多级环形热声热机的起振条件及特性

基于线性热声网络理论,推导了多级环形行波热声热机的起振条件式,并对无负载系统的起振及稳态特性进行数值模拟分析.重点研究了不同工质、充气压力、回热器丝网水力半径及热声芯级数对热声热机起振温度、自激振荡频率以及相应声功率和效率的影响.模拟结果表明:不同充气压力下均存在获得最低起振温差的最优丝网水力半径,且在最优值附近存在一个合适的选值范围,使起振温差随充气压力的增加而降低,充气压力对振荡频率的影响不大;起振温差和振荡频率均随热声热机级数的增加而减小,当回热器温差一定时,增加级数会降低单个热声芯产生的声功率和效率.在一定加热功率条件下,采用混合工质可以获得比氦气工质更低的起振温差,且能获得与氦气工质相当的高声功率,因此混合工质有利于降低热机系统的工作温度和低品位热能的利用.     

热声振荡的格子气模拟

采用二维九速的格子气模型模拟热声振荡,建立了完备的多体碰撞规则,提供了粘性和热边界的处理方法.对不同热源温度的热声振荡起振特性进行了模拟,同时也数值模拟研究了板叠两端温度随时间的响应过程.研究结果显示,碰撞规则完善与否会影响格子气的模拟结果,系统中的温度场对板叠温差的扰动存在响应滞后,温差直接影响热声振荡的起振特性.此外,低温热源对格子气模型噪声的影响更为敏感.     

热声谐振管的实验研究

以氮气为工质进行了热声谐振管的自激振荡实验 ,通过实验对热声谐振管的起振温度差、自激振荡频率和压力振幅进行了研究 ,研究结果表明 ,热声谐振管的自激振荡频率随着驻波管长度的增加而减小 ,当驻波管长为 2 .2 7m时 ,振荡频率为 65.8Hz;当驻波管长为 3 .77m时 ,振荡频率为 4 2 .1 Hz;热声谐振管的振幅随着回热器两端温度差的增加而增加 ,实验中达到的最大压力振幅为充气压力的 4 .95% ;回热器两端的起振温度差受到充气压力的影响 ,实验中当充气压力为 4× 1 0 5Pa时起振温度差最小 .     

热声发动机回热器操作因子的优化研究

研究热声热机中回热器长度和工作温度的优化方法.通过对热声学线性公式的进一步分解,提炼出一个量纲一参数———回热器操作因子.相对水力半径和回热器操作因子建立了工作频率与回热器长度及回热器水力半径之间的定量关系.通过回热器轴向尺寸和径向尺寸的一定比例缩放,使得热声系统在不同频率下实现相同的热声转换效率.以两种典型的热声发动机回热器为例,对操作因子进行优化研究,并由此得到了最佳工作效率下的回热器长度和温度分布.     

航空发动机声衬结构低温结冰与振动噪声综合环境试验研究

研究航空发动机蜂窝夹层声衬结构在强噪声和低温结冰环境下的动态特性,以及温度循环、声衬几何参数对声衬结构振动特性的影响,设计了三个声衬结构试验件。应用温度循环、结冰和强噪声耦合加载方法,得到了不同温度条件、不同厚度的未注满水的声衬结构的受迫振动特性,试验结果对研究航空发动机进气道实际工作环境下的声衬结构的抗振/抗结冰性能具有重要的参考价值。     

热声谐振管的实验研究

以氮气为工质进行了热声谐振管的自激振荡实验，通过实验对热声谐振管的起振温度差、自激振荡频率和压力振幅进行了研究，研究结果表明，热声谐振管的自激振荡频率随着驻波管长度的增加而减小，当驻波管长为２．２７m时，振荡频率为６５．８Ｈz；当驻波管长为３．７７m时，振荡频率为４２．１Ｈz；热声谐振管的振幅随着回热器两端温度差的增加而增加，实验中达到最大压力振幅为充气压力的４．９５％；回热器两端的起振温度差受到充气     

考虑温度影响的气膜阻尼结构抑振率分析

气膜阻尼能够有效抑制航空发动机叶片的多阶振动，且具有结构简单、附加质量小等优点。针对带气膜阻尼平板结构，建立了带气膜阻尼平板振动模型，推导出考虑温度影响的抑振率表达式；采用有限元法，研究了均匀温度场和非均匀温度场对气膜阻尼结构抑振率的影响。结果表明：(1)无论是在均匀温度场还是非均匀温度场下，带气膜阻尼平板均表现出较高的抑振率；在两种温度场下，平板温度由20℃增加至600℃,带气膜阻尼平板抑振率增幅均不超过10%。(2)气膜内气体温度由室温20℃增加到600℃时，带气膜阻尼平板抑振率增幅变化不超过4%,气膜内气体随温度变化对带气膜阻尼平板抑振率影响较小，可适用于不同温度环境。(3)当平板振动为二扭振型时，气膜阻尼结构抑振效果不仅大幅下降，而且吸振薄板的振动会加剧平板本身的振动，且在不同温度梯度下都可能出现。     

质子交换膜燃料电池发动机热管理特性仿真分析

为解决质子交换膜燃料电池发动机在功率变化时热管理系统温度不稳定、进出口冷却液温差大等问题，使用LMS AMESim仿真软件，以30 kW质子交换膜燃料电池发动机为基础，考虑整车的功率变化和驾驶员需求等因素，建立质子交换膜燃料电池发动机热管理系统模型。使用燃料电池发动机标定工况来分析热管理系统各个部件的冷却液温度和压力情况；采用新欧洲驾驶循环（NEDC）工况进行质子交换膜燃料电池热管理仿真测试。结果表明，所建立的热管理系统可以在NEDC工况下保持温度稳定，进出口冷却液最高温差约为5.6℃，可为质子交换膜燃料电池发动机热管理试验研究及测试提供一定的依据和指导。     

热端温度对热声发动机性能影响的数值研究

建立场协同模型,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,对1/4波长驻波热声发动机进行二维数值模拟研究,分析不同热端温度下系统内声功率的变化情况以及板叠与气体工质间的对流传热特性。研究结果表明:波动压力与体积流率幅值随着热端温度的升高而不断增大,相位差随着热端温度的升高呈下降趋势,特定结构的热声发动机对应使系统声功输出最大的最佳热端温度;随着热端温度的升高,板叠与气体工质间的换热量也不断增大,且发现声功率并不与热流量成正比,板叠存在着固定吸热与放热区域。     

红外无损检测技术在发动机缸盖热状态监测中的应用

缸盖热状态的正常与否是保证发动机可靠工作的重要因素之一.本文以某型柴油机缸盖为研究对象,确定了高、中、低3种试验工况.采用红外测温技术,检测了实机工作状态下缸盖外表层测点温度随发动机工况的变化规律.提出相对灵敏度的概念,并结合数值仿真,确定了发动机缸盖表层温度特征区域.试验和仿真结果表明,在缸盖结构以及发动机工况一定时,缸盖的所有传热边界条件也保持一定,缸盖表层温度可综合反映其整体温度场,可作为评价其热状态的依据.该研究为实现发动机缸盖热状态的在线监测提供了新的途径,同时也拓展了红外检测技术的应用领域.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.