一类基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法的神经PID控制研究

传统的比例积分控制器具有一定的局限性,尤其是当被控对象会有非线性、不确定性和时变特性,常规的PID控制器往往难以发挥作用,甚至会失稳.利用神经网络进行复杂过程的PID控制可以很好地解决上述问题.Lvenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法是梯度下降法与高斯-牛顿法的结合.就训练次数与精度而言,它明显优于共轭梯度法及变学习率的BP算法,适用于PID控制.得到了在线自适应神经网络PID控制算法,该算法改善了传统BP算法,实现了现有PID控制器控制方法.     

一类基于Levenberg—Marquardt算法的神经PID控制研究

传统的比例积分控制器具有一定的局限性,尤其是当被控对象会有非线性、不确定性和时变特性,常规的PID控制器往往难以发挥作用,甚至会失稳．利用神经网络进行复杂过程的PID控制可以很好地解决上述问题．Levenberg—Marquadt（LM）算法是梯度下降法与高斯一牛顿法的结合,就训练次数与精度而言,它明显优于共轭梯度法及变学习率的BP算法,适用于PID控制．得到了在线自适应神经网络PID控制算法,该算法改善了传统BP算法,实现了现有PID控制器控制方法．     

基于梯度监督学习的理论与应用(Ⅰ)——基本算法

讨论了一类基于梯度的监督训练算法及其用于神经网络的参数优化。文中详细讨论了ＬＭ算法，它是梯度下降法与高斯牛顿法的结合，既有高斯牛顿法的局部收敛性，又有梯度下降法的全局特性。μ很大时，ＬＭ算法近似于梯度下降法；μ为零时，则是高斯牛顿法。由于利用了近似的二阶导数信息，ＬＭ算法比梯度法快得多。就训练次数及准确度而言，ＬＭ算法明显优于共轭梯度法和变学习率的ＢＰ算法。由于主矩阵的正定性，解总是存在的，从这种意义上说，ＬＭ算法优于高斯牛顿法     

发电机励磁与汽门系统的改进神经网络逆控制方法

为提高发电机励磁汽门系统机端电压和转速的控制性能,提出了基于在线学习和扩张状态观测器(ESO)的改进神经网络逆控制方法.首先,将神经网络逆与被控励磁汽门系统组成的复合伪线性系统等效为含有扰动的线性系统.然后,基于自抗扰控制方法,设计了用于在线估计复合伪线性系统状态和扰动的ESO,并在设计的伪控制量中对扰动进行补偿,利用线性系统理论证明了ESO的收敛性和闭环系统的稳定性;同时,在离线训练的基础上设计了基于在线梯度方法的神经网络逆在线学习算法,利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了神经网络逆在线学习的收敛性.最后,以典型的两区域四机系统为例进行数值仿真,结果表明,与传统的AVR/PSS方法和基于离线训练的神经网络逆控制方法相比,所提方法明显提升了电力系统的暂态性能.     

基于在线学习和ADRC的发电机励磁与汽门系统ANN逆鲁棒控制方法

为提高汽轮发电机组励磁与汽门系统机端电压和功角的控制性能,提出了基于在线学习和自抗扰控制(ADRC)的神经网络逆鲁棒控制方法.首先,将神经网络逆(ANN)与被控励磁汽门系统组成的复合伪线性系统等效为含有扰动的线性系统;然后,基于ADRC,设计了用于在线估计复合伪线性系统状态和扰动的ESO,解决了神经网络逆在线学习时训练样本获取的难题,并在设计的伪控制量中对扰动进行补偿,基于线性系统理论证明了ESO的收敛性并针对励磁子系统和汽门子系统与神经网络逆系统组成的伪线性复合系统分别设计整数阶PID控制器和分数阶PID控制器以实现闭环控制;同时,在离线训练的基础上设计了基于在线梯度方法的神经网络逆在线学习算法,利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了神经网络逆在线学习的收敛性.最后,以典型的两区域四机系统为例进行数值仿真,与传统的AVR/PSS和基于离线训练的神经网络逆控制方法的比较结果表明所提方法明显提升了电力系统的暂态性能.     

一种具有自适应动量因子的BP算法

为提高神经网络的训练速度,提出一种自适应确定带动量项BP算法中动量因子的方法.在学习率为常数情况下,根据误差函数关于权值向量的梯度变化情况,自适应调节动量因子.数值试验表明,该方法对离线和在线训练均有效,且在收敛速度和算法稳定性上优于常动量因子的BP算法.     

一种基于优化小波神经网络的语音识别

在以往的BP小波神经网络中,最常用的学习算法是BP算法,BP算法实质上就是梯度下降法,是一种局部搜索算法,梯度下降法使得网络极易陷入局部最小值,从而使得网络训练结果不尽人意,搜索成功概率低.取代传统的梯度下降法,利用粒子群算法对小波神经网络中的参数进行优化.然后利用基于粒子群优化(PSO)的小波神经网络进行抗噪声语音识别实验,仿真结果表明,与BP网络相比,PSO算法在迭代次数、函数逼近误差、网络性能方面均优于BP网络,系统的识别率也得到较大的提高.     

一种基于人工神经网络的旋转机械故障监测方法

把神经网络与数字信号处理相结合，提出并实现了一种基于神经网络的旋转机械在线故障监测系统，主要用于识别旋转机械的一些常见故障如转子不平衡振动、转子零部件松动、油膜涡动等等。系统主要由数字信号采集、数字信号预处理和Ｂ－Ｐ神经网络几部分组成。在神经网络中采用批处理加动量项的梯度下降算法学习。仿真结果表明该故障监测系统在故障识别率等各方面性能指标均优于传统的基于知识的工况监测与故障诊断系统。     

基于小波神经网络的自适应控制器设计

针对一类未知非线性系统,设计了一种基于小波神经网络的自适应控制器,并提出了一种适合在线学习的参数混合训练算法。根据离线和在线学习系统的特性,得到小波神经网络控制器的初始参数,使用混合训练算法在线修正控制律,实现了自适应控制。仿真结果验证了该控制方案的有效性。     

基于自构建RBF神经网络的内模控制

针对复杂的非线性被控过程,本文提出一种基于自构建RBF神经网络的内模控制方法。该方法中,神经网络的自构建学习算法包括结构学习和参数学习。结构学习采用最近邻聚类法使网络能够自适应地在线增加和删减神经元以达到理想的网络结构。神经网络的参数学习采用梯度下降法。将该神经网络用于内模控制,使得辨识被控远程内部模型和控制器模型的神经网络的神经元个数可以根据激励强度动态改变,进而改善了控制系统的动态性能和鲁棒性。仿真结果表明了所提方法的有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with