祁连山冷龙岭南麓的冰川序列、黄土记录和阶地系列的初步研究

已经发现的冰川沉积和黄土记录证明冷龙岭至少经历了３次冰期的冰川作用，其中倒数第３次冰期与沉积黄土Ｌ４（或Ｌ５）的时期相当，其时冰川规模最大，随后各个冰期冰川规模逐渐变小．即使在倒数第三次冰期，冰川末端也只到达冷龙岭南侧门源盆地的边缘，未能覆盖整个盆地形成冰盖；门源盆地南侧发育的５级大通河阶地与分布于盆地中的５级冰水（扇）阶地以及盆地北侧的５套冰碛可以进行对比，它们记录了自倒数第三次冰期以来门源盆地的冰川作用，河流发育与地貌演化。     

青藏高原东南缘四姑娘山地区末次冰期砾石沉积和冰楔特征

四姑娘山位于青藏高原东南缘,第四纪冰川可分为3期.末次冰期时长坪沟口属于冰缘地带,在前次冰期冰碛物上发育了冰楔构造,冰缘地带冰川融水形成黑色细砾堆积.根据新的证据,末次冰期时四姑娘山长坪沟口附近年平均气温比现在低14～20℃.末次冰川作用发生时恰好也是四姑娘山地区强烈抬升的时期,因此,这套粗碎屑堆积可能是推覆构造的沉积响应,表明末次冰期时可能存在气候与构造联动作用.四姑娘山地区末次冰川规模较倒数第二次冰期明显偏小.     

2010年第8期半月科技要闻

发现完整的第四纪古冰川遗迹 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所何元庆、沈永平在甘肃省迭部县境内扎尕那地区发现大量完整的第四纪古冰川遗迹．冰期形成大约始于200万～300万年前．结束于1万～2万年前．波及范围十分广泛,给地表留下了大量冰川遗迹。     

滇西北玉龙山第四纪冰川作用的探讨

本文摘要地描述了玉龙山第四纪冰川作用所形成的地貌，如冰斗、刃脊、角峰、槽谷等冰蚀地貌和侧碛堤、终碛堤、冰碛丘陵等冰碛地貌；较详细地论述了玉龙山冰川沉积物的组构、粒度和石英砂粒表面的形态特征等，最后对冰期作了划分。     

渝鄂湘黔毗邻地区古冰川研究

在地质历史中,地球曾发生过震旦纪冰川、石炭-二叠纪冰川和第四纪冰川3次冰川活动。为研究和预测当今气候,按照岩石学原理和李四光教授创立的确定古冰川的3个标准,研究了渝鄂湘黔毗邻地区的古冰川事件,结论是该区只发生过震旦纪冰川;第四纪时不存在古冰川遗迹,没有发生过冰川活动;为温暖湿润气候。     

论庐山第四纪冰期的划分

第四纪冰川作用是近三百万年以来,地球发展史上的重要事件。许多自然现象都与第四纪冰川有密切关系。随着我国生产实践及第四纪地层的研究的需要,第四纪冰川作用和冰期问题,日益引起了有关单位的重视。庐山是我国卓越的地质学家李四光同志所创立的我国第四纪冰川学说的诞生场所,也是我国第四纪冰川研究的典型地区。以第四纪冰川遗迹为依据,深入研究庐山的第四纪冰期的划分,对于解决我国东部地区第四纪冰川作用问题,尤为重要。本文试图在前人调查基础上,结合我们多次的调查工作,对庐山地区的第四纪冰期的划分,进一步提出我们的一些看法,希望批评指正!     

青藏高原第四纪冰期序列及其意义

普兰丁喀里山口和理塘海子山地区第四纪冰川遗迹的研究进一步证实,近２Ｍａ来,青藏高原经历过５次冰期和４次间冰期。青藏高原第四纪冰期序列的研究,对于完善大陆第四纪冰期序列、研究全球变化、认识中国东部第四纪冰川作用都具有重要意义。     

对长江中下游第四纪冰川发育的新认识

早在２０世纪３０～４０年代,李四光就已开始对我国长江中下游第四纪冰川发育问题进行研究。本文通过对长江中下游在冰期时的古气候、山体高度及雪线高度的研究,认为气候变冷和高山存在是长江中下游第四纪冰川发育最关键的条件。尤其是后者对发育冰川起着积极和直接的作用。     

祁连山冷龙岭南麓的冰川序列,黄土记录和阶地系列的初步…

已经发现的冰川沉积和黄土记录证明冷龙岭至少经历了３次冰期的冰川作用，其中倒数第３次冰期与沉积黄土Ｌ４（或Ｌ５）的时期相当，其时冰川规模最大，随后各个冰期冰川规模逐渐小，即使在倒数第三次冰期，冰川末端也只在达冷龙陇南侧门源盆地的边缘，未能覆盖整个盆地形成冰盖。     

山西宁武冰洞成因分析

从冰洞所处位置分析该地区在地质时期曾经是岩溶发育区,并且经历了温暖潮湿的气候作用,逐渐形成石灰岩溶洞;而且该地区曾经是山岳冰川发育区,在第四纪冰期及间冰期时,大量的积雪、冰川融水甚至破碎冰块堆积于洞中,经过复杂的物理变化,融化和重新凝结,再加上大气降水的不断渗入,在溶洞内形成各种形态冰物质的广泛分布现象———冰洞形成;以后的年代,由于当地比较特殊的地形、气候等自然地理环境因素,冰洞得以有效保存。宁武冰洞的形成是由岩溶作用和冰川作用以及环境因素共同作用的结果。     

Geomorphologic evolution and environmental changes in the Shaluli Mountain region during the Quaternary

Geologic and geomorphologic evidence from the Shaluli Mountain indicates that the planation surface that formed in the Late Tertiary disintegrated during the Late PUocene-Early Quaternary. At the same time, rift basins appeared on some parts of the planation surface, and began to accumulate fluvial-lacustrine sediment. These are interpreted as being the response of this region to Phase-A of the Qingzang Teetnnic Movement. After this, the Shaluli Mountain eontinued to rise in several pulses. Faulting and incision by some large tributaries of the Jinsha and Yalong Rivers resulted in several rift river valleys and the earliest terraces. Generally. the planation surface in this region had been uplifted to ahout 3500--3700 m a.s.I, no later than 550-600 ka BP. after the Kunlun-Huanghe Tectonic Movement, and coupled with global glacial climate, and resulted in the earliest glaciation recognized so far in the Hengduan Mountains. At the same time, Ioess was deposited in the Ganzi area of the northern Shaluli Mountain. During the last glacial period, the Shaluii Mountain approached its present altitude and developed several large ice caps, such as the Daocheng Ice Cap and Xinlong Ice Cap, as well as several huge valley glaciers. These paleoglaciers produced some of the most Spectacnlar glacial topography on the Tibetan Plateau.     

Study on Quaternary glacial landforms in Gongwang Mountains in northeast Yunnan Province，China

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地质历史中的大冰期及其成因分析

本文以冰期成因的“共振模式”理论为基础,对地质历史中气候变迁与冰期形成的天文—地质因素进行比较系统的分析。指出大陆漂移、构造运动及海陆分布是影响冰期形成的主要地质因素;黄道倾斜(8)则是影响冰期形成的主要天文因素。文章将地质历史中的大冰期纳入了一个统一模式,进行了新的解释:对于极地冰川与低纬度冰川之间转变过程及形成特征,也进行了相应的阐述。     

Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2

The sudden, widespread glaciation of Antarctica and the associated shift towards colder temperatures at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary (approximately 34 million years ago) (refs 1-4) is one of the most fundamental reorganizations of global climate known in the geologic record. The glaciation of Antarctica has hitherto been thought to result from the tectonic opening of Southern Ocean gateways, which enabled the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the subsequent thermal isolation of the Antarctic continent. Here we simulate the glacial inception and early growth of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet using a general circulation model with coupled components for atmosphere, ocean, ice sheet and sediment, and which incorporates palaeogeography, greenhouse gas, changing orbital parameters, and varying ocean heat transport. In our model, declining Cenozoic CO2 first leads to the formation of small, highly dynamic ice caps on high Antarctic plateaux. At a later time, a CO2 threshold is crossed, initiating ice-sheet height/mass-balance feedbacks that cause the ice caps to expand rapidly with large orbital variations, eventually coalescing into a continental-scale East Antarctic Ice Sheet. According to our simulation the opening of Southern Ocean gateways plays a secondary role in this transition, relative to CO2 concentration.     

New focuses of polar ice-core study: NEEM and Dome A

Ice core records from polar regions are of great value to study long-term climate and environmental change. Greenland ice-core records are celebrated for their high resolution and have provided very important knowledge for understanding the late Quaternary palaeoclimate, especially in reference to millennial-scale abrupt climatic flips during the last glaciation. Recently, a new project to retrieve a deep ice-core from Greenland known as NEEM for North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling, has been launched with the main target being the last interglacial period. The new core will help us understand further details of climate changes during a period of warmth as the present. Antarctic ice cores have a unique advantage in providing recovery of longer time-scale paleclimate information and hence are regarded as a crucial pillar to examine climatic cycles on the time-scale of Earth-orbital phenomena. Since the bottom ice in Dome A is estimated to be older than a million years, a deep drilling there becomes a new focus for ice core studies. Supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-SW-354) and National Key Technology Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2006BAB18B01)     

Characteristics of decadal-centennial-scale changes in East Asian summer monsoon circulation and precipitation during the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age and in the present day

Using meteorological observations, proxies of precipitation and temperature, and climate simulation outputs, we synthetically analyzed the regularities of decadal-centennial-scale changes in the summer thermal contrast between land and ocean and summer precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region during the past millennium; compared the basic characteristics of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) circulation and precipitation in the present day, the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP); and explored their links with solar irradiance and global climate change. The results indicate that over the last 150 years, the EASM circulation and precipitation, indicated by the temperature contrast between the East Asian mainland and adjacent oceans, had a significant decadal perturbation and have been weaker during the period of rapid global warming over the past 50 years. On the centennial time scale, the EASM in the MWP was strongest over the past 1000 years. Over the past 1000 years, the EASM was weakest in 1450-1570. When the EASM circulation was weaker, the monsoon rain belt over eastern China was generally located more southward, with there being less precipitation in North China and more precipitation in the Yangtze River valley; therefore, there was an anomalous pattern of southern flood/northern drought. From the 1900s to 1920s, precipitation had a pat- tern opposite to that of the southern flood/northern drought, with there being less precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and more precipitation in North China. Compared with the case for the MWP, there was a longer-time-scale southern flood/northern drought phenomenon in 1400-1600. Moreover, the EASM circulation and precipitation did not synchronously vary with the trend of global temperature. During the last 150 years, although the annual mean surface temperature around the world and in China has increased, the EASM circulation and precipitation did not have strengthening or weakening trends. Over the past 1000 years, the weakest EASM occurred ahead of the lowest Northern Hemispheric temperature and corresponded to the weakest solar irradiance.     

Palaeoclimate simulation of Little Ice Age

Promotedbytheinternationalresearch projectsofPAGESandCLIVAR ,thestudiesonclimaticandenvironmentalchangesinthepast 2 0 0 0yearshavedrawntheattentionofgeologistsandpalaeoclimato logistsallovertheworld[1,2 ] .AmongthemthecoldeventoftheLittleIceAge (LIA)isparticularlythemostattractiveone[3～ 10 ] ,whichisthenearesttypicalcoldperiodintheglobalrangefrommodernage ,andhadaprofoundimpactuponhumansociety[11] .Addi tionally ,moreknowledgeaboutthecauseoforiginanddynamicmechanismofLIAmayenrichandpe…     

琼西北地区冰川地貌陆地卫星(TM)图像解译

北门江流域更新世沉积广布、厚度巨大.在对区内的建筑砂矿进行成矿背景条件研究时利用了陆地卫星TM图像与区内的地质地球物理资料进行综合解译,发现了区内的冰蚀台面、冰洼、冰斗、冰川槽谷和冰碛堤、冰碛裙、冰水扇等冰川作用遗迹.通过对冰蚀、冰碛地貌的研究,发现它们之间是一系列有规律的组合,有其密切的成生联系,是更新世多次冰川作用的结果.     

Response of Zhadang Glacier runoff in Nam Co Basin,Tibet, to changes in air temperature and precipitation form

This paper describes 2007/2008 inter-annual changes in runoff from the Zhadang Glacier located on the northern slope of Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibet, and analyzes their causes. Precipitation increased by 17.9% in summer months of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007, drainage basin runoff decreased by 33.3%, and glacial meltwater decreased by 53.8%. Change in positive accumulated air temperature explained approximately half of the inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater using a de-gree-day model. This suggests that the glacier is extremely sensitive to changes in air temperature. Energy balance analysis showed that change in glacier surface albedo, considered to be caused by difference in precipitation form, resulted in the large inter-annual difference in glacial meltwater. It was shown statistically that precipitation form in the summer months of 2007 was mainly rainfall which comprised 71.5% of total precipitation, while during the same period in 2008 rainfall accounted for 30.7%, with the majority of precipitation falling as snow. Precipitation form should be considered an independent factor when analyzing glacier sensitivity to climate change or forecasting the runoff from certain glaciers.