具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

胰岛素预处理抗心律失常作用的实验研究

研究胰岛素对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠心律失常的影响，选择SD雄性大鼠，随机分成对照组(CTRL组)，预适应组(IPC组)，缺血／再灌注组(I／R组)卡托普利组(CPT)及胰岛素高剂量组(INSH)、胰岛素低剂量组(INSL)，采用改良推管法建立大鼠在体心肌缺血再灌注模型，以心律失常发生率为指标，观察胰岛素的心肌预适应保护性作用．结果表明，胰岛素可以显著降低缺血及再灌时室性早搏的发生；降低缺血时室颤、室速的发生率．胰岛素对缺血再灌注心肌具有预适应样抗心律失常作用。     

用于ECT图像重建的预处理Landweber迭代算法

针对Landweber迭代方法收敛速度慢的问题,采用预处理方法来加快其收敛速度,即减少为计算有效解所需的迭代步数,由求解方程ATAf=ATg变为求解DATAf=DATg,其中D是预处理矩阵.讨论了构建预处理矩阵的一般方法.采用两级预处理策略构建预处理矩阵,将大的奇异值聚合并与小的奇异值分隔开来,而不是将所有的奇异值聚合在一点上,避免信号与噪声混合.使用仿真数据对预处理Landweber方法的收敛速度以及重建图像质量进行了评价.实验表明,预处理投影Landweber迭代方法同未经预处理的Landweber相比只需很少的迭代步数就可以获得比较满意的重建结果,为电容层析成像技术在线进行定量的图像重建...     

一种用于计算矢量有限元方程组的不完全分解预处理方法

提出一种不完全分解预处理方法,并结合迭代法计算矢量有限元方程组。预处理方法采用基于拓展乔里斯基分解的多波前法对有限元方程组的系数矩阵进行分解和更新,并采用基本线性代数系统库函数计算稠密矩阵乘来保证算法内层循环的高效率。该预处理算法在对系数矩阵进行数值分解前引入缩放矩阵以改善矩阵条件数。针对有限元方程组系数矩阵稀疏或部分稀疏的特性,提出一种新的舍弃策略以保证不完全分解的精度和提高预条件子的构造时间。通过与直接法对比,从时间花费与内存占用两方面,分析了该算法的计算性能。理论和数值实验表明,提出的预处理方法能大大减少计算时间与分解过程所占用的内存,同时保证了计算的准确性和有效性。     

用Chebvshev多项式加速的预处理子空间迭代法

研究了计算大型稀疏对称矩阵的若干个最大或最小特征值的问题的子空间迭代法.首先引入了加速子空间迭代法的Chebyshev迭代法和预处理技术.为了更好地加速子空间迭代法的收敛速度,作者把Chebyshev多项式和预处理技术同时应用到子空间迭代法中,对预处理过的残余矩阵用Chebyshev多项式加速.即讨论了Chebyshev迭代法对预处理子空间迭代法的应用.这样既缩小了矩阵特征值的分布范围,又改善了每次循环的初始矩阵.从而给出了用Chebyshev多项式加速的预处理子空间迭代法.最后给出了数值例子,结果表明加速后的预处理子空间迭代法比原来的预处理子空间迭代法更优越,进一步加速了迭代法的收敛速度,减少了计算量和计算时间.     

二维翼型绕流计算中预处理和多重网格方法的应用

结合Turkel矩阵预处理方法和多重网格方法,发展一种适合低速粘性流动计算的高效数值方法,通过对Navier-Stokes方程的时间导数项实施Turkel矩阵预处理,使得可压缩Navier-Stokes方程在低速情况下的系统刚性得到改善,为进一步加速收敛,提高计算效率,采用多重网格的3层V循环方式,对RAE2822超临...     

JAK-STAT/survivin通路对过氧化氢预处理诱导的适应性细胞保护作用的影响

为了探讨H_2O_2预处理对存活素(survivin)表达的影响及JAK-STAT/survivin通路在H_2O_2预处理的适应性细胞保护中的作用,用PC12细胞建立H_2O_2预处理对抗H_2O_2诱导细胞凋亡的实验模型,应用甲氮甲哇蓝(MTT)法检测细胞存活率,碘化丙啶(PI)染色流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Hoechst染色检测细胞凋亡的形态学改变,免疫印迹法(Western blot)测定survivin表达水平.结果显示:用100μmol/L H_2O_2预处理PC12细胞90min可明显地抑制300μmol/L H_2O_2作用12 h后引起的细胞毒性和细胞凋亡,并可以显著地促进PC12细胞survivin的表达;JAK_2抑制剂AG-490不仅可以抑制survivin的表达.而且能拮抗H_2O_2预处理的适应性细胞保护作用.研究表明,survivin是JAK-STAT通路的靶基因,JAK-STAT/survivin通路在H_2O_2预处理诱导的适应性细胞保护机制中起着重要的作用.     

预处理子空间迭代法

研究了计算大型稀疏对称矩阵的若干个最大或最小特征值的问题．首先引入求解大型对称特征值问题的预处理技术，给出了改善后的算法及相应的算法收敛分析．而求解特征值问题的子空间迭代法，当矩阵的特征值的分布范围较大时，其收敛速度会受到限制．为了加速子空间迭代法的收敛速度，对每次迭代所得的残余矩阵直接进行预处理以改善矩阵特征值的分布而加速收敛．讨论了预处理技术对子空间迭代法的应用，从而给出了预处理子空间迭代法．最后给出了数值例子，结果表明预处理子空间迭代法比子空间迭代法优越，不仅收敛速度快，并且减少了计算量和计算时间．     

预处理子空间迭代法的收敛性分析

基于子空间迭代法的局限性，结合预处理技术的收敛特性，研究了预处理技术对子空间迭代法的应用以加速子空间迭代法的收敛，即预处理子空间迭代法，给出了相应的收敛分析．理论的分析和数值例子的结果表明预处理技术对子空间迭代法的加速是有效的．     

rhEPO对预处理低氧损伤胶质细胞MMP-9表达的影响

 探讨人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）对低氧损伤胶质细胞的影响及对金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）表达的影响。通过体外纯化培养第3代星形胶质细胞,将其分为正常组、低氧组、rhEPO预处理组;以四唑蓝（MTT）比色法测定低氧培养12、24、36h细胞的存活率,倒置显微镜和透射电镜观察低氧对胶质细胞形态的影响;免疫荧光和逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法研究低氧对星形胶质细胞MMP-9表达的影响。结果显示:低氧组星形胶质细胞在低氧培养下出现细胞肿胀,且随时间的延长而加重,rhEPO预处理组在各时间点细胞肿胀明显轻于低氧组。rhEPO能减轻细胞超微结构的改变及降低MTT比值。RT-PCR及免疫荧光检测表明：低氧组MMP-9 mRNA及蛋白的表达在低氧各时间点均高于正常组,在24h达到最高,在36h开始降低（P<0.05）;rhEPO预处理组MMP-9mRNA及蛋白的表达变化在12、24、36h较低氧组低（P<0.05）。由此得出结论：rhEPO通过抑制MMP-9的表达促进低氧条件下星形胶质细胞的存活。     

一种运用多层不完全LU分解预处理的 时域有限元方法

为了提高时域有限元方法的计算效率,将一种基于逆的多层不完全LU分解(MIB-ILU)预处理方法运用于隐式时域有限元矩阵求解中,给出了三维散射问题的模型以及时域有限元公式系统,对系数矩阵进行了分析,并给出了预处理求解方法.理论和数值表明,此预处理方法有效地减少了每个时间步求解矩阵的时间,采用几个散射问题的算例证明了此种预处理技术的效果.