奥氏体—铁素体区循环形变对Q235钢力学性能的影响

研究开发出了一种钢材料组织细化的新方法,即奥氏体——铁素体区循环形变,并采用自行设计的热模拟试样,研究了奥氏体——铁素体区循环形变对Q235钢力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：在大部分变形条件下,采用该方法所得到的Q235钢的抗拉强度大于500MPa,屈服强度大于400MPa,伸长率大于20%。     

Q235碳素钢超细铁素体在奥氏体内的形核

利用扫描电镜观察了Q235碳素钢形变强化相变过程中超细铁素体在奥氏体内部的形核;使用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术分析了析出的铁素体取向.结果表明,随内、外界条件不同,奥氏体内有两类典型的铁素体形核地点:形变带及奥氏体晶界附近的形变不均匀区.原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的增加,形变温度的降低有利于铁素体的形变带形核.在的超细铁素体最佳形成温度区间,靠近形变可使铁素体及第2组织均匀分布.形变带形核造成带状分布的铁素体及第2相,不仅形貌上出现方向性,铁素体取向也出现择优.     

热加工对管线钢针状铁素体组织形成的影响

以X70管线钢为实验材料,研究不同变形量和冷却速率对管线钢显微组织的影响.结果表明,在奥氏体未再结晶区进行适量的变形,从而形成位错、形变带和胞状组织等缺陷,可以增加铁素体在奥氏体晶内的形核位置和形核率,增大相变驱动力,有利于在随后的冷却过程中得到晶粒细小的针状铁素体组织;其中变形量ε2=0.4、冷却速率为30～60 ℃/s(油冷)下冷却的试样,能够得到最佳的针状铁素体组织,可以满足工程上要求组织中针状铁素体占80%以上的要求.     

不同形变速率条件下低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程铁素体超细化

研究了低碳钢过冷奥氏体在760℃,形变速率为1 s-1和10 s-1变形时组织演变规律.结果表明,形变速率为1 s-1时真应力-应变曲线双峰特征为形变强化相变和铁素体动态再结晶的表征,相变形核集中在铁素体/奥氏体相界前沿奥氏体高畸变区,晶粒长大在时间和空间上受到限制,细化能力较高;形变速率提高到10 s-1时,相变动力学提前,曲线只表现为形变强化相变的单峰特征,相变形核除了在上述铁素体/奥氏体相界前沿奥氏体高畸变区,还分布到奥氏体晶内各处,晶粒间约束有所减小,尺寸稍大.通过形变强化相变和铁素体动态再结晶可以获得平均晶粒尺寸为(1.98士1.07)μm和(2.33士1.01)μm(10 s-1)左右的微细铁素体晶粒.     

变形量及N含量对油井管用中碳V-Ti-N微合金钢显微组织的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,研究了某油井管生产工艺中张力减径过程变形量以及C和N含量对中碳V-Ti-N微合金非调质钢室温组织的影响.结果表明:HCLN钢在800℃变形量为20%、40%和60%时,对应的室温组织中铁素体的体积分数依次为17.2%、19.7%和29.9%.N质量分数为2.3×10-4时,800℃变形60%后控冷钢中铁素体的体积分数为含低N(1.1×10-4)钢的1.7倍左右,使含C0.34%的钢中铁素体含量接近于含C0.26%的钢,并使铁素体平均晶粒尺寸降低到3μm左右.变形量和钢中N含量二者增大均有利于增加钢中铁素体的数量,且二者综合运用的效果更有效.通过分析可知,800℃变形量的增大,可以提高未再结晶奥氏体晶粒内的缺陷密度,有利于过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变时为晶内铁素体形核提供更多的形核位置.N含量的增大,能够促进第二相析出物的析出,诱导晶内铁素体的析出,提高铁素体含量,并细化其晶粒尺寸.     

铌对低碳钢形变强化相变的影响

利用热模拟压缩变形实验研究了含铌钢和相应成分的低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变强化相变的组织演变规律,探讨了铌在析出状态时对形变强化相变的影响,进行了转变动力学曲线的分析. 结果表明:形变强化相变之前有Nb(CN)析出可以显著促进铁素体形核. 含铌钢的过冷奥氏体在A3～Ar3之间变形,可以得到平均晶粒尺寸为1.9 μm的形变强化相变铁素体. 其转变动力学与低碳钢相类似,以形变强化相变为主;在铁素体转变基本完成时,含铌钢的铁素体晶粒较细小.     

多道次变形对S355钢组织与相变温度的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机,对S355钢多道次变形条件下奥氏体晶粒尺寸的变化规律及冷却速度对相变温度及室温组织的影响进行了研究。结果表明：随着累积变形量的增加,变形奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,且当累积变形量增加到一定程度后,奥氏体晶粒尺寸趋于一个定值。随着变形后冷却速度的提高,相变温度Ar3与Ar1逐渐降低,铁素体晶粒尺寸也逐渐减小。     

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程组织演变机制

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程将发生形变强化相变及铁素体的动态再结晶,导致晶粒超细化.与未形变的过冷奥氏体等温转变相比,形变极大地促进了奥氏体向铁素体的转变,使铁素体形核率急剧升高,铁素体晶粒尺寸显著降低.形变强化相变是一以形核为主的过程.在形变后期,当形变强化相变铁素体转变基本完成后,将发生铁素体的动态回复和动态再结晶.比较不同应变速率对组织演变影响的结果表明,应变速率较低条件下,易形成铁素体与第2组织层状分布的条带特征;应变速率较高时,组织的条带特征不显著.     

微合金化对超细晶中厚板显微组织的影响

在Gleeble 1500热模拟机上,通过820~790℃温度范围内的多道次热压缩变形模拟了中厚板的精轧工艺,考察了不同铌、钒(氮)含量的低碳钢的组织演变过程、微合金元素的碳氮化物的析出行为和对形变诱导铁素体相变(DIFT)的影响.结果表明:变形过程中有部分奥氏体转变为铁素体,依变形的温度不同在变形间隔时间内有逆相变或亚动态相变发生;变形后快速冷却得到平均晶粒直径低于5μm的超细晶组织.单独添加钒对DIFT具有抑制作用,可以细化显微组织;钒-氮复合添加促进DIFT,但使组织粗化;添加铌基本不会抑制DIFT,能显著细化显微组织.变形后冷速越小,钢种间差距越明显.微合金化元素的作用与其在变形过程中...     

热变形奥氏体先共析铁素体的热力学计算

用超组元模型为热力学基础，计算了35CrMo结构钢合金形奥氏体→铁素体转变的亚稳碳摩尔分数xC^α/γ和xC^γ/α以及先共析铁素体析出驱动力△Gγ→α γ′，并讨论了不同的形变温度和形变速率对亚稳碳浓度和先共析铁素体析出驱动力的影响．未变形钢的先共析铁素体热力学平衡温度Ae3的计算值与实测值基本符合．分析了γ相热变形对Ae3的影响．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that