折线应力路径条件下粉质黏土力学特性试验研究

为了探究先基坑开挖后坑边大吨位吊装的特殊应力路径条件下粉质黏土的变形规律、孔压变化以及强度指标，以济南市某隧道附近的粉质黏土原状土样为研究对象，采用K₀固结先侧向卸荷后轴向加荷不排水剪切试验，并在卸荷阶段选取3个不同的卸荷比，模拟先基坑开挖后坑边大吨位吊装特殊工况下的应力路径，然后进行等压固结不排水常规三轴剪切试验和K₀固结侧向卸荷不排水剪切试验，并对比3种试验结果。结果表明：先基坑开挖后坑边大吨位吊装的特殊应力路径条件下的偏应力-轴向应变试验曲线为非线性曲线，粉质黏土的破坏强度与卸荷量有关，卸荷量越大，则破坏强度越小；减围压阶段产生负孔压，轴向加压阶段孔压随着轴向应变的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势，在同一初始固结围压下，粉质黏土的卸荷比越小，则剪切时产生的最大孔压越大；先基坑开挖后坑边大吨位吊装的特殊应力路径条件下粉质黏土的卸荷比越大，则有效黏聚力越大，有效内摩擦角越小，与等压固结不排水常规三轴剪切试验相比，有效内摩擦角偏小，有效黏聚力随卸荷比的不同而偏大或偏小。     

考虑中间主应力的粉砂岩侧向卸荷力学特性试验研究

利用TRW-3000型岩石真三轴试验系统开展粉砂岩真三轴侧向卸荷试验,研究不同中间主应力系数b条件下粉砂岩卸荷破坏、变形特征,并基于Mogi-Coulomb强度准则,探讨岩体强度特征。研究结果表明:在真三轴侧向卸荷应力条件下,随着中间主应力增大,粉砂岩试样卸荷破坏模式由剪切-张拉复合破坏转变为板裂破坏,剪切破断角随b增大呈线性增大;应力-应变曲线有较明显的阶段性,随着中间主应力增大,破坏时最大主应变ε1、最小主应变ε3增大,体积应变εV减小,扩容趋势更加明显;在卸荷过程中,变形模量随卸荷量增加呈负指数关系降低;采用Mogi-Coulomb准则对真三轴侧向卸荷试验强度进行拟合分析,回归方程满足显著性水平α=0.01的F检验要求,Mogi-Coulomb强度准则能够较好地用于描述不同中间主应力条件下的粉砂岩侧向卸荷强度关系。     

基于数字图像测量技术的基坑开挖卸荷试验研究

以原状粉质黏土为试验土体,采用三轴数字图像测量技术为基础的测试仪器,对基坑开挖卸荷过程的土体应力路径进行模拟,研究不同应力路径条件下的土体应力-应变关系,分析侧向卸荷对基坑土体抗剪强度指标的影响.试验结果表明,经历侧向卸荷应力路径的土体抗剪强度指标与常规三轴加载试验明显不同.数值计算验证了不同应力路径的试验结果对基坑稳定与变形的影响.为了准确地分析基坑的稳定与变形情况,有必要在试验时尽可能模拟基坑的侧向卸荷应力路径.     

复杂卸荷条件下杭州淤泥质黏土的力学特性试验研究

【目的】为研究各种加卸荷组合条件下土体的力学特性,对杭州淤泥质黏土开展了室内试验研究。【方法】首先通过三轴剪切试验和归一化分析法,研究竖向和水平向同时卸荷复杂工况下土体的强度与变形特性;然后分析土体的应力-应变特性及应力路径;最后考虑预剪应力及卸荷后再剪切的应力条件,对原始的Duncan-Chang模型的应力-应变曲线和初始剪切模量表达式进行修正,得到了修正的Duncan-Chang模型及淤泥质黏土的模型参数。【结果】不同卸荷路径下的偏应力与轴向应变均呈双曲线关系,峰值抗剪强度随卸荷应力比的增大而增大;不同土样的应力路径均从K₀固结线的同一点出发,在卸荷与再剪切过程中经历不同的p-q变化,最终均到达K_f线发生剪切破坏,试验数据拟合的K_f线线性相关性较高,根据拟合的K_f线及Mohr-Coulomb破坏条件,可以不用绘制摩尔圆直接得到土的黏聚力和内摩擦角。【结论】本研究结果对深入分析复杂卸荷条件下土体的强度和变形特性及多个地下工程相互交叠或近邻时的设计与施工具有参考价值。     

平面应变条件下土体变形的试验研究

取武汉地区具有代表性的粉质粘土进行了一系列卸荷应力路径试验,对其应力应变性状进行了较深入的研究。研究表明,土体卸荷试验的初始切线模量远大于加荷试验的初始切线模量,其破坏的主应变却远远小于常规三轴试验的破坏主应变,土体在复杂受力状态下的应力应变关系曲线表现出应变软化特性,其广义剪应力与广义剪应变关系曲线呈明显的非线性,且更真实地反映开挖卸荷条件下土体的应力应变特性,并探讨了这种特殊路径下的卸荷模量的计算。     

本构模型对黏性土侧向卸荷路径下应力应变关系适用性研究

为研究侧向卸荷应力路径对黏性土应力应变特性的影响,首先介绍了2种典型的修正邓肯张模型和三参数模型,然后分析比较了这3种模型反映侧向卸荷应力路径条件下土体应力应变特性的能力。即分别利用这3个模型模拟普通三轴侧向卸荷条件下的试验结果,得到相同条件下各种模型的应力应变特性曲线。并与试验结果进行对比发现：3种模型均能在不同程度上反映侧向卸荷应力路径对黏性土应力应变特性的影响,其中修正3的效果更明显一点,3种模型存在一定的联系,即参数值达到特定的情况时3种模型退化成为同一模型。     

不同卸荷路径下的页岩蠕变特性试验研究

地下硐室围岩流变现象显著,对硐室开挖与运营造成巨大威胁。以某深埋矿井巷道页岩为例,参照地下硐室实际开挖情况设计轴压与围压等比卸荷应力路径,同时开展恒轴压卸围压、等比卸荷两种应力路径下的蠕变试验,研究页岩在不同卸荷路径下的蠕变力学特性。试验发现：(1)页岩在两种卸荷路径下的蠕变特性十分明显,轴向应变量值始终高于侧向应变;(2)岩石在破坏应力水平下的轴向应变增长程度小于侧向应变,岩石的侧向扩容较为明显;(3)等比卸荷和恒轴压卸围压条件下的岩石长期强度分别为47.69MPa和62.85MPa,等比卸荷应力条件下岩石更易屈服破坏。研究成果可为地下硐室长期稳定性研究提供一定参考。     

基坑土体侧向卸荷条件下的变形性状研究

在ZSY-1型真三轴仪上控制ε2≈0进行基坑土体的k0固结-侧向卸荷的平面应变试验研究,得出土体侧向卸荷时侧向应力与其应变之间关系.根据其应力应变曲线性状,运用Duncan-Chang模型的建模思路来描述平面应变条件下土体侧向卸荷的侧向应力应变之间关系,并由此得出卸荷土体的初始切线弹性模量及其变化规律,推导出反映坑侧土体侧向卸荷实际应力路径下土样的非线性切线模量表达式.     

大岗山坝区辉绿岩卸围压三轴流变试验及分析

为研究硬脆性岩体的卸荷流变力学特性,以大岗山水电站坝区为依托,经过现场采样取芯,采用三轴流变试验机,开展硬脆性辉绿岩不同应力路径下的三轴流变试验研究。研究结果表明:卸荷流变和加载流变都存在门槛效应;加载流变破坏的侧向应变为轴向应变的2~3倍,卸荷流变破坏时为1~7倍;加载流变破坏形态主要为剪切破坏,而卸荷流变破坏形态主要为劈裂破坏;轴向应力σ1恒定卸围压流变时岩样表现出的脆性比偏应力(σ1-σ3)恒定卸围压流变更为剧烈;二者的流变破坏破坏强度均比常规三轴强度低。     

应力路径对重塑黏土有效抗剪强度参数的影响

为探讨应力路径对黏土有效抗剪强度参数的影响,即临界状态线的惟一性问题,在确保试样的初始状态、应力历史、排水条件、加荷速率、试验仪器、破坏取值标准均一致的前提下,进行了常规三轴压缩与等p三轴压缩应力路径下同种重塑黏土的固结排水剪切试验.得到了两种应力路径下的有效抗剪强度参数和临界状态线参数,试验结果证实不同应力路径下重塑黏土有效抗剪强度参数有较大差别,临界状态线不惟一.定性分析表明:相对于常规三轴压缩路径,重塑黏土在等p三轴压缩路径下具有较低、有效内摩擦角的原因是剪切过程中围压的降低造成侧向卸荷引起的土体抗剪能力下降;产生凝聚力的原因是在排水剪切过程中存在超固结效应.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~