垃圾填埋层通风对循环渗滤液的硝化与反硝化作用

渗滤液循环回灌填埋层同时去除其中的碳、氮污染物的前提是层内必须存在好氧、兼性、厌氧混合代谢条件.通过对比间歇强制通风和强化自然通风这两种使填埋层内形成混合代谢条件的实验发现:两者均可使填埋层具有去除回灌渗滤液中化学耗氧量CODCr和氨氮的能力,间歇强制通风的去除负荷为CODCr165 g/(m2*d),氨氮7.5 g/(m2*d);强化自然通风则为CODCr480 g/(m2*d),氨氮16 g/(m2*d).填埋层对氨氮硝化形成的硝态氮的反硝化能力与回灌渗滤液中生物可利用碳BC与氨氮之比BC/N有关,当此比值大于4.5时,间歇强制通风填埋层可达到几乎完全的反硝化水平.但强化自然通风填埋层中,即使当BC/N大于7.5时,流出液中硝态氮仍大于50 mg/L,主要原因是层内存在持续有氧的区域,阻碍了对其的完全反硝化.     

A/O-混凝-BDD组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的研究:Ⅰ.参数优化

研究组合工艺"A/O-混凝-BDD"对垃圾渗滤液中有机物和氨氮的处理效果,优化各段工艺的运行参数。结果表明,各工艺最佳运行条件:A/O工艺水力停留时间(HRT)为10.7 d,回流比为3.5;混凝剂工艺氯化铁为混凝剂,pH=5.5,添加量为0.4 g/L;BDD工艺电流密度为60 m A/cm~2,电极面积/反应体积为4 m~(-1)。最佳工艺条件下进、出水COD_(Cr)平均浓度分别为13375和60 mg/L,去除率为99.5%;进、出水TOC平均浓度分别为6893和12 mg/L,去除率为99.8%。进、出水氨氮平均浓度分别为1889和0 mg/L,去除率为100.0%。A/O、混凝和BDD对COD_(Cr)去除贡献分别为59.0%,32.9%和7.6%,对TOC去除贡献分别为50.5%,46.1%和13.2%,对氨氮去除贡献分别为84.3%,2.5%和3.2%。     

沸石强化生物脱氮工艺的研究

在传统的A/O工艺或SBR工艺基础上投加沸石进行强化生物脱氮的试验,探索应用沸石强化生物脱氮处理污水的新工艺。研究表明,采用粒径为180~200目的沸石,搅拌速度为200 r/m in时,吸附时间仅为30 m in,其氨氮的吸附量便可达到平衡容量的90%,水中的pH在6.4左右时,对吸附去除氨氮最有利。在常温下沸石对氨氮可进行选择吸附,而温度高对氨氮去除较有利。应用该工艺流程可有效的去除城市污水中的氨氮。     

A-O脱氮型生物反应器填埋技术试验研究

为了解决生物反应器填埋场渗滤液循环的氨氮积累问题,提出了A-O脱氮型生物反应器填埋技术,在渗滤液回灌的基础上,对回灌渗滤液进行曝气处理、pH调节和温度控制。通过建立模拟填埋柱试验,研究了不同填埋工艺对渗滤液中氨氮、COD去除以及填埋垃圾产气特征的影响。结果表明：A-O脱氮型生物反应器填埋系统在氨氮、COD去除以及产气特征上均优于传统填埋系统和渗滤液厌氧回灌填埋系统。A-O脱氮型生物反应器填埋系统中渗滤液氨氮浓度降至200.9mg/L,COD浓度降至1900mg/L,最高产气速率和累积产气量分别达到195L/d和2976L,后期CH₄浓度稳定在60％左右。     

MBR工艺处理规模化畜禽养殖沼液的工程应用

采用MBR工艺处理规模化畜禽养殖沼液对COD、氨氮等具有较好的去除效果,在来水COD平均为1389mg/L时,出水平均为118mg/L,COD平均去除率为91.5%;来水氨氮平均为276mg/L时,出水氨氮可保持在50mg/L以下,平均为31mg/L。MBR的有机负荷平均为2.7kgCOD/(m3.d)。工程运行费用为1.3元/吨水,MBR出水水质达到相应的设计标准,并远高于浙江省的行业标准(DB33/593-2005)。该工艺处理效果优良,运行稳定,运行费用较低。     

曝气生物滤池工艺去除氨氮影响因素分析

以四川省眉山市污水处理厂曝气生物滤池为研究对象,对氨氮的去除效果及影响因素进行了探讨.试验结果表明,曝气生物滤池对氨氮去除效果具有一定的抗冲击负荷能力,在进水氨氮平均为45.37mg/L时,平均出水氨氮和去除率分别为10.03mg/L和77.89%,去除效果稳定;水温较高时曝气生物滤池去除氨氮效果较好,低温时其对氨氮去...     

化肥厂高浓度氨氮废水的处理和回用

在实验室规模研究了通过生成鸟粪石（磷酸铵镁, MAP）去除氨氮工艺条件的影响. 加入磷酸和MgO产生MAP沉淀, pH值对其影响很大, pH值为9.0时氨氮去除效果最好. PO₄^3-, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺的摩尔比为1 ∶1.5 ∶1时, 氨氮去除率较大并且可较好地回收氨生成鸟粪石. 此外, 物料的加入次序严重影响氨氮的去除. 两步沉淀工艺氨氮去除率达99.1%, 氨回收率为80.1%.     

氨氮吹脱效率影响因素

为了研究不同因素对氨氮吹脱效率的影响程度以及最佳工艺运行参数,采用填料为排列规整的聚丙烯阶梯环的吹脱塔进行正交吹脱试验.试验结果表明,氨氮吹脱效率的影响因素顺序为：pH〉气液比〉水力负荷〉氨氮负荷;在水温为27-30℃、气温为25-27℃、进水氨氮负荷为24.46-80.38 kg/m2.m3,pH=11.0、气液比为3 300、水力负荷为2.25 m3/m2.h时,能得到较好的吹脱效果,出水氨氮浓度均低于20 mg/L,氨氮去除率均能达到98%以上.     

硝化-反硝化曝气生物滤池改进工艺处理水产养殖废水

采用出水回流的上流式曝气生物滤池处理模拟水产养殖废水,逐一优化厌氧/好氧(A/O)一体化曝气生物滤池中水力负荷、气水体积比以及硝化液回流比等3个因素,通过分析出水水质确定最佳运行参数.结果表明:1)设定厌氧/好氧区域体积比为1∶1,当工艺中水力负荷为39.86m3·(m~2·d)~(-1),硝化液回流比为200%,气水体积比为2∶1,水力停留时间为1.81h时,污染物去除效果最佳,化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别达71.09%,96.29%,78.26%,17.22%;2)各优化条件下,当A/O体积比为1∶1时,该改进工艺下总氮去除效果可达GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中的Ⅲ类标准.     

厌氧-准好氧生物反应器填埋场产酸期最优工况试验研究

根据厌氧、好氧以及准好氧生物反应器填埋场的特点,结合农村地区生活垃圾处理现状,开展了厌氧-准好氧生物反应器处理农村生活垃圾产酸期最优工况的室内模拟试验。研究表明,影响COD去除率的影响因素依次为回灌频率、p H、曝气时间以及回灌比例;影响氨氮去除率的影响因素依次为p H、回灌比例、回灌频率以及曝气时间。由综合平衡法分析得出在回灌频率3 d/次,回灌比例75%,p H值调节为8.0,渗滤液回灌前曝气10 min时,对于产酸阶段的厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器填埋场运行情况最佳。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that