具有单面约束的非完整动力学系统的积分因子和守恒定理

本文提出了动力学系统守恒定律的构成的一般途径，首先，给出积分因子的定义，其次，详细地研究了守恒量存在的必要条件，建立了具有单面约束的非完整动力学系统的守恒定理及其逆定理，并举例说明结果的应用。     

Chaplygin方程的积分因子和守恒定理

提出了非完整动力学守恒定律构成的一般途径．首先，给出积分因子的定义，详细地研究守恒量存在的必要条件；其次，建立了Chaplygin方程的守恒定理及其逆定理，并举例说明结果的应用．     

非完整相对运动力学系统的某些问题

在引入广义惯性势的基础上，首先给出了非完整相对运动动力学系统的新型运动方程，然后讨论了该系统的积分不变量的构造方法，最后得到了该系统的Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ定理及其逆定理。     

广义Noether定理与非完整动力学逆问题

给出非完整动力学逆问题的一种提法和解法,利用非完整系统的广义Noether定理来解非完整动力学逆问题.     

非完整非保守相对运动动力学系统准坐标形式的Noether…

给出了非完整非保守相对运动动力学系统准坐标形式的Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ定理、逆定理及其守恒量存在的条件。在准坐标下，无穷小变换的生成函数不必附加чегаев定义的条件限制，最后举例予以说明其应用。     

非完整非保守相对运动动力学系统准坐标形式的Noether理论

本文给出了非完整非保守相对运动动力学系统准坐标形式的Ｎｏｅｔｈｅｒ定理、逆定理及其守恒量存在的条件。在准坐标下，无穷小变换的生成函数不必附加定义的条件限制。可见采用准坐标优于广义坐标。     

广义力学中完整非保守系统的时间积分定理

给出了广义力学中完整非保守系统的广义维里定理，基于该定理，得到了广义力学中完整非保守系统的一给特殊的积分公式。     

单面完整系统相对于非惯性系的微分变分原理与守恒律

文章建立了非惯性系中单面完整约束力学系统的D'Alembert-Lagrange原理，基于微分变分原理在无限小变换下的不变性，给出非惯性系中单面完整约束系统的Noether定理及其逆定理，最后举例说明定理的应用。     

准坐标下的非完整非保守力学系统的Noether理论

给出了准坐标下的受一阶非线性非完整约束的非保守动力学系统的Nocther定理、逆定理及其守恒存在的条件。结果表明,在准坐标下,无穷小变换的生成函数不必附加 定义的条件限制,而在广义坐标下是必须附加这个限制的,从而显示出采用准坐标具有明显的优点。     

Чаплыгин非完整系统的拉格朗日定理

本文将完整系统的拉格朗日定理推广到非完整系统。首先讨论了系统平衡的充要条件，其次对保守系统利用李亚普诺夫直接法和稳定性定义证明了推广的稳定性定理；最后举例说明定理的应用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the