生物油的蒸馏特性及其应用

生物油常压馏分约占样品总量的５０％,其余为结焦残余物,说明生物油不易蒸发燃烧,但可以雾化 燃烧;生物油成分复杂,其中由木质素衍生的酚类含量较为丰富,可采用减压蒸馏或蒸汽蒸馏进行分离提取; 蒸馏方法还可用于生物油的品质改良,如增强油品的稳定性、提高热值和降低pH值等。     

高粘度重渣油工业炉窑油烧咀燃烧技术

高粘度、风油比例调节、火焰长短可调的高效油烧咀(GBK)系列,解决了冶金、机械、化工、陶瓷、建材等燃油工业炉窑中出现的油质变差、粘度高、雾化燃烧不良、易堵、能耗高及燃烧微机优化控制等问题.高效油烧嘴系列为GBK-65、GBK-100、GBK-150、GBK-200.经测定,其主要参数及性能为;1.容量5—100kg/h;2,适应油粘度≤40°E;3.雾化细度δSMD≤60μm;4.风油比例呈绿性;5.雾化细、着火稳定、燃烧良好、负荷调节方便和范围宽,气流折散角及火焰长短可调、长期运行不结焦、不挂焦;6.冷炉冷风点风启动性能好;7.节能效果显著;8.便利实现燃烧微机优化控制;9.烟气排放符合环保标准.     

油膜厚度变化规律的研究——油膜-雾化燃烧机理研究之二

本文应用了本所研制成功的燃烧状态下动态油膜厚度测量技术及其装置，在直喷 式ω型油膜－雾化燃烧系统中，对 Ｅ１５０型柴油机在额定转速下、不同负荷时．活 塞顶面上的油膜面积及其与活塞顶面积的比值，油膜油量与雾化油量及其比值的变化 规律进行了测定．此外对油膜厚度及其变化速率的主要影响因素，如油嘴伸出高度． 喷油始点大小，油束夹角和燃烧室形状等作了一些试验和研究．     

生物油燃烧特性及动力学研究

利用热重分析仪研究了松木屑、花生壳和玉米秆3种有代表性的生物质废弃物快速热解得到的生物油的燃烧过程,结果表明生物油燃烧过程分为挥发段、过渡段和燃烧段3个阶段,各阶段的失重量与生物油性质密切相关.与松木屑油相比,花生壳油和玉米秆油较难燃尽.采用普适积分法和微分方程法相结合的方式求解了挥发段和燃烧段的动力学参数,确定了相应反应机理函数.     

生物油/生物柴油萃取液的燃料物性及发动机燃烧排放特性

为了提升生物油的品质以实现其在柴油机上的应用,采用生物柴油对生物油进行溶剂萃取提质处理,获得了上层萃取液,并对该萃取液的物性及其在柴油机中的燃烧与排放特性进行了研究。萃取液的热重和红外光谱分析表明:生物油中的醇类、醚类、酮类、羧酸类物质等易挥发的轻组分和少量的大分子化合物被提取至生物柴油中,形成了上层萃取液。测量萃取液的燃料物性发现:在30℃时,与生物柴油相比,萃取液的密度升高了0.9%,黏度降低了11.4%,表面张力降低了0.4%,萃取液作为车用燃料时其雾化和蒸发特性相较生物柴油有所提升。萃取液的燃烧与排放特性研究表明:与生物柴油相比,萃取液具有较长的滞燃期和预混燃烧期,具有较短的燃烧持续期和较高的瞬时放热率峰值;燃用萃取液时有效热效率降低了1.3%,但常规排放明显降低,HC、CO、NO_x和碳烟排放分别降低了20.3%、37.8%、8.7%和14.8%。研究结果表明:生物油/生物柴油萃取液的物性及其发动机性能接近甚至优于生物柴油,生物柴油萃取生物油的方法是实现生物油在柴油机上应用的较好选择。     

生物质热解液化装置研制与试验研究

介绍了一种电热式快速流化床生物质热解液化装置的研制，该装置的技术关键是采用两级螺旋进料和大流量喷雾直接冷凝收集生物油。试验结果表明，该装置完全可以用于各种固体生物质的热解液化，而且无论何种生物质都存在最佳热解温度。木屑、稻壳、玉米秆和棉花秆4种原料在最佳热解条件下的生物油质量产率分别为63%，53%，57%和56%，热值均为17～18MJ/kg。通过试验研究还发现，生物油是一种复杂的含氧有机化合物和水组成的混合物，包含了几乎所有化学类别的有机物；减少原料携带的外在水可有效降低生物油中的水分；储藏时间达半年的生物油仍然可以直接燃烧。     

中国专利文献

(适用于发动机等的节能装置)1.一种雾化节油器它主要用来改善汽车发动机混合气的雾化状况。在原装置两侧增加了由进气简、空心螺栓及滤网等构成的进气柱。该进气柱有通孔使新鲜空气吸入,以补充或增加原节油器进气量不足的问题,并使混合气的雾化状况及发动机的燃烧工作更趋于完善.它适宜在高寒、高温及风沙环境中使用.     

点火用小流量回油式机械雾化喷咀的试验研究

本文论述了小流量(10—150公斤/小时)回油式机械雾化喷咀用轻柴油进行的试验研宄结果,包括喷咀几何特性和运行工况对流量特性和雾化性能的影响。试验结果表明,喷咀在小流量下仍能保持流量稳定、雾化良好、热态燃烧完全。同时,得到了喷咀在小流量下的流量系数修正公式(3)。这种喷咀特别适于沸腾锅炉和煤粉锅炉予燃室点火使用。     

有机废水煤浆的初步实验研究

本文提出了利用有机废水制备煤浆的新方法来处理有机废水,这在环保、节约工业水资源、利用可燃废物质方面有着现实的经济意义,试验表明,外混式高压旋流雾化喷嘴用于废水煤浆的雾化是成功的,并且解决了煤浆喷口的磨损问题,应用液排渣施风燃烧室能快速冷风点火及稳定燃烧废水煤浆。     

浓度场测量系统在喷油雾化角测量中的应用

喷油雾化角影响油气混合、缸内燃烧和发动机排放性能,借助浓度场测量和数字图像处理系统对喷油雾化角测量进行了研究.介绍了测量系统的基本原理及装置,并通过该测量系统对某种电控喷油器燃油喷雾角情况进行了实际测试,验证了该测量系统的实用性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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