鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组震积岩识别标志研究

震积岩主要通过地震驱动形成的软沉积物变形构造来识别.鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界延长组长6-长8中发育大量软沉积物变形构造,包括微同沉积断裂、震裂缝、液化砂岩脉、沙侵蘑菇、振动液化卷曲变形构造、负荷构造及枕状层、地震角砾岩、震塌岩等.这些变形构造常沿限定的岩层发育,上、下均为未变形的岩层,显示事件变形特征.同时在塔17井中发现完整的震积岩垂向序列,序列自下而上分为下伏未震层、微断裂层、微褶皱层、碎块层及液化均一层、上覆未震层.该震积岩的发现,表明晚三叠世随着秦岭、南祁连海槽的封闭,南北向逆冲带发生强烈活动;并且为盆地西南部延长组长6-长8发育的大规模浊积岩的外界触发机制是由地震活动引起的提供了有力证据.     

饶阳凹陷古近系沙河街组古地震记录及地质意义

综合区域构造背景和岩心观察,对饶阳凹陷东部陡坡带、中央隆起带及北部任丘潜山上覆的古近系沙河街组地震成因的软沉积物变形构造类型、沉积特征、成因机制及地质意义展开研究。结果表明:研究区发育多种原地形成的拉伸—挤压作用及液化作用成因的软沉积物变形构造;由下至上依次为同沉积断裂层段、地震角砾岩层段、液化砂岩脉层段、软沉积变形层段和液化均一层段;沙三段沉积时期是控盆边界断层以及控制潜山活动的控山断层活动强烈时期,频繁引发震级高于5级的地震,且越靠近凹陷东部断裂带,地震构造发育的类型越多;微断层、微裂缝等的形成能极大地改善储层渗透率,使之成为潜在的油气储层或油气运移通道。     

济阳坳陷古近系碎屑岩地层中震积岩识别标志研究

在陆相湖盆中,地震引起的各种作用力可以对各种先成沉积物进行改造而形成震积岩,建立准确可信的识别标志是震积岩研究中最关键的问题之一.应用大量岩心、薄片和成像测井分析资料,对济阳坳陷古近纪沙河街组砂泥质沉积中地震灾变事件的典型识别标志及其成因进行了研究.结果表明,震积作用可以形成特殊的构造标志(层内阶梯状微断层、震裂缝、混合层构造等)、沉积和成岩标志(液化砂、泥岩岩脉和泄水构造、串珠状构造、震积砂枕及砂球构造、液化卷曲变形构造等)及特殊的岩石类型(震褶岩、震裂岩、震塌岩及液化角砾岩等).研究区未固结富含孔隙水的软沉积物以地震液化序列为主,半固结或固结的沉积物以断裂和破碎变形的震积序列为主,序列的完整性取决于剖面位置、地震震级及地震持续时间,特别是发生地震处的岩性.此研究可识别陆相湖盆地震事件沉积,提供判断储集砂体成因的对比标准,为正确判断储集砂体的"多元"性提供地质理论依据.     

龙门山前陆盆地南段乐地1井须家河组震积岩特征及地质意义

通过对龙门山前陆盆地南段乐地1井上三叠统须家河组岩心的系统观察和描述,以前人对震积岩的研究为基础,探讨震积岩的分布特征以及与盆地构造活动的关系。震积岩主要分布在须家河组第二、第三和第四段,发育典型的由地震导致的软沉积物液化变形和脆性变形构造,包括液化砂岩脉、液化卷曲变形与混滑层、负载构造及球枕状构造、环形层理、震裂岩和微断层。认为这些软沉积物液化变形和脆性变形构造是由龙门山隆升构造引起的地震作用形成的。乐地1井中地震岩的分布特征表明龙门山前陆盆地南段在须家河组第二、第三和第四段时期构造活动强烈,并快速向南东方向推进。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统延安组软沉积变形构造特征研究

以安塞区延河西侧阳光小区以及延安裴庄两处延安组出露地层为研究对象,通过对露头地层层位的确定、变形构造的描述、成因机制的分析等,确定出露地层的地质年代为中侏罗世延7沉积中晚期,变形构造以大小不等的球枕状构造为主,且伴有碎裂微褶皱、塑性变形纹层等软沉积物变形构造。根据变形构造的发育规模和特征,结合前人研究,首次提出鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统延安组延7沉积时期存在两期古地震活动,其成因可能与燕山构造活动早期的古火山喷发有关。     

东营凹陷营11北地区沙三中亚段重力流触发机制

以东营凹陷营11北地区沙三中亚段重力流沉积砂体为研究对象,通过岩心、测井、录井、地震及地化分析资料,对研究区滑动、滑塌、砂质碎屑流和浊流4种沉积类型重力流的触发机制和沉积演化特征进行研究,建立2种地震岩序列,阐明震级与软沉积物变形构造的类型及垂向序列之间的对应关系.结果表明:构造运动为研究区重力流砂体主要的触发机制,沙...     

渭北地区晚三叠世深水重力流沉积特征

晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地处于洋盆收缩末期,受印支运动影响广泛发育深湖-半深湖沉积,是湖盆由鼎盛期向衰退期发展的转折时期和湖盆发育的重要调整期。为明确深水砂体形成机理,通过野外露头观察、岩芯观察及钻测井资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地渭北地区延长组长6深水沉积特征、重力流类型、重力流沉积模式进行探讨。结果表明：渭北地区延长组长6沉积期发育富有机质深水缺氧还原环境细粒沉积物,见灰黑色、灰色、灰白色岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,发育滑塌、泥岩撕裂、砂枕、火焰状构造、重荷模、槽模等沉积构造;发育滑动-滑塌沉积、砂质(泥质)碎屑流沉积、浊流沉积3种类型的重力流沉积物,各类型沉积物特征明显,重力流形成过程可分为三角洲前缘沉积阶段、滑动-滑塌变形阶段、砂质(泥质)碎屑流形成阶段及浊流形成阶段。研究结果对分析同一盆地或同一时期的深湖-半深湖沉积特征、重力流特征具有指导作用,对目前国际地学界广泛开展的大陆边缘沉积物“从源到汇”过程的研究有积极意义。     

济阳坳陷古近系碎屑岩地层中震积岩识别标志研究

在陆相湖盆中，地震引起的各种作用力可以对各种先成沉积物进行改造而形成震积岩，建立准确可信的识别标志是震积岩研究中最关键的问题之一。应用大量岩心、薄片和成像测井分析资料，对济阳坳陷古近纪沙河街组砂泥质沉积中地震灾变事件的：典型识别标志及其成因进行了研究。结果表明，震积作用可以形成特殊的构造标志（层内阶梯状微断层、震裂缝、混合层构造等）、沉积和成岩标志（液化砂、泥岩岩脉和泄水构造、串珠状构造、震积砂枕及砂球构造、液化卷曲变形构造等）及特殊的岩石类型（震褶岩、震裂岩、震塌岩及液化角砾岩等）。研究区未固结富含孔隙水的软沉积物以地震液化序列为主，半固结或固结的沉积物以断裂和破碎变形的震积序列为主，序列的完整性取决于剖面位置、地震震级及地震持续时间，特别是发生地震处的岩性。此研究可识别陆相湖盆地震事件沉积，提供判断储集砂体成因的对比标准，为正确判断储集砂体的“多元”性提供地质理论依据。     

大淋水泥化弱胶结软岩巷道分阶段闭合支护技术

大淋水条件下泥化弱胶结软岩巷道的变形及失稳机理比较复杂,淋水会造成岩体软化、泥化,使围岩承载力下降、支护体失效,最终导致巷道产生非线性大变形.通过现场围岩变形观测与FLAC 3D软件数值分析,充分了解了新上海一号煤矿软岩巷道的变形破坏特征.在大量软岩巷道支护实践经验的基础上,提出了以防治水为前提,一次支护卸压、二次支护定型、关键部位强化为原则,顶板注浆、底板钢筋混凝土反底、底角格栅、全断面喷浆为手段的综合性分阶段巷道围岩闭合支护方案.在113采区回风巷进行了70m现场应用试验,结果表明该方案有效控制了软岩巷道的围岩变形.     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组震积岩特征及其油气地质意义

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组大量的野外露头剖面考察,结合岩心数据及地震剖面,在鄂尔多斯盆地识别出典型的震积岩并对其特征展开研究.结果表明,延长期构造活动比较活跃,发育大量的震积岩,典型的震积岩构造有液化砂岩脉、液化卷曲变形构造、布丁构造、球-枕构造等,建立了盆地延长组震积岩垂向沉积序列;通过对震积岩发育的空间和平面分布结合...     

Earthquake events in Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic and its relationship with supercontinental Rodinia in North China

Carbonate liquefied veins in limestone and liquefied mud veins in mudstone are the result by earthquake, which is liquefied in sediments and a strong earthquake event remains clearly records in strata. 24 strata units with earthquake events (molar tooth), which are subdivided into 11 seismic periods, have been distinguished from Mid-Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic strata in the Sino-Korean platform. The distributions of them represent paleo-seismic tectonic zones in different periods, which is tallied with convergent continental block before Proterozoic supercontinental Rodinia and the evidence of the breakup or splitting developed in the inner Sino-Korean Platform in 700 Ma.     

河南西峡盆地红层划分及沉积相研究

从岩性岩相出发，结合恐龙蛋化石的组合特征及其它生物化石、同位素年龄等，对西峡盆地红层进行了划分，自下而上依次为：高沟组、马家村组、寺沟组，并对其沉积相进行了研究。研究认为高沟组沉积环境有三类，其沉积相为冲击扇相、洪积扇相及河流相组成的混合相；马家村组为较稳定的河流沉积环境，沉积物巨厚，发育交错层理；寺沟组的沉积环境为冲积滨浅湖相，见有小型交错层理和水平层理。     

Novel microbial communities of the Haakon Mosby mud volcano and their role as a methane sink

Mud volcanism is an important natural source of the greenhouse gas methane to the hydrosphere and atmosphere. Recent investigations show that the number of active submarine mud volcanoes might be much higher than anticipated (for example, see refs 3-5), and that gas emitted from deep-sea seeps might reach the upper mixed ocean. Unfortunately, global methane emission from active submarine mud volcanoes cannot be quantified because their number and gas release are unknown. It is also unclear how efficiently methane-oxidizing microorganisms remove methane. Here we investigate the methane-emitting Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV, Barents Sea, 72 degrees N, 14 degrees 44' E; 1,250 m water depth) to provide quantitative estimates of the in situ composition, distribution and activity of methanotrophs in relation to gas emission. The HMMV hosts three key communities: aerobic methanotrophic bacteria (Methylococcales), anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME-2) thriving below siboglinid tubeworms, and a previously undescribed clade of archaea (ANME-3) associated with bacterial mats. We found that the upward flow of sulphate- and oxygen-free mud volcano fluids restricts the availability of these electron acceptors for methane oxidation, and hence the habitat range of methanotrophs. This mechanism limits the capacity of the microbial methane filter at active marine mud volcanoes to <40% of the total flux.     

山东小清河流域黄土的发现及勘探意义

通过钻孔取样、野外考察、粒度分析等方法对山东小清河流域浅层的沉积物特征进行研究。结果表明:小清河流域南部浅层沉积物以泥质粉砂和粉砂质泥为主,富含钙质结核和蜗牛化石等黄土标志物,发育明显的黄土-古土壤沉积旋回;南部粒度特征与青州黄土、北京降尘、西峰黄土等典型的风成沉积物相似,具有中国黄土的典型双峰特征,粒度分布明显粗于北京降尘和西峰黄土,而与邻近的青州黄土相似或较其稍粗,体现近物源的特性;末次冰期时裸露的渤海陆架是研究区黄土的主要物源区,中国东部季风和流域以南的山脉为黄土的形成提供搬运动力和地形条件;流域最北端发育古河道沉积,黄土与古河道间存在一个过渡带,沉积特征的差异和流域内南高北低的地势致使南部潜水面深度远大于北部,最终导致油气地震勘探中北部的地震激发效果明显优于南部。     

The calcareous nannofossil record and its geological significance in the Jurassic black shales from the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau

A new record of calcareous nannofossils in Jurassic black shales from the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet comprises two series, representing shelf to basin settings. By microscopic observation, the first discovery of the family Watznaueriaceae has been made: Watznaueria fossacincta is distinguished from Watznaueria britannica. From the biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy, the sediments are characterized by paucity of assemblages, prevalence of coccospheres, and a relatively high organic content. There are two classes of preservation: poorly and moderately preserved assemblages. Total nannofossil abundance and species diversity show lower values within calcareous beds, compared to the argillaceous. Assemblage composition appears quite different in the marls and argillaceous rocks compared with the limestones. Fossil abundance and preservation are partly determined by diagenesis, selective dissolution and sedimentary environment. Dysaerobic or anoxic bottom-water conditions are indicated by coccospheres, with nannofossils the main source of hydrocarbons. The black shale facies with high organic carbon contents can be attributed to coccolithophorid high productivity and blooms, indicating that the Qiangtang black shales have a great oil-generation potential.     

The calcareous nannofossil record and its geological significance in the Jurassic black shales from the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau

A new record of calcareous nannofossils in Jurassic black shales from the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet comprises two series, representing shelf to basin settings. By microscopic observation, the first discovery of the family Watznaueriaceae has been made: Watznaueria fossacincta is distinguished from Watznaueria britannica. From the biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy, the sediments are characterized by paucity of assemblages, prevalence of coccospheres, and a relatively high organic content. There are two classes of preservation: poorly and moderately preserved assemblages. Total nannofossil abundance and species diversity show lower values within calcareous beds, compared to the argillaceous. Assemblage composition appears quite different in the marls and argillaceous rocks compared with the limestones. Fossil abundance and preservation are partly determined by diagenesis, selective dissolution and sedimentary environment. Dysaerobic or anoxic bottom-water conditions are indicated by coccospheres, with nannofossils the main source of hydrocarbons. The black shale facies with high organic carbon contents can be attributed to coccolithophorid high productivity and blooms, indicating that the Qiangtang black shales have a great oil-generation potential.     

南盘江地区紫云变形带分段特征

利用实测南盘江地区紫云变形带(镇宁-桑郎一段)的几条构造剖面及前人资料,分析了沿紫云变形带不同段落的几何学特征、变形样式及运动学特征.紫云变形带上的分段运动特点十分显著.北段(大花哨段)变形卷入地层主要为二叠系-三叠系,变形样式以一系列倾角较缓的逆冲断层和箱状、尖棱褶皱为主,表现出卷入地层相对较新、主滑脱面相对较浅(下三叠统)的表皮逆冲构造的特点.南段(紫云段)变形卷入地层为中泥盆统-三叠系,变形样式以一系列高角度逆冲断层、构造直立带和尖棱状褶皱、揉皱为主,表现为卷入地层相对较早、主滑脱面相对较深(中泥盆统)的薄皮大型倒转背斜.这种差异是由北段位于威宁断陷带和广西裂谷带的交接部位,裂陷较浅,沉积以刚性较强的浅水碳酸盐沉积为主;而南段位于广西裂谷带内,沉积以较软的盆地相泥岩、硅质岩为主造成的.解剖变形带不同段落的沉积、变形特征可更好地研究变形带不同部位的构造特征.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin, China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation po- tential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.