller contribution from japonica cultivars. All ancestors of ＇Guang lu ai 4＇ appeared to be indica lines. A set of molecular markers （46 InDels and 53 SSRs） polymorphic between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ were examined in 46 typical indica and 47 typical japonica cultivars selected from 443 accessions according to Cheng＇s index. All cultivars were divided into indica and japonica groups without overlapping when clustered by Cheng＇s index, InDels and SSRs. Much higher InDel and SSR diversity between groups than within groups implies that the marker polymorphisms between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ represent a large proportion of inter-subspecific diversity. About 85% of indica cultivars and more than 90% of japonica cultivars were confirmed to have the same PCR banding patterns as ＇93-11＇ and ＇Nipponbare＇, respectively. Some polymorphic loci between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ cannot be validated in other indica and japonica cultivars, either as subspecies-specific but not predominant alleles, or alleles not specific between the two groups. It was concluded that molecular markers developed from sequence polymorphism between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ often represent inter-subspecific diversity, although some exceptions were sensitive to either particular marker loci or particular cultivars.     

互助担保:连带责任、互助保证金与成员努力程度

构建了针对现行互助担保模式的简单模型，分析了在互助担保中连带责任以及互助保证金对成员企业努力程度的影响.为了进一步激励成员企业的努力程度，提出增加监督惩罚机制和次序担保贷款机制，并通过建立动态激励模型验证了这些机制的有效性.研究结果如下:在现行的互助担保机制下，连带责任越大成员企业努力程度越低，且保证金越多成员企业努力程度越低，而引入监督惩罚机制以及次序贷款机制能够一定程度避免成员企业低努力程度行为的发生.     

基于统计信息与多队列的CR动态频谱分配

现有动态频谱分配方法主要着眼于频谱分配的无冲突性、以及频谱利用率最大化等方面,没有充分考虑动态频谱的统计信息、用户不同业务需要不同带宽以及实时性-非实时需要等问题。为此,提出一种基于统计信息与多队列的CR动态频谱分配,并将一般独占分配方法与频谱池共享方法进行比较。仿真结果表明,在集中控制的情况下,频谱池共享能保证较好的分配公平性、频谱切换性和提供较高的系统吞吐性。     

认知语法理论在外语教学中的运用

认知语法认为语言与人类其他方面的认知能力不可分离,认知语法知识是人类思维在语言层面上的体现。认知语法理论运用到外语教学中,能够使学生了解语言现象背后的理据,从而达到自然的掌握语法知识。     

异位化学淋洗修复石油类污染土壤

对异位化学淋洗修复石油类污染土壤的新技术做了较为全面的概述,介绍了异位化学淋洗的工艺特性,着重评述了异位化学淋洗的作用机理、淋洗试剂选配和影响因素,指出了异位化学淋洗修复石油类污染土壤时存在的问题和技术难点,并对其研究和应用前景做了展望。     

语义演变认知动因探析

认知语言学家认为概念隐喻和概念转喻是语义演变背后的认知机制。喻体的特征是多层次、多侧面、系统的,喻体潜在特征随着人们的认知深化得以显现,引发跨域意义转移。概念转喻机制及其突显原则对大部分词义的发展做出合理解释。大多数词义变化是由隐喻和转喻共同作用的结果。隐喻和转喻是基本的认知方式,在概念结构方面起了重要作用,是互补分布的。     

企业经济责任审计结果的利用

随着我国社会主义审计实践的发展和现代企业制度的建立和完善，企业经济责任审计有了长足的进步和发展，在提高干部监管质量、加强廉政建设等方面起到了积极的作用。但在实际工作中，经济责任审计结果的利用却不尽如人意。文章就经济责任审计结果利用方面存在的问题、审计结果的重要性及转化和利用等方面进行分析。     

英汉空间维度词“深”的认知隐喻对比研究

认知语言学认为隐喻是人类基本的认知活动,而空间隐喻在人类的认知活动中扮演着重要的角色,许多抽象概念都必须通过空间隐喻来构建。结合大量的语料,从认知语言学的角度系统地对比分析了空间维度词＂深＂在英汉两种语言中的隐喻投射。结果发现：英汉两种语言中＂深＂的隐喻投射主要集中在时间域、颜色域、社会地位域和程度域。     

认知潜意识:潜意识研究的新动向

认知潜意识是根据认知的信息加工理论提出来的,它包括所有不能觉知的认知过程。认知心理学家进行了许多实验研究,用以证实认知潜意识的存在及其在个体心理机能中的重要影响。认知潜意识的提出,扩大了潜意识的研究领域,为我们提供了认识潜意识现象的新视野。认知潜意识的研究以实验为取向,有助于我们更为客观地认识潜意识现象。     

美国政要演讲中古诗文英译的连贯构建

主要分析美国政要演讲中古诗文英译是如何实现语篇连贯的.首先从语篇的衔接手段来论述连贯性的构建,然后进一步研究说明语篇所提供的信息,通过激活交际主体的认知,即ICM和背景知识,从而实现了语篇连贯的生成和理解.     

Exsolution microstructures in ultrahigh-pressure rocks: Progress, controversies and challenges

Exsolution microstructures in minerals of rocks from orogenic belts played an important role in recognition of ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） metamorphism in their host rocks by defining the subduction depth and improving our understanding of the dynamics during the subduction and exhumation of UHP rocks. However, it is a challenging scientific topic to distinguish the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and decipher their geological implications. This paper describes the subtle differences between the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ and the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and summarizes the progress in studies of exolution microstructures from UHP rocks and mantle rocks of ultra-deep origin. We emphasize distinguishing the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ based on their geometric topotaxy and chemistry. In order to decipher correctly the exsolution microstructures, it is crucial to understand the changes of chemistry and habits of host minerals with pressure and temperature, Therefore, it is important to combine observations of exsolution microstructure in natural rocks with experimental results at high pressure and temperature and results of micro-scale analyses. Such studies will improve our understanding of the UHP metamorphism and cast new lights on solid geoscience issues such as deep subduction of continental crusts and crust-mantle interactions.     

机动车第三者责任保险理赔次数分布模型研究

机动车第三者责任保险在我国已经开办多年,而基于现有数据的损失分析一直都是我国精算研究的主要内容.对理赔次数分布的适用模型进行了分析,引入了带有随机效应的零膨胀泊松混合模型,并结合计算实例进行说明.     

Preliminary results of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> mapping using Imaging Interferometer data from Chang’E-1

The distribution of titanium abundance on the lunar surface is important knowledge for lunar geologic studies and future resource utilization.In this paper,we develop a preliminary model based on"ground truths"from Apollo and Luna sample-return sites to produce a titanium abundance map from Chang’E-1 Imaging Interferometer(IIM) images.The derived TiO2 abundances are validated with Clementine UVVIS results in several regions,including lunar highlands neighboring the Apollo 16 landing site,and high-Ti and low-Ti maria near the standard site of Mare Serenitatis(MS2) .The validation results show that TiO2 abundances modeled with Chang’E-1 IIM data are overestimated for highlands(～0.7 wt.%) and low-Ti maria(～1.5 wt.%) and underestimated for high-Ti maria(～0.8 wt.%).     

英汉时间的空间隐喻表征研究

隐喻是人们借助具体形象概念来理解抽象概念的一种思维方式和手段。认知语言学认为隐喻是人类基本的认知活动,而空间隐喻在人类的认知活动中扮演着重要的角色,许多抽象概念都必须通过空间隐喻来构建。以隐喻的相关理论为指导,从时间的横向坐标运动和纵向坐标运动方面对英汉语言中隐喻概念加以比较,分析了异同产生的原因,揭示了英汉时间隐喻概念所蕴含的文化意义,有助于认识自身文化,学习西方文化。