认识数字音频中的字时钟

数字音频设备必须在传输数字音频信号时同步,否则,数字音频信号可能不被正确地接收.可以通过一种叫做“字时钟”的方式来实现数字音频设备之间的同步：它实际上是在一个系统中为所有数字音频信号同步的时钟信号.本文揭示了该信号在同步过程中的工作原理和工作方式.     

MCS-51单片机的时钟电路

微型计算机的CPU实质上就是一个复杂的同步时序电路,所有工作都是在时钟信号控制下进行的。每执行一条指令,CPU的控制器都要发出一系列特定的控制信号。通过介绍MCS-51单片机的时钟电路,重点分析两种不同时钟信号的产生方式。     

基于FPGA的曼彻斯特编解码器设计

<正>曼彻斯特编码是相位调制的、自同步的、超越传统数字传输极限的一种编码/解码方式。曼彻斯特编码同步时钟信号就隐藏在数据波形中,码元位中间的正负跳变既作为数据信号的又作为时钟信号。曼彻斯特编码数据流中包含同步时钟信号和数据信号,在传输代码信息的同时,也将同步时钟信号一起传输到对方,并且每位编码中有一跳变,不存在直流分量,具有自同步能力和良好的抗干扰性能。     

基于声道低频能量比的自同步数字音频水印算法研究

目前数字音频水印算法,未曾在音频中嵌入同步信号,导致嵌入水印的音频存在不可感知性、抗攻击性和鲁棒性等性能差问题,为此提出基于声道低频能量比的自同步数字音频水印算法研究。采用降维和加密的方式,预处理数字水印;分段处理数字音频,并嵌入同步信号,采用声道低频能量比技术,将数字水印图像,嵌入数字音频;设计水印图像提取步骤,提取水印图像。实验结果表明,确定数字音频攻击方式,不可感知性、抗攻击性和鲁棒性等性能指标的计算公式,对比3组算法的不可感知性、抗攻击性和鲁棒性,此次研究的自同步数字音频水印算法,具有较优的不可感知性、抗攻击性和鲁棒性。     

一种码元同步时钟信号的提取方法及单片机实现

提出了一种数字通信中码元同步时钟信号的开环提取方法.根据此方法设计了码元同步时钟信号提取电路原理框图,本方法比通常用的闭环提取法具有同步快、实现简单等特点.给出了码元同步时钟信号的提取原理,并用单片机予以实现,同时给出了软件程序的流程图.     

抗时钟漂移的协议同步的设计与实现

通信双方基于时钟漂移破坏协议信息同步问题,提出了一种在时钟漂移下协议信息保持同步的方式。文中首先介绍了现在常用的处理方式,并分析了在时钟漂移下协议同步保持原理,最后根据协议设计在系统设备中进行了验证,证明该方式具备抗时钟漂移的能力。     

射频拉远系统中的时钟同步技术

针对射频拉远系统中基带控制部分和射频拉远单元之间的时钟漂移问题,提出了一种利用锁相环进行时钟同步的技术.该技术利用锁相环的特点,通过跟踪时钟漂移并对时钟信号进行预补偿来达到抵消时钟漂移的目的.分析了漂移的产生和影响以及补偿方案的可行性,设计并制作了集成在一块4层印刷电路板中的时钟同步模块.测试结果表明:加入时钟同步模块的时钟信号频率稳定度可达到1×10-12,较之无同步模块提高了4个数量级;对于10,km和100,km单程光纤链路,该方案能达到同样的效果.可见,采用该技术可以在较大的动态范围内补偿时钟漂移,从而提高时钟信号的频率稳定度.     

长春轻轨时间同步系统浅析

时间同步系统是长春轻轨通信网络结构中不可缺少的部分之一,为长春轻轨各系统、轻轨工作人员及旅客提供标准时间同步信号。列车安全高效运行离不开精准的时间信号,而时间同步系统通过全球定位系统获取精准时间信号,为轻轨提供精准时间信号得到保障。该文主要介绍长春轻轨通信时间同步系统的组网构架、工作过程、主要设备、网管设备、时钟系统功能,并指出时间同步系统对轻轨运行的重要性。     

SOC设计中多bits数据跨时钟域的解决方法

在SOC(System On Chip)设计中,随着数字系统复杂性的提高,系统芯片中集成了越来越多的模块,这些模块通常工作在不同的时钟频率下.各控制器或者模块之间进行数据访问时,需要在将多bits数据同步到不同的时钟下.从跨时钟域时异步信号带来的亚稳态问题及其造成的影响,提出了包括握手信号和FIFO等针对不同的异步信号传输进行不同的跨时钟设计.     

浅析ZXMPS380设备定时时钟故障处理

定时时钟技术是光传输设备关键技术,是实现光传榆信号同步的必要条件。定时时钟故障是光传输设备中常见故障,也是光传输设备故障处理的难点。本文以ZXMPS380的一个典型故障案例,通过故障告警、故障分析、故障解决以及故障总结,四部分内容。阐明ZXMPS380定时时钟故障处理方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.