多重RT-PCR方法对人肺炎链球菌菌种、血清型及耐药性的鉴别检测

首先,选择肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae,SP)基因LytA、肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)基因P1、肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumoniae,CP)基因ompA作为目标检测靶点设计引物探针,建立鉴别肺炎链球菌菌种的多重RT-PCR方法.其次,针对肺炎链球菌cps基因座序列,利用MGB-TaqMan探针的多重RT-PCR方法对肺炎链球菌的血清型进行鉴别检测.最后,针对肺炎链球菌耐药基因ermB、mefA为靶标设计引物探针,采用多重RT-PCR方法对其临床阳性样本的耐药性进行鉴别检测.肺炎链球菌鉴别检测多重RT-PCR方法,线性范围为102~107 copies/mL,R2分别为0.999、0.996和0.995,灵敏度可达102copies/mL,与其他病原体无交叉反应.512例临床样本经多重RT-PCR方法鉴别检测,肺炎链球菌189例(189/304,62.17%),肺炎支原体83例(83/304,27.30%),肺炎衣原体32例(32/304,10.53%),与单重FQ-PCR及基因测序法比较无统计学差异(P0.05).189例肺炎链球菌临床样本,经多重RT-PCR检测,血清分型为:19(19.58%,37/189)、23(15.87%,30/189)、6(13.23%,25/189)、14(6.3%,12/189),其他血清型(22.75%,43/189),其他血清型(22.22%,42/189).肺炎链球菌抗药菌株突变检测为:ermB突变115例(115/189,60.85%),mefA突变56例(56/189,29.63%),两基因共突变15例(15/189,7.94%).     

脑缺血再灌注损伤中凋亡调控基因表达的变化及意义

脑缺血再灌注损伤的病理机制十分复杂，目前许多学者发现细胞凋亡与其密切相关。细胞凋亡是一种基因控制的细胞主动死亡，它参与机体许多病理生理过程。研究资料表明，脑缺血再灌注损伤是诱导凋亡调控基因表达的最强烈刺激之一。脑缺血再灌注后，有多种基因被诱导表达，这些基因编码的蛋白质产物直接或间接参与了凋亡的调控。对脑缺血再灌注后的bcl-2基因家族、fas基因、p53基因的表达及作用机制进行论述。     

Red重组系统介导下大肠杆菌改造体系的优化

对Red重组系统介导下大肠杆菌进行遗传改造的转化条件、诱导条件、复苏条件三方面实验参数进行优化研究。结果表明:电转化加入的DNA为20ng,Red重组系统感受态细胞培养浓度为OD600=0.60,所需的电击感受态细胞数为3×108;对大肠杆菌基因做双敲除时,突变第2个基因的阿拉伯糖诱导最适时间比突变首个基因延长,诱导浓度为40μm,复苏时间变化对体系影响不显著。     

感受态细胞制备和质粒转化冰浴时间对大肠埃希菌转化效率的影响

通过研究转化实验中加入质粒DNA的量、大肠埃希菌感受态细胞制备和质粒转化过程中冰置时间长短对感受态细胞最终转化效率的影响,分析其最佳转化效率参数,优化感受态制备和转化方法.结果表明,加入质粒（pBR322）DNA量为1～10ng,感受态制备过程中菌液冰浴时间在30～60min,以及感受态细胞加入质粒DNA并混匀后的冰置...     

禽类多瘤病毒APV-1的cDNA病毒突变体构建

为进一步研究禽类多瘤病毒晚期基因多顺反子翻译调控的分子机制,设计和构建了与野生型病毒APV-1相同的在AUG位点有agno-1a突变区和7个插入氨基酸的新型重组病毒.用碱裂解法提取了APV-1 cDNA克隆pHL1003,全长线性目的片段由Acc I部分酶切后回收,再用T4连接酶将合成的agno插入片段磷酸化后与目的片段连接得到了重组质粒,最后转化至E.coli DH10b感受态细胞中筛选阳性克隆.经PCR,PAGE和DNA测序验证获得了APV-1突变cDNA克隆.     

3-酮基嘌呤还原酶(TSC10)表达载体的构建及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：Tsc10基因所编码的3-酮基嘌呤还原酶是酵母中神经酰胺合成的重要因子,本文研究从酵母中提取神经酰胺经济、便捷、高效的方法。方法：1.利用构建含有tsc10基因的毕赤酵母GS115表达载体pPIC3.5K-tsc10。2.电转化法将该表达质粒转化到GS115感受态细胞中。3.用G418筛选以及PCR鉴定。4.使用qRT-PCR和SDS-PAGE进行检测。结果：经过G418筛选以及PCR鉴定后确定获得了包含tsc10基因的毕赤酵母转化子,经过qRT-PCR和SDS-PAGE进行检测后发现tsc10基因在20个阳性菌株中均可以稳定、高效表达。结论：本方法成功构建了3-酮基嘌呤还原酶高表达的毕赤酵母菌株,并为后续获得高收率神经酰胺奠定了基础。     

p53基因调控网络研究进展

肿瘤抑制基因p53表达的p53蛋白是一个通用转录因子,与其上、下游功能相关基因组成了一个复杂的基因调控网络,在这个基因网络中p53基因起着关键作用;DNA损伤、缺氧、原癌基因的激活等均能刺激p53基因表达;p53表达升高后,可通过p53-MDM2反馈环路与泛素系统等对p53表达水平进行精确调节;p53通过调控多种下游/靶基因表达完成多种生物学功能,主要包括阻滞细胞周期、促进细胞凋亡、维持基因组稳定性等;认识p53基因调控网络的功能有助于理解p53及其下游/靶基因间的具体作用机制。     

三种大肠杆菌高效感受态的制备及转化

描述了一种改良的高效细菌感受态的制备和感受态细胞的保藏及细菌的转化方法.三种不同的大肠杆菌分别是DH5α,TG1和XL1blue,其中最有效的是XL1blue.每种菌株的感受态细胞制备的最佳光密度(OD600值)不同.对感受态细胞的存储时间及其与转化效率之间的关系也进行了研究,结果显示感受态细胞可以在-20℃存储7d,在-70℃存储15d.将常见的方法做了三种改进:首先是将CaCl2溶液改为TB溶液;其次是将培养基由LB换成S.O.C;再就是在质粒对感受态细胞的转化过程中加入DMSO或PEG8000.改良的细菌转化系统比常见的方法能提高转化效率约1000倍,是一种高效的细菌转化系统.     

一种制备高效感受态细胞的方法

感受态是细菌最易吸收外源DNA的状态,感受态细胞是基因工程中外源DNA转化必不可少的材料,通常是用新鲜的CaCl2溶液诱导产生,但制备时对实验条件要求较高,本方法制备感受态细胞操作简便,价格便宜,而且转化效率高.     

基于ChIP-seq筛选睾丸支持细胞中雄激素受体靶基因初步研究

雄激素及其受体在精子发生中有重要作用.寻找并鉴定更多雄激素及其受体的靶基因,对阐明雄激素及其受体介导精子发生的分子机制,解析其调控精子发生的网络具有非常重要的科学意义.在本研究中,我们分离了睾丸支持细胞,以睾酮刺激,并以ARKO小鼠睾丸作为背景对照,进行ChIP-seq和分析验证.数据分析显示了8679个差异表达基因,其中4830个基因在睾酮处理组表达上调,3849个表达下调.我们从差异基因中筛取了43个靶基因进行验证,其中39个基因的启动子区域找到了ARE结合位点.候选靶基因介导雄激素调控精子发生的分子机制仍有待进一步研究.本项目初步鉴定的靶基因可为进一步深入系统研究雄激素及其受体调控精子发生的机制提供参考.     

Competence for genetic transformation in pneumococcus depends on synthesis of a small set of proteins.

In bacterial genetic transformation the uptake of DNA and its integration into the resident chromosome is dependent on a special cellular state, termed competence. In those species where appearance of competence has been studied, specific (but often poorly defined) growth conditions lead to a simultaneous development of competence in a substantial fraction of the cells in a culture. In Bacillus subtilis, and in Haemophilus species, competence appears in the stationary phase of growth or in certain other growth-limiting conditions. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is perhaps unusual in that virtually all cells of a culture become competent, for a short period at a specific cell density during logarithmic growth, without perturbing the growth rate. The synchronous appearance of competence in pneumococcal cultures results from an autocatalytic effect of a small protein released by the cells that induces competence. The response to competence factor has been shown to require protein synthesis. We report here additional information on the nature of competence in pneumococcus: pulse-labelling studies show that for the brief period of competence protein synthesis is restricted to a few specific polypeptides.     

The stress response factor RpoS is required for the natural transformation of Escherichia coli

The natural transformation of Escherichia coli is a novel and recently developed system that has significance for genetic studies and the biological safety of genetic engineering. However, the mechanisms of transformation, including development of competence and DNA uptake, are not thoroughly understood. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of the general stress response regulator RpoS, which has been associated with E. coli transformation, on natural transformation performed in an “open system”. We find that RpoS is required for natural transformation but not to artificial transformation and RpoS mainly affect transformation in the liquid culture prior to plating. In the liquid culture, RpoS over-expression promotes natural transformation in early exponential phase and static incubation accumulates RpoS and promotes transformation to a limited extent. These findings provide detailed understanding of RpoS function on natural transformation.     

Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, is the most common cause of sepsis and meningitis. Multiple-antibiotic-resistant strains are widespread, and vancomycin is the antibiotic of last resort. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in this community-acquired bacterium would be catastrophic. Antibiotic tolerance, the ability of bacteria to survive but not grow in the presence of antibiotics, is a precursor phenotype to resistance. Here we show that loss of function of the VncS histidine kinase of a two-component sensor-regulator system in S. pneumoniae produced tolerance to vancomycin and other classes of antibiotic. Bacterial two-component systems monitor environmental parameters through a sensor histidine-kinase/phosphatase, which phosphorylates/dephosphorylates a response regulator that in turn mediates changes in gene expression. These results indicate that signal transduction is critical for the bactericidal activity of antibiotics. Experimental meningitis caused by the vncS mutant failed to respond to vancomycin. Clinical isolates tolerant to vancomycin were identified and DNA sequencing revealed nucleotide alterations in vncS. We conclude that broad antibiotic tolerance of S. pneumoniae has emerged in the community by a molecular mechanism that eliminates sensitivity to the current cornerstone of therapy, vancomycin.     

基于全局转录工程促进肺炎克雷伯氏菌吡咯喹啉醌的生物合成

用易错PCR构建肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)RNA聚合酶rpoD基因的突变文库,将其与载体连接后转化肺炎克雷伯氏菌,从1500个阳性克隆中筛选出一株吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)生产菌。发酵试验表明,该工程菌的PQQ产量为76mg/mL,比携带未突变rpoD基因的对照菌提高了10%。测序发现rpoD基因在核酸和蛋白质水平的突变率分别达到2.5%和0.5%。二级结构预测发现α螺旋、β转角和无规则卷曲数目均发生了变化,推测由此改变了σ因子与启动子的亲和程度,从而导致了PQQ基因的转录以及K. pneumoniae代谢流量再分配,使得PQQ得到更高效表达。     

Present status and development on biological nitrogen fixation research in China

This presentation introduces the advances in biological nitrogen fixation research abroad, in particular,describes the great progress and achievements on its research in China as follows: collection of rhizobial resources and establishment of the largest database of Rhizobium in China, correction and development of Rhizobium taxonomy in international; discovery of a couple of nif genes, identification and unification of linkage among the nif gene operons of Klebsiella pneumoniae, finding of regulative mechanism of positive regulation nif gene and its sensitivity to oxygen,temperature; finding of the activity of nodulation gene nodD3 product in Sinorhizobium meliloti which is not controlled by flavonoid produced from its host alfalfa; finding of the association between expression of genes coding the products for carbon utilization and nitrogen metabolism and their regulations; chemical synthesis of nodulation factor of Sinorhizobium meliloti; constructions of engineered nitrogen fixers and utilization in practice based on the research of gene expression and regulation; chemical simulation of the structure and function of nitrogenase and bringing forward the model of nitrogenase active center for the first time in international and synthesis of model compounds which were paid attention by colleagues abroad. Finally, the development of nitrogen fixation research in China in future has been put forward, suggesting that the nif gene regulation and its role in providing crops with nitrogen element, signal transduction and molecular interactions between Rhizobium and legume, coupling between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis, and functional genomics of nitrogen-fixing nodule symbiosis, etc., would be actively worked on.     

细菌遗传转化与水平基因转移

介绍了细菌中水平基因转移、转移途径(转化、接合和转导)以及细菌遗传转化即自然条件中的转化、自然遗传转化及人工转化等研究进展，并且对细菌遗传转化在水平基因转移中的作用进行了探讨．     

百脉根Rac1基因启动子的克隆与表达分析

百脉根小G蛋白Rac1基因促进共生结瘤过程,但其转录调控机制尚不明确.采用生物信息学方法对百脉根Rac1基因的启动子序列进行了预测,并对该启动子中含有的顺式调控元件进行了统计分析.克隆了约1.8kb的启动子片段,并构建了GUS融合的重组质粒p1391Z-Rac1Pro.通过百脉根毛根转化法获得转基因毛根,进一步利用组织化学染色法对Rac1基因在阳性毛根中的表达部位进行了研究.结果显示:该启动子除含有常见的转录调控保守元件TATA-box和CAAT-box外,还含有调控防御和胁迫、激素、光照等信号的应答元件.组织化学染色发现,Rac1基因在接种根瘤菌的根毛、根尖、根瘤原基皮层中表达量较高.     

Plectasin is a peptide antibiotic with therapeutic potential from a saprophytic fungus

Animals and higher plants express endogenous peptide antibiotics called defensins. These small cysteine-rich peptides are active against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here we describe plectasin-the first defensin to be isolated from a fungus, the saprophytic ascomycete Pseudoplectania nigrella. Plectasin has primary, secondary and tertiary structures that closely resemble those of defensins found in spiders, scorpions, dragonflies and mussels. Recombinant plectasin was produced at a very high, and commercially viable, yield and purity. In vitro, the recombinant peptide was especially active against Streptococcus pneumoniae, including strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. Plectasin showed extremely low toxicity in mice, and cured them of experimental peritonitis and pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae as efficaciously as vancomycin and penicillin. These findings identify fungi as a novel source of antimicrobial defensins, and show the therapeutic potential of plectasin. They also suggest that the defensins of insects, molluscs and fungi arose from a common ancestral gene.     

基于sigma因子全局代谢扰动提高克雷伯肺炎杆菌的3-羟基丙酸产量

利用易错PCR技术构建了全局转录机器工程（gTME）关键元件σ因子（rpoD基因）的突变文库,连接至表达载体,电转化K.pneumoniae DSM 2026,并且从大量阳性克隆中筛选出一株3-羟基丙酸（3-HP）高产菌。初步发酵试验表明,该携带突变rpoD基因的工程菌能高效利用甘油生产3-HP,产量达到4.49g/L,比携带野生型rpoD基因的对照菌提高242.75%,甘油转化率、生产强度分别提高了832.50%、239.39%。     

肺炎衣原体感染与冠心病预防研究进展

目的：回顾近年来完成的多项较大规模肺炎衣原体感染及其与冠心病的相关性研究。方法：收集、整理及分析以往研究资料。结果：尽管部分研究提示肺炎衣原体与动脉粥样硬化有关，但抗肺炎衣原体感染并未减少冠脉事件的发生。结论：抗肺炎衣原体感染预防冠心病的意义尚需进一步研究.