改进粒子滤波器的移动机器人同步定位与地图构建方法

传统的基于粒子滤波器的移动机器人同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)方法往往随着迭代次数的增加会产生粒子退化的问题,提出了一种基于人工鱼群算法与定向重采样思想的改进的粒子滤波器用于移动机器人SLAM问题。方法首先将人工鱼群算法引入到粒子滤波器中,从而使得粒子分布在重采样之前就更加接近真实情况,然后利用定向重采样的方法,使得新产生的粒子更加接近于真实的运动情况,从而提高了机器人的位置估计精度与地图创建精度。仿真实验结果证明了该方法能够得到更多的有效粒子,而且能够提高粒子的多样性,并且提高SLAM性能。     

基于粒子群优化的移动机器人SLAM方法

针对传统Rao-Blackwellized粒子滤波器存在的粒子消耗问题,提出了一种基于粒子群优化的移动机器人同步定位与制图方法. 该方法在粒子重采样过程中利用粒子群优化算法获得机器人位姿的建议分布,并引入遗传算法中的交叉和变异操作对求得的粒子集进一步优化、调整. 改进后的粒子分布保持了粒子的多样性,有效提高了机器人位姿估计的一致性. 仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法与传统Rao-Blackwellized粒子滤波器相比,能有效解决粒子耗尽问题,使机器人获得更精准的定位和更准确的地图,具有可行性、实用性.      

基于粒子滤波器的室内移动机器人自定位

针对里程计和超声波传感器构建地图时由于累积误差易造成的地图扭曲失真,引入红外定位传感器作为绝对路标信息,生成全局拓扑地图,并在此基础上利用贝叶斯理论进行局部栅格地图的构建,混合地图减小了里程计的累积误差,提高了地图的稳定性.在此栅格地图中,采用改进的粒子滤波器进行定位.基于大权值粒子及周围空间描述机器人位姿置的概率更大的思想,提出了大权值自适应算法,较好地解决了传统粒子滤波器迭代过程中的退化问题.实验结果表明,在250 cm×500 cm的区域内,绝对路标栅格定位方法能够准确生成地图,改进的粒子滤波器的定位误差小于2 cm.     

一种新的粒子群算法与人工鱼群算法的混合算法

通过分析粒子群算法和人工鱼群算法的优缺点,利用粒子群算法收敛速度快及人工鱼群算法能较好地收敛到全局最优解的特点,提出了一种新的混合算法.算法以粒子群为基础进行设计,根据人工鱼群的公告板、群聚和随行策略的模式对粒子群进行速度与位置变更,使原有的粒子群变成具有一定智能的粒子,从而达到提高搜索精度及效率的目的.通过Generalize-Schwefel等3个经典函数进行优化仿真后发现,该混合算法具有搜索精度更高及收敛速度更快的特点,同时该算法在求解高维问题时具有明显优势.     

基于粒子滤波的移动机器人SLAM算法

针对FastSLAM算法对传感器精度要求较高,不适用于方向性差的超声传感器问题,提出了一种基于超声概率栅格地图环境特征点提取匹配的移动机器人粒子滤波同时定位与地图创建(SLAM)算法.该算法可分解为机器人位姿估计和环境路标估计2个部分.基于蒙特卡罗定位原理利用粒子滤波算法对机器人运动轨迹进行估计;在建立全局超声概率栅格地图的基础上,利用概率栅格地图环境特征提取算法对环境路标坐标进行估计.实验证明,该算法较好地解决了超声测距传感器由于散射角大带来的特征点估计不准的问题,对环境路标和机器人轨迹的估计都比较准确.并对移动机器人累计误差进行了有效的补偿,减少了由于累积误差造成的移动机器人轨迹扭曲失真.     

粒子群优化的多机器人协作定位方法

针对异质多机器人具有不同的感知能力和处理能力的特点,提出一种基于粒子群优化的多机器人协作相对定位方法.该方法将常规粒子滤波方法与粒子群优化算法有机结合,通过粒子群优化方法对预估粒子进行更新,同时利用多机器人之间的相对观测信息,调整粒子的提议分布和粒子权重,增强多机器人位置预测的有效性,提高多机器人定位的精度.实时数据实验结果表明:该方法正确、可行.     

栅格地图中基于改进粒子滤波的SLAM

针对移动机器人在未知环境中导航时由于机器人本身位置不确定、所处环境不可预知等问题,提出了一种在栅格地图中基于改进粒子滤波的SLAM定位算法.首先利用贝叶斯规则更新环境信息;然后利用改进粒子滤波对机器人进行定位,地图更新和机器人定位交替进行,直到将整个环境探测完毕.仿真结果表明:该算法在SLAM中增强了实时性,比较精确地...     

基于粒子滤波器的移动机器人惯导传感器故障诊断

提出一种粒子滤波器方法用于诊断移动机器人惯性导航系统传感器故障.该方法将基于规则的推理与多粒子滤波器结合,利用规则推理确定机器人运动状态,每一种运动状态用一个粒子滤波器监视.该方法有效地解决了单个粒子滤波器难以表示复杂逻辑的问题,降低了每个粒子滤波器的粒子数,从而提高了诊断效率和精度.对移动机器人在5种平面运动状态下(静止、直线运动、转动等)的8种工作模式(包括1种正常工作模式和7种故障模式)进行监视的仿真结果表明,采用所提出的方法可以有效地识别惯导系统的1个或多个硬故障.     

基于分布式无味边缘粒子滤波的同步定位与地图构建

针对复杂环境下同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)中分布式粒子滤波算法存在计算量大、粒子退化严重的问题,在分布式算法的基础上结合无味粒子滤波和边缘化算法,提出了一种基于分布式无味边缘粒子滤波的算法.该算法依据分布式思想将系统分解为多个仅包含部分状态量的子系统,各子系统均采用无味粒子滤波算法进行状态估计,通过边缘化算法优化无味粒子滤波算法的边缘分布函数,主滤波器融合各子滤波器的数据计算最终结果,克服了滤波精度低、计算复杂度高的问题.最后,通过仿真试验证明改进的分布式边缘粒子滤波算法能够抑制粒子退化现象,具有较好的实时性和滤波精度,是解决SLAM的新的有效方法.     

一种改进的边缘粒子滤波SLAM方法

提出了一种改进的同时定位与地图创建(SLAM)方法--遗传优化Marginal-SLAM算法用于机器人导航,将Marginal-SLAM算法与遗传算法相结合,继承了Marginal-SLAM算法权值方差较低的优点对粒子集进行优化,进一步提高了算法的综合性能.将地图视为模型的参数,并由递归极大似然估计法得到,位姿估计采用边缘粒子滤波方法求取.设计了一种与Marginal-SLAM算法兼容的遗传算法,融合最新的观测信息来优化粒子集,同时兼顾粒子集的多样性,提高了粒子集的性能.仿真实验表明,该遗传优化Marginal-SLAM算法在有效粒子数和权值方差方面都很好的表现,路径和地图估计的精度也有一定提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.