采动地表裂缝形成机理的数值模拟

为研究采动地表裂缝的形成机理和采动地表裂缝影响下地表移动变形分布特征.采用有限差分数值模拟软件进行模拟分析.研究表明:工作面开采后,采空区上覆岩层以梁或板的形式沿层理面法线方向移动、弯曲,当移动变形传至地表,使地表拉伸及曲率变形超过土体抗拉强度时便产生裂缝;采动地表裂缝影响下,裂缝远离采空区一盘地表移动变形值均减小,最大变形位于裂缝位置,裂缝具有集中变形特征和阻断变形传播的屏障作用.研究成果对矿区地表建(构)筑物保护、地表裂缝治理具有一定参考价值.     

采动地表动态沉陷的流变特性

大量的开采实践证明,采动上覆岩层的一定范围及地表的移动变形具有流变特性,这种特性是地表动态移动变形的主导因素。作者以Knothe理论为基础,通过Zero模型,建立覆岩移动变形的流变模型,分析地表动态移动变形特性,给出地表动态下沉盆地的移动变形预计理论及其参数。     

采动地表动态沉陷的流变特性

大量的开采实践证明，采动上覆岩层的一定范围及地表的移动变形具有流变特性，这种特性是地表动态移动变形的主导因素。作者以Knothe理论为基础，通过Zero模型，建立覆岩移动变形的流变模型，分析地表动态移动变形特性，给出地表动态下沉盆地的移动变形预计理论及其参数。     

交叠隧道施工地表变形的进化智能预测

在分析交叠隧道盾构法施工地表变形规律的基础上 ,采用进化神经网络建立了地表变形智能预测模型 ,由此预测盾构推进中下一步地表变形以给变形控制提供依据 .通过对上海地铁明珠二期交叠区间隧道上下行线施工地表变形的预测 ,表明进化智能预测具有较高精度 ,预测和实施的相关性系数达 98%以上 ,从而论证了该方法的可行性和适用性 .     

采动区砌体结构抗变形实验

以采动区上常用的三开间二层砌体结构砖混房屋为原型,取其前纵墙,缩尺比例为1:2,在专用的抗变形试验台上进行了二次地表曲率变形下砖墙的抗变形实验,得到了二次曲率变形作用下砖墙的受力和变形规律.实验结果表明,二次曲率变形对砌体结构房屋具有损伤累积作用.在一定的地表曲率作用下,实验模型所对应的砌体结构房屋,具有较好的抵抗地表曲率的作用.     

充填开采充填率与地表移动规律的数值模拟研究

为研究充填开采重要参数充填率与地表移动变形之间的关系,结合某煤矿工作面,采用FLAC3D数值模拟方法,对充填开采不同充填率条件下地表沉降规律进行了模拟计算.结果表明:充填率与下沉系数呈指数关系,与水平变形和倾斜变形呈二次函数关系,与曲率变形为指数关系;当充填率增加时,地表变形快速减小,当充填率增加到80%以上时,地表下沉及变形值减小幅度趋缓;充填开采有效改善了围岩力学环境,不同的充填率影响了覆岩"三带"的岩体力学性质,使得下沉系数及地表变形与充填率呈非线性关系.本文结论对充填开采控制地表变形,保护地面建筑物具有一定的理论参考价值和实践指导意义.     

采动区框架结构新型抗变形支座的有限元

对现有地表变形作用机理进行归纳和总结,结合机械自锁原理,设计了一种新型抗变形支座装置。并且建立框架、支座和地基有限元模型,通过有限元模拟地表变形来研究支座装置的抗变形性能。由框架柱脚内力-基础位移变化曲线图,发现一般结构随地表变形增加附加内力值也随之增大,而使用了新型抗变形支座装置的有限元模型几乎没有变形,内力变化也很小。最后得出抗变形支座装置具有保护结构不受地表变形影响的作用。     

张集煤矿11418(W)工作面开采地面沉陷演化规律

依据张集煤矿11418(W)工作面地表移动变形观测站实测数据,运用概率积分法和拟合曲线法求取下沉系数、水平移动、拐点偏移距等地表移动变形参数,获得张集煤矿8煤层开采地质采矿条件下的下沉量大、速度快、稳定快且具有突变性等地表移动变形演化规律及新特征,为地表沉陷范围和影响程度的确定提供可靠依据.     

彬长生产服务区下采空区稳定性评价研究

针对彬长生产服务区建筑群受采空区影响问题,应用数值模拟计算、覆岩变形理论分析方法,结合地表监测成果,综合计算分析了建筑群下107工作面综放开采采空区稳定性及其对建筑物的影响,分析结果表明,107工作面开采属于非充分采动,覆岩中洛河组、宜君组坚硬厚岩层对地表移动变形具有控制性的作用,由于坚硬关键层的整体变形作用,使得地表水平移动范围大于沉陷范围,地表建筑群下采空区已基本稳定.应用影响函数预计模拟方法预计分析了地表剩余移动变形,表明地表移动盆地已经处于基本稳定状态,地表剩余移动变形对建筑物影响很小.研究结果为彬长生产服务区建筑群下开采沉陷灾害治理提供了可靠地依据.     

逐层回采地表移动规律及建筑物采动损害评价研究

开展地下开采地表移动规律及对建筑物采动损害程度研究,对于地表建筑物的保护具有重要指导作用.以铜坑矿锌多金属矿体的开发利用为工程背景,运用FLAC3D程序构建多层缓倾斜薄矿体的三维数值模型,分析多层矿体逐层回采模式下地表的移动变形规律；并比照国家有关标准规定,评价地表重要建筑物的采动损害.研究表明:铜坑矿锌多金属矿体逐层回采过程地表移动幅度不断增大,但由于矿体埋藏深、厚度小,开采结束后地表最大倾斜变形、曲率变形、水平变形指标量值分别为0.008 2 mm/m、0.001 48 mm/m2、0.017 2 mm/m,均远小于国家有关规定的最大允许变形值,不会对地表建筑物的安全稳定产生显著影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.