细基江蓠原变型与细基江蓠繁枝变型制取琼胶的比较研究

本文采用三种碱处理方法对细基江蓠原变型、混养细基江蓠繁枝变型和单养细基江蓠繁枝变型进行了对比研究。得出"中温浓碱法"为提高三种江蓠琼胶凝胶强度的较好工艺,而"常温浓碱法"的产率较好."中温浓碱法"三种江蓠琼胶的产率及凝胶强度分别为(次序同上,下同):38.6%、691g/cm²、13.1%、637g/cm²,13.9%、557g/cm²,"常温浓碱法",三种江蓠琼胶的产率及凝胶强度分别是:47.6%、509g/cm²,19.5%、414g/cm²,25.9%,326g/cm²。     

UVC LED的杀菌特性研究及应用

为了研究UVC LED杀菌能力的影响因素和应用条件,在不同作用时间和作用距离下使用UVC LED对大肠杆菌进行灭菌处理,并计算杀菌率.实验结果表明,UVC LED的杀菌能力随紫外辐射剂量减小呈指数减小,受到紫外辐射通量、辐照时间、辐照距离三者影响;以本实验光源为例,当辐照时间与辐照距离平方之比大于20/10^-2 s/cm²时,UVC LED的杀菌率能够达到99%以上;UVC LED不能通过产生臭氧起到杀菌作用,因此只适用于表面杀菌.通过经验公式,可对UVC LED的使用条件进行估算.基于此,设计了一台紫外杀菌装置样机.     

原位合成NiCo-MOF/MXene材料的电容性能研究

在不使用任何黏合剂的情况下,将镍钴双金属有机框架材料(NiCo-metal organic framework,NiCo-MOF)和MXene材料附着在泡沫镍(nickel foam,NF)表面,合成了高性能电极材料,这两种材料结合生长出的层状结构有利于离子的快速传导,减少了活性材料的无效堆砌,同时表现出理想的电化学性能。当投入原料的镍钴物质的量之比为1∶2时,制得的电极材料在5 mA/cm²的电流密度下表现出4.96 C/cm²的优良比电容。得到的电极与活性炭(activated carbon,AC)负极组装成不对称超级电容器后,在10.09 W/cm²的功率密度下,得到的超级电容器的能量密度可达到1 530 mWh/cm²,并且当功率密度升高到102.29 W/cm²时,能量密度仍可以保持在770 mWh/cm²。在15 mA/cm²的电流密度下,经过5 000次充放电循环后,不对称超级电容器的电容保持率为98.52%。     

泡沫镍上原位生长CoMn2O4多级空心纳米球作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能研究

采用水热法结合空气气氛中的热处理过程,在泡沫镍（NF）表面生长了锰酸钴（CoMn₂O₄）多级空心纳米球,通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等测试手段对纳米球进行了表征.在三电极电化学测量系统中,0.1Co²⁺-250电极材料在5 mA·cm^-2时的面积比电容高达6 184 mF·cm^-2.以0.1Co²⁺-250为正极,商用活性炭（AC）为负极组装而成的混合超级电容器,在1.6 mW·cm^-2时的最大能量密度为0.112 mWh·cm^-2.即使在功率密度为16 mW·cm^-2时,能量密度仍达到0.064 mWh·cm^-2.在2 mA·cm^-2的电流密度下,经过10 000次充放电循环后,电容保持了初始值的93%.因其优越的电化学性能和低成本的便捷合成方法,CoMn₂O₄多级空心纳米球作为电极材料具有重要的应用前景.     

高载量钴离子掺杂MnO2用于高性能锌离子混合电容器

通过恒流电沉积的方法在柔性碳布上制备了钴离子掺杂的MnO₂，其负载量达到13.8 mg/cm²。利用X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffractometer, XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, XPS）和电化学工作站等对材料的结构和性能进行表征，探究了钴离子掺杂对MnO₂电化学性能的影响。结果表明，当该电极与活性炭组装成液态锌离子混合电容器（zinc ion hybrid capacitors, Zn-HCs）时，Zn-HCs在2 mA/cm²的电流密度下，面积比电容高达5 883.0 mF/cm²，面积能量密度为3 154.9 μWh/cm²，与锌离子电池的能量水平相当。当该电极与活性炭组装成准固态柔性Zn-HCs时，Zn-HCs具有较好能量密度（在1 mW/cm²的功率密度下达1 351.1 μWh/cm² ）的同时具有优异的机械柔韧性，使Zn-HCs有望应用于新一代的柔性可穿戴设备。     

WBEPM理论中确定Rydberg能级微扰谱项的方法

在最弱受约束电子势模型理论下,分析了组态相互作用对高激发态Rydberg系列量子亏损值的影响,通过研究量子亏损 δ_n 随 m^-2 的变化规律,得到了确定外来微扰谱项位置的一般方法.依此确定了ArⅠ原子的3p⁵（²P_3/2）np（n≥12）［1/2］₁ 和3p⁵（2P_3/2）nd（n≥8）［1/2］⁰₁两个Rydberg能级系列的外来微扰谱项,利用最弱受约束电子势模型理论计算了该系列的量子亏损和能级.计算结果与实验值符合较好,绝对误差一般都小于1cm^-1,达到了较高的精度.     

桶型3He中子探测器探测效率标定装置设计分析研究

基于后处理生产的³He中子探测器,开展了桶型中子探测效率标定装置的材料选择及功能结构设计分析,使用MCNP程序构建了装置及³He探测器的相关计算模型,根据生产过程及设计需求,分别分析了桶型中子探测效率标定装置慢化层的慢化效果,及不同位置多根³He管中子探测器的探测效率,并计算了源管、探测器上方及屏蔽体周围的剂量,结果表明该装置的慢化能力及屏蔽效果良好,放射性剂量水平满足辐射防护要求。     

Al/Pb-WC-ZrO2复合电极材料的电化学性能研究

 研究了电镀液中固体微粒质量浓度及工艺条件对Al/Pb-WC-ZrO₂复合电极材料的表面化学组成及稳态析氧极化曲线的影响规律,对上述工艺条件进行了优化,优化后的工艺条件如下:WC:50 g/L,ZrO₂:40g/L,温度:20℃,电流密度:1.5 A/dm²,电沉积时间:2 h.所获得Al/Pb-WC-ZrO₂复合电极材料的析氧动力学参数为:a=771 mV,b=140 mV,i⁰=3.11×10^-6A·cm^-2,并且电极的析氧过电位为η=1 009 mV,复合镀层中WC和ZrO₂质量分数分别为10.02%和3.55%.     

Performance degradation of GaAs multi quantum well solar cells after proton irradiation

The performance degradation of GaAs multi quantum well solar cells (MQWSCs) has been studied using 2 MeV proton irradiation with fluences from 3×10⁹ to 2×10¹³ p/cm². The results have shown that the spectral response of MQWSCs clearly reduces in the short wavelength side after the proton irradiation，and the experimentally determined absolute ΔV_oc loss was found to be a good match to a model which describes the absolute ΔV_oc. The cells are seen to display good irradiation tolerance for the degradation rate of the Pmax under the irradiation with a high fluence of 3×10¹¹ p/cm² being only 25%.     

Fabrication of MgB2 superconducting films by different methods

MgB₂ superconducting films have been successfully fabricated on single crystal MgO(111) and c-AL₂O₃ substrates by different methods. The film deposited by pulsed laser deposition is c-axis oriented with zero resistance transition temperature of 38.4 K, while the other two films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and electrophoresis are c-axis textured with the zero resistance transition temperature of 38 K and 39 K, respectively. Magnetization hysteresis measurements yield critical current density J_c of 10⁷ A/cm² at 15 K in zero field for the thin film and of 10⁵ A/cm² for the thick film. For the thin film deposited by chemical vapor deposition, the microwave surface resistance at 10 K is found to be as low as 100 μΩ, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature superconducting thin film of YBCO.     

质子剂量微分谱预估空间辐射剂量

利用M on te C arlo方法结合小体积元人体模型对航天员空间质子辐射剂量进行估算。使用核磁共振全身扫描图像,通过识别组织器官,再利用参考人数据,建立由4mm×4mm×4mm小体积元组成的人体模型。该人体模型包括23种辐射敏感器官,并用查找表技术压缩模型数据。使用GEANT 4 M on te C arlo程序包,结合该模型,计算得到各个组织器官单能质子入射下的微分剂量估计谱库。对空间质子微分注量谱和微分剂量能谱积分,得到空间辐射剂量估计值。估算出1972年8月太阳质子事件的皮肤当量剂量为9 256 cSv,与文献值9 350 cSv相近,验证了算法的可行性。     

放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核变化结果分析

采用微量全血常规培养法测定放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核。结果显示,其平均微核细胞率、平均微核率均高于常人;女性放射工作人员的平均微核细胞率和平均微核率明显高于男性。低剂量电离辐射能引起放射工作人员周围血淋巴细胞微核率的升高,因此应加强放射工作人员的防护。     

Corrosion study of resorbable Ca60Mg15Zn25 bulk metallic glasses in physiological fluids

The corrosion activity of amorphous plates of Ca_(60)Mg_(15)Zn_(25)alloy was investigated.The biocompatible elements were selected for the alloy composition.The electrochemical corrosion and immersion tests were carried out in a multi-electrolyte fluid and Ringer's solution.Better corrosion behavior was observed for the samples tested in a multi-electrolyte fluid despite the active dissolution of Ca and Mg in Ringer's solution.The experimental results indicated that reducing concentration of NaCl from 8.6 g/dm~3for Ringer's solution to 5.75 g/dm~3caused the decrease of the corrosion rate.The volume of the hydrogen evolved after 480 min in Ringer's solution(40.1 ml/cm~2)was higher in comparison with that obtained in a multi-electrolyte fluid(24.4 ml/cm~2).The values of opencircuit potential(E_(OCP))for the Ca_(60)Mg_(15)Zn_(25)glass after 1 h incubation in Ringer's solution and a multielectrolyte fluid were determined to be-1553 and-1536 m V vs.a saturated calomel electrode(SCE).The electrochemical measurements indicated a shift of the corrosion current density(j_(corr))from 1062μA/cm~2for the sample tested in Ringer's solution to 788μA/cm~2for the specimen immersed in a multi-electrolyte fluid.The corrosion products analysis was conducted by using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion products were identified to be CaCO_3,Mg(OH)_2,CaO,MgO and Zn O.The mechanism of corrosion process was proposed and described based on the microscopic observations.The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)also indicated that Ca(OH)_2,CaCO_3,Zn(OH)_2and Ca(Zn(OH)_3)_2·2H_2O mainly formed on the surface of the studied alloy.     

三聚磷酸二氢铝二水物的合成和表征

用磷酸和氢氧化铝为原料制备三聚磷酸二氢铝二水物。用X-衍射、红外光谱、化学分析、DTA-TG结合X-ray分析,证明产品的化学结构式为AlH2P3O10*2H2O。其晶体结构属正交晶系,空间群为PZ1/bZ1/aZ/m,D92h,晶胞参数a=15.919×10-8 cm,b=8.884×10-8cm,c=9.936×10-8 cm,单位晶胞体积V=1 405×10-8 cm3,Z=6。防绣性能测试表明其防锈能力与红丹颜料相当。毒理学试验表明该颜料半致死量LD50=18.0 g/kg(小白鼠),属实际无毒级,符合食品容器及儿童玩具涂装的要求。     

Super solar particle event around AD775 was found

A rapid radiocarbon14C increase of 120/00in AD774–775 has been reported in cedar and oak tree rings.So far,the origin of the14C increase is still uncertain and the possible origin is either supernova or solar particle event.The most possible origin of14C increase is strong solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections(CMEs)with strong particles emission.Comprehensive approaches to identify the strong historical solar particle events based on the rapid14C/10Be increase in tree/coral rings and ice cores,long duration strong auroras and geomagnetic storms are introduced.Evidence of the super auroras in AD775 was first found in a Chinese Chronicles Jiutangshu and it supports the views that the rapid14C increase and strong auroras around AD775 are most possibly caused by strong solar storms with intense particles emission.It was identified that the solar event around AD775 would be the strongest solar particle event in the past 11400 years.The discovery is significant for the research on the history of solar activities,space weather and forecast,radiation of solar energetic particles and protection.     

基于同步辐射白光形貌术和X射线迹线法的6H-SiC单晶结构缺陷研究

[目的]SiC材料结构缺陷的检测和控制是实现材料应用的关键环节,因此本文对6H-SiC单晶中的结构缺陷进行研究。[方法]采用同步辐射白光形貌术观察6H-SiC单晶中的基本螺位错和基平面弯曲,并利用X射线迹线法模拟基本螺位错的形貌和基平面弯曲后衍射斑点的形状。[结果]6H-SiC单晶中的典型结构缺陷之一为基本螺位错,它的形貌特征为白色的圆斑;由于热弹应力的存在,6H-SiC单晶在生长过程中容易发生基平面弯曲,结果导致衍射斑点的形状发生改变。[结论]同步辐射白光形貌术和X射线迹线法可以用于检测6H-SiC单晶结构缺陷;样品的基本螺位错密度为1.56×10~4/cm~2,基平面弯曲半径近似为1m。     

中国载人航天空间环境监测系统的发展

 空间环境是航天器的运行环境,直接关系到航天员和航天器的安全。监测、研究和预报空间环境,是保障航天员、航天器安全的一项重要手段。国内外载人航天工程逐步开展了辐射剂量、带电粒子、轨道大气、等离子体、空间碎片等空间环境参数探测。结合中国载人航天工程发展历程和阶段,着重介绍了中国神舟飞船、目标飞行器的空间环境探测研究情况,提出了后续空间站空间环境探测研究的建议。     

5,5’-偶氮四唑-5-氮氧化物钠五水合物的晶体结构及相关理论研究

化合物5,5’-偶氮四唑钠（2）在稀盐酸中分解得到5-肼基四唑盐酸盐（3）,5-肼基四唑盐酸盐与氢氧化钠中和后除去产物中的NaCl,在甲醇中重结晶得到5,5’-偶氮四唑-5-氮氧化物钠五水合物（4）,采用MS,元素分析等对这些化合物进行表征. 用X射线单晶衍射法测定获得了化合物 3 和4的晶体数据. 化合物3属于单斜晶系,P2（1）/n空间群,其晶胞参数a=0.438（2）nm,b=2.395 6（2）nm,c=0.493 6（2）nm,Z=4,V=0.546（4）nm3,D_c=1.659 g/cm3,F（000）=280;化合物 4属于三单斜晶系,P-1空间群,其晶胞参数a=0.715 81（19） nm,b=0.766 3（2）nm,c=1.193 3（4） nm,Z=2,V=0.602 7（3） nm3,D_c=1.742 g/cm3,F（000）=324.      

Radiation dose rate estimates to marine biota resulting from the routine radioactive releases of the nuclear power plants in Daya Bay

Five marine organisms in Daya Bay are selected for estimating the dose rates. Internal exposure and its 5 pathways are also considered. The concentrations of 43 kinds of background and additional radionuclides in seawater are from the survey of background radioactivity and the prediction of routine radioactive releases of the 4 reactors. Point source dose distribution functions are used to estimate the dose rates to various organisms from α and β radiation. Monte-Carlo method is used to determine the absorbed fractions in the organisms from γ radiation. Results indicate that the background dose rates are 2.72 mGya · a^-1 to phytoplankton and 1.75 mGy · a^-1 to zooplankton. The dose rates to other organisms are in the range of 0.31–0. 49 mGy · a^-1. The additional dose rates from the routine releases are varied to different organisms. They reach the range of 5.7–6.1 times of the background dose rates to benthic crustaceans and mollusks, which are 8.3%–15.3% to fishes, and only 0.2% to plankton. β internal irradiation from additional radionuclides is the critical pathway to plankton.¹³¹I and⁶⁰Co are the major contributors to zooplankton, while¹⁰³Ru,⁶⁰Co and⁵⁸Co are the main contributors to phytoplankton. γ external irradiation from sediment is the critical pathway to benthic organisms.⁵⁸Co and⁶⁰Co are the main contributors. The main pathways to fishes are internal β and γ irradiation.¹²⁴Sb is the critical radionuclide.     

~(60)Coγ射线辐射制备菲涅尔透镜

采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯为主单体,丙烯酸甲酯为共聚单体,利用60Coγ射线辐射聚合技术制备菲涅尔透镜.研究了辐射剂量、辐射剂量率、交联剂和单体组成对菲涅尔透镜光学性能的影响.结果表明,采用辐射聚合方法制备菲涅尔透镜时,选择适宜的辐射剂量(35kGy)和辐射剂量率(84.40Gy/min),所制备的菲涅尔透镜具有优异的光学性能.