急性外伤性硬膜外血肿434例临床分析

急性硬膜外血肿是颅脑外伤的严重继发性病变，多需手术治疗，若处理及时、恰当，则预后良好，死亡率明显降低。我科１９８４年２月～１９９７年９月共收治急性硬膜外血肿４３４例，占同期急性外伤性颅内血肿的４９２％，现将诊断、治疗情况报告如下。１　临床资料　　（１）一般资料：４３４例中男３８２例，女５２例。年龄９～６７岁，１６～４５岁３９８例，占９１７％。致伤原因：车祸３６４例，占８３９％，坠落伤２９例，占６７％，打击伤２５例，占５８％，砸伤１６例，占３７％。（２）临床表现：头痛２１２例，呕吐２５…     

62例直肠癌综合治疗分析

１　临床资料　　本组病人６２例,男４３例,女１９例,年龄２４～７９岁,５０岁以上４２例（６７７％）。病程２个月～２年,其中大便习惯改变５１例（８２３％）,便血４４例（７１６％）,直肠指检阳性４５例（７２６％）。全部病例均经手术治疗并病理确诊为直肠腺癌。手术方式包括Ｍｉｌｅ’ｓ４４例,Ｄｉｘｏｎ１１例,造瘘７例。其中单纯手术１３例,Ａ期１０例,Ｂ期３例;术前放疗６例,采用单后野或前后对穿照射,ＤＴ３０～４０Ｇｙ;术后放疗１８例,采用前后对穿或两前一后野照射,ＤＴ４０～６０Ｇｙ;术后综合化疗…     

小儿颈部肿块131例诊断分析

颈部肿块是小儿临床常见病征，因颈部解剖结构复杂，肿块的组织来源繁多，临床上对于小儿颈部肿块的诊断、确定其性质，常有一定困难。现收集我院１９８３年１０月～１９９８年７月间的小儿颈部肿块１３１例，就其临床特征分析如下。１　临床资料　　（１）一般资料：在１３１例患儿中，男６９例，女６２例。年龄最小为１个月，最大为１４岁，平均６９岁。病程最短为１ｄ，最长为１０年。　　（２）肿块情况：呈囊性３５例，占２６７％；呈实性９６例，占７３３％。肿块直径小于３ｃｍ７１例，３～５ｃｍ４３例，５～１０ｃｍ１４例，…     

Ⅱ,Ⅲ期乳腺癌综合疗法对比分析（附69例报告）

对Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌６９例综合方法疗效对比分析。全组５年生存率５３６％，Ⅱ期７８％，Ⅲ期４７２％，Ⅱ期各组（Ｓ，Ｓ＋Ｃ，Ｓ＋Ｒ，Ｓ＋Ｒ＋Ｃ）无显著差别；Ⅲ期各组Ｓ１４２％，Ｓ＋Ｃ３３％，Ｓ＋Ｒ４７３％，Ｓ＋Ｒ＋Ｃ６０％（Ｐ＜００５）说明综合治疗方法对生存率有影响，增加放疗对Ⅲ期尤为显著；加放组淋巴区胸壁３年复发率与未加放组比为１∶２（９／５０：７／１９），其复发平均时间为３１８∶１３５（月），说明加放对局部控制效果的肯定。增加化疗（ＣＭＦ／ＣＡＦ／ＣＥＦ）与未加化疗比生存率有改变，前者为５９５％（２２／３７），后者为３３３％（３／９），而除Ｓ组外，增加化疗使Ｓ＋Ｒ＋Ｃ达６０％，Ｓ＋Ｒ４７３％组无显著性差别（０２５＞Ｐ＞０１０）。Ｓ＋（Ｓ＋Ｃ）与（Ｓ＋Ｒ）＋（Ｓ＋Ｒ＋Ｃ）组５年生存率，前者为３６８％（７／１９），后者为６０％（３０／５０）。     

急性小脑性共济失调18例临床总结

急性小脑性共济失调临床起病形式多种多样，现就我院儿内科１９９３年３月至１９９７年７月收治急性小脑性共济失调病儿１８例，总结如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料１８例病儿均为住院患儿，年龄最小１３个月．最大６岁，２岁以内１０例（５５．６％），大于２岁８例（４４．４％），男性１２例，女性６例．男女之比为２：１，一年四季均可发病，无明显流行性。１．２临床表现前驱症状发热８例（４４．４％），体温均在３９．０℃以上；腹泻３例（１６．６５％）；前驱症状距小脑性共济失调症状出现时间，同时出现２例，一日内出现７例，～…     

家畜常见疾病的发生与年龄、性别和季节关系的调查研究

对１３７７个有效病例３０余种常见疾病的临床表现率与年龄、性别和季节的关系进行了定量分析，结果表明公畜病例占３５２％，母畜占６４８％；内科病多发生于１岁以内（４１３７％），外科病以３—４岁较多见（２９８３％），产科病常见于３岁的家畜（２８１７％）；发病季节在每年的３—４月份为最高，分别占年度病例总数的１２４２％和１３６５％所有病例中内科病占７２０４％，外科病１２７％，产科病１１７６％，传染病２７６％，寄生虫病１２６％     

186例鼻咽癌疗效分析

对鼻咽癌常规外照射疗效进行分析，探讨方法的改进，以期提高疗效。方法：１８６例经病理证实鼻咽癌病人，接受常规６０Ｃｏ根治性分段外照射，鼻咽和颈部ＤＴ６０～７２Ｇｙ／９～１１周，中间休息３～４周。分析其５年生存率及死亡原因。结果：按照ＴＮＭ（长沙，１９７９）分期５年生存率分别为：Ⅰ期１００％（１／１）；Ⅱ期５３３％（２７／４５）；Ⅲ期４６４％（４５／９７）；Ⅳ期２０％（９／４３）；总的５年生存率为４４１％（８２／１８６）。结论：对Ⅰ～Ⅱ期病人以设法提高局部控制率为主；对Ⅲ～Ⅳ期病人在提高局部控制率同时，必须综合全身化疗，防止出现远处转移     

NaCI，Na_2SO_4和Na_2CO_3对小麦生长，脯氨酸及Na~＋，K~＋含量的比较研究

在５０、１００和２００ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ下，研究了ＮａＣＩ、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３对小麦高生长、生物量生长、脯氨酸及Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋含量的影响。ＮａＣＩ处理使高度下降８．８％～３５．４％、而Ｎａ２ＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３分别为８．８％～７７．９％和５３．１％～１００．０％。ＮａＣＩ处理使鲜重和干重分别降低１４．３％～４２．９％和６．１％～３６．７％，而Ｎａ２ＳＯ４处理分别为１４．３％～６４．３％和７．２％～５８．９％，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３处理分别为５０．０％～７４．１％和４８．３％～７２．８％。在ＮａＣＩ、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３处理下，脯氨酸含量分别增加０．０％～６６．７％、０．０％～３３．３％和６６．７％～１００．０％。Ｎａ＋／Ｋ＋分别提高２．５～１１．９、３．６～１１４．１和３５．１～１５６．６倍。结果表明：Ｎａ２ＣＯ３的胁迫比Ｎａ２ＳＯ４强，而Ｎａ２ＳＯ４的胁迫影响又比ＮａＣｌ强     

25例小儿结核病误诊原因分析

从１９８５年以来，结核病发病率在全世界范围内有所增加，我国活动性肺结核患病率５２３／１０万，痰涂片阳性患病率１３４／１０万，结核病居死亡病因的第七位［１］。由于其表现形式不同，使一些患儿长期被误诊，现将２５例小儿结核病误诊原因分析如下。临床资料：男１１例，女１４例，年龄最小３个月，最大１２岁。其中１岁以内１０例，０～３岁５例，７岁７例，１２岁３例。１４例（占５６％）来自农村。有卡介苗接种史者１３例（５２％）只有６例有卡介苗疤痕（卡痕）；９例（３６％）有结核病接触史。４例结核菌素（ＰＰＤ）试验阴性…     

MINT方案治疗难治和复发恶性淋巴瘤15例

为观察ＭＩＮＴ方案对难治及晚期复发恶性淋巴瘤的疗效和副作用。方法：我科１９９４年１月～１２月住院的恶性淋巴瘤患者１５例,经临床和病理组织学确诊。其中男１３例,女２例,中位年龄４５岁（１３～６５岁）。８例属难治,晚期复发的７例。１５例患者使用的ＭＩＮＴ方案为：美斯钠（Ｍｅｓｎａ）３００ｍｇ·ｍ－２·ｄ－１,静注,每４ｈ一次,每天３次,第１～３ｄ;异环磷酰胺（Ｉｆｏｓｆａｍｉｄｅ）１３３ｇ·ｍ－２·ｄ－１,静注,第１～３ｄ;米托蒽醌（Ｎｏｖａｎｔｒｏｎｅ）８ｍｇ·ｍ－２·ｄ－１,静注,第１ｄ;威锰２６（Ｔｅｎｉｐｏｓｉｄｅ）６５ｍｇ·ｍ－２·ｄ－１,静注,第１～５ｄ。一疗程后间歇２１～２８ｄ重复治疗一次。结果：获完全缓解者６例,部分缓解者２例,无效者７例,总缓解效率达５３３％。取得缓解所需的中位数时间为２３ｄ（２０～３０ｄ）,中数淋巴瘤;ＭＩＮＴ方案;化疗     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with