原子间相互作用对势计算合金奥氏体结合能

利用量子化学从头计算方法和半经验原子间相互作用对势,并参考“固体与分子经验电子理论”中的合金奥氏体的晶胞模型,计算出Fe-C-Mex奥氏体晶胞的结合能信息.由计算分析可知:(1)各种合金元素原子与C原子之间的结合能高于或低于Fe-C之间的结合能.由于这种差别,不同合金元素原子在固态相变中的特征行为也不同.(2)合金奥氏体中所有合金元素原子与C原子的结合能几乎都高于奥氏体中的Fe-Fe、C-C、Mex(Mey)-Mex(Mey)、Mex(Mey)-Mey(Mex)、Fe-Mex(Mey)原子之间的结合能.(3)相对γ-Fe基体而言,含有碳原子和合金元素原子的晶胞均具有较大的结合能,起固溶强化作用,而且结合能越大,对相变的阻力也越大.这种阻力和相变驱动力交互作用能改变相变产物的结构、形态和性能.     

用多极矩展开方法计算H2分子间的相互作用对势

分子间相互作用对势是利用分子动力学研究物态性质的重要基础．作者利用多极矩展开方法，获得了H2-H2的从头算相互作用对势．采用从头算分子结构程序，先计算了3种不同数目特定构型下的相互作用势，再由此荻取多极矩的展开系数，构造相互作用对势，并对不同的展开方法下荻取的H2-H2的相互作用对势进行了分析比较．     

成份及组织结构对Pr2Fe14B／α—Fe纳米晶复合永磁材料晶粒间相互作用的影响

通过测量晶粒间相互作用强度δM（H）的变化研究了Fe,B含量及组织结构对PrxFe94-xB6(x=12,10.44,9,8),Pr8Fe92-xBx(x=6,10,14)纳米复合永磁合金晶位间相互作用的影响。结果表明：Fe含量增加,使晶粒间的相互作用增强;晶粒小、尺寸接近且紧密接触,有利于产生强烈的交换耦合作用;B含量增大导致合金中在晶界处析出Pr1.1Fe4B4相,从而使晶粒间的相互作用明显减弱。     

金属离子与DNA碱基对间相互作用的理论研究

在B3LYP 6-31G(d,p)水平,全优化Li+、Na+、K+、Cu+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Ba2+、Hg2+(Cd2+、Ba2+和Hg2+用有效实势(ECP)方法处理)与鸟嘌呤(G)-胞嘧啶(C)碱基对配合物的气相结构,通过相互作用能和能量分解分析得出配合物的稳定性顺序和内在规律以及其作用机制和影响因素;后采用Onsager模型,计算在水溶液(ε=78.39)中的单点能量,讨论溶剂效应对各配合物相互作用能及各能量分解项的影响.通过分析表明主族金属离子与GC碱基对间的作用以静电相互作用为主,而副族金属离子与GC对间相互作用中共价作用的成份较大,甚至还可能占主导作用,这可能是配合物间性质及变化规律差异的根源.电荷布居及轨道分析结果均与上述结论一致.     

Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells

It is well known that B cells require T-cell help to produce specific antibody. Classic experiments suggested that antigen-specific helper T cells interact with antigen-specific B cells via an antigen 'bridge', the B cells binding to one determinant on an antigen molecule (the 'hapten'), while the T cells at the same time recognize another determinant (the 'carrier'). T-helper cells bind specifically to antigen-presenting cells (APC), which have picked up and processed the appropriate antigen, and this interaction, like the interaction of T-helper cells with specific B cells, is restricted by products encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Whereas conventional APC such as macrophages display no binding specificity for antigen, B cells have clonally distributed antigen-specific surface immunoglobulin receptors which would be expected to enhance their capacity to present antigen to T cells. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the simple 'antigen bridge' mechanism of interaction, because it is hard to visualize how the bimolecular complex (processed antigen plus MHC molecule) on the APC surface can resemble the trimolecular complex (antigen bound to surface immunoglobulin plus MHC molecule) on the B-cell surface. To address this problem, we have cloned and immortalized human antigen-specific B cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and analysed their interaction with T-cell clones specific for the same antigen. We report here that surface immunoglobulin is indeed involved in the uptake and concentration of antigen, allowing specific B cells to present antigen to T cells with very high efficiency. However, the antigen must first be internalized and processed by specific B cells and it is then presented to T cells in an MHC-restricted manner indistinguishable from that characteristic of conventional APC.     

Controlled exchange interaction between pairs of neutral atoms in an optical lattice

Ultracold atoms trapped by light offer robust quantum coherence and controllability, providing an attractive system for quantum information processing and for the simulation of complex problems in condensed matter physics. Many quantum information processing schemes require the manipulation and deterministic entanglement of individual qubits; this would typically be accomplished using controlled, state-dependent, coherent interactions among qubits. Recent experiments have made progress towards this goal by demonstrating entanglement among an ensemble of atoms confined in an optical lattice. Until now, however, there has been no demonstration of a key operation: controlled entanglement between atoms in isolated pairs. Here we use an optical lattice of double-well potentials to isolate and manipulate arrays of paired (87)Rb atoms, inducing controlled entangling interactions within each pair. Our experiment realizes proposals to use controlled exchange coupling in a system of neutral atoms. Although 87Rb atoms have nearly state-independent interactions, when we force two atoms into the same physical location, the wavefunction exchange symmetry of these identical bosons leads to state-dependent dynamics. We observe repeated interchange of spin between atoms occupying different vibrational levels, with a coherence time of more than ten milliseconds. This observation demonstrates the essential component of a neutral atom quantum SWAP gate (which interchanges the state of two qubits). Its 'half-implementation', the root SWAP gate, is entangling, and together with single-qubit rotations it forms a set of universal gates for quantum computation.     

B10和NaB10团簇的几何结构和电子性质

应用密度泛函理论（DFT）中的B3LYP方法在6-311+G（d）水平上计算并分析了B₁₀和NaB₉10)团簇的几何结构及电子性质,同时,讨论了团簇的平均结合能、能级间隙、自然电荷分布和极化率.研究表明:B₁₀团簇的基态为半平面构型,NaB₁₀团簇的基态是以B₁₀半平面为配位基,并与Na原子构成的配位络合物.能级间隙和平均结合能结果表明增加一个Na原子改变了B原子之间的成键作用.另外,对平均线性极化率和极化率的各向异性不变量研究表明:基态B₁₀团簇增加一个Na原子后NaB₁₀团簇的电子结构更趋于紧凑.     

考虑桩土效应的微型桩组合抗滑结构计算方法

针对当基于平面刚架假设对微型桩组合抗滑结构进行计算时,前排桩体的变形及内力计算结果与实际差别较大的情况,考虑桩间土体对推力的传递效果,对微型桩组合抗滑结构的变形及内力计算公式进行推导.首先采用积分法计算出后排桩的桩身挠度,然后借助考虑位移的朗肯土压力计算方法计算出后桩前部的土反力,再根据Boussinesq假设计算出前排桩身所承受的附加推力,最后采用差分法对附加推力引起的前桩的变形和内力进行计算,并与采用平面刚架假设计算出的结果叠加.结合工程实例对所采用的方法进行检验,并将计算结果与有限元计算结果进行对比,结果表明:桩身挠度差值仅为2.3mm,弯矩值基本相同,验证了计算方法的准确性.     

在WBEPM框架下Ru原子Rydberg态能级的计算

用最弱受约束电子势模型(w eakest bound e lectronpoten tia lm ode l,W BEPM)理论计算多价原子的R ydberg态能级和相应的量子数亏损。在W BEPM理论框架下,对于一个类光谱能级系列,能级只是主量子数n的函数,通过区分最弱受约束电子与非最弱受约束电子,归纳出相应的类光谱系列,将M artin关于单价原子量子亏损的公式推广到了多价原子系统。以此计算的R u原子的4d7(4F)ns(n≥28)和4d7(4F)nd(n≥26)两个R ydberg系列的能级值与实验值的相对误差均在1.71×1-0 5之内,二者符合较好。这为计算多价原子体系R ydberg态能级提供了一个简捷有效的方法。     

氯菊酯异构体的杀虫活性与电子结构比较研究

采用密度函数理论(DFT)在#PB3LYP/6—31G*计算水平上计算了氯菊酯异构体的电子结构,用分子中原子的净电荷、能量讨论了两种异构体杀虫活性的差异.     

碳化硼B4C价键电子结构研究

在固体与分子经验电子理论(EET)框架下,利用键距差(BLD)方法,选取可能的一种碳化硼晶体结构作为计算模型。计算得到符合EET理论判据的碳化硼晶体的价键电子结构。基于价键电子结构讨论了碳化硼电子结构与性能的关系。     

Calculation method of electronic structure and its application to (I h andI) fullerenes

A new calculation method was discussed to treat the Hückel Hamiltonian of any fullerene with a certain point group symmetry. This method was applied to calculating the electronic energy levels of icosahedral fullerenes C\-n(I\-h: n=60h 2, 0相似文献