The subfamily Cladonotinae (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from China with description of a new monotypic genus

The genus Tetradinodula Zha gen. nov. (type species: T. bambusae Zha sp. nov.) is described from the Baiqing Nature Preserve, Tongzi County, Guizhou Province, China. Ecology and habits of the new species are discussed. Genera of Cladonotinae from China are reviewed and a revised key for identifying the genera of Chinese Cladonotinae is presented.

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EDEEECE8-9828-4C8E-829E-98089F58469E     

The psyllid genus Pseudophacopteron (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from China

The Chinese fauna represents a small portion of the species diversity of the psyllid genus Pseudophacopteron (Phacopteronidae) of the world. Here, Pseudophacopteron from China is revised, and four species are recognized. Pseudophacopteron quinquipannis sp. nov. is described; Pseudophacopteron alstonium is synonymized with Pseudophacopteron tuberculatum; Pseudophacopteron album, Pseudophacopteron aphanamixis and P. tuberculatum are redescribed. Comparison is made between the four species and Phacopteron. The latter possesses unsplit fields of radular spinules in cells m₁, m₂ and cu₁ of the fore wing, and thick tibiae covered by dense long and slender setae, which are different from Pseudophacopteron.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:08B185EB-462F-46CF-B4CB-B733D1E1A864     

Two new marine species from South Korea with remarks on the family Stylochidae (Acotylea,Polycladida, Plathelminthes)

Two new species of acotylean Polycladida are described from Korea, Munseoma maculata gen. et sp. nov., Callioplanidae, and Crytostylochus koreensis sp. nov., Stylochidae. Munseoma maculata is characterized by a small free prostatic vesicle but only indistinctly cut off from the ejaculatory duct; a Lang's vesicle is present. Crytostylochus koreensis possesses a prostatic vesicle with tubular lining of radial arrangement. Each papillate tube is connected via a glandular duct to a single extra‐vesicular gland attached to the muscular wall of the prostatic vesicle. That morphological feature forces discussion of the relationships within the family Stylochidae. Consequently, type material of other stylochids deposited in the museums of Hamburg, Vienna, and Stockholm was borrowed to investigate the genital organs and, in particular, the interior lining of the prostatic vesicle. Based on these analyses, two new types of prostatic lining are defined, the polyglandular type and the monoglandular type. The monoglandular type is defined as having an oval to elongate prostatic vesicle with tubular lining and extra‐vesicular glands. Each extra‐vesicular gland is connected via a glandular duct with a single tube. The polyglandular type is defined as having a mostly roundish oval prostatic vesicle with long‐fingered extensions, more or less horizontally directed distad, and numerous extra‐vesicular glands. Each long‐fingered extension is connected via several glandular ducts of extra‐vesicular glands. Based on these new characters, the family Stylochidae is newly defined.     

Morphometry and chaetotaxy of the nymphs of Ectemnostega (Ectemnostegella) quechua (Bachmann 1961) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Corixidae)

The egg and the five nymphal instars of Ectemnostega quechua are described and illustrated for the first time. The eggs of Ectemnostega have a short stalk, and the shape, size and chorionic structure differ among groups of species. The nymphal characters most useful in identifying instars I–V of Ectemnostega are: body length; number of rostrum sulcations; number of setae on inner surface of protibiotarsus; spines and setae, and spines on posteroventral surface of mesofemur and mesotibia, respectively; setae on posterodorsal surface of mesotibia and mesotarsus; spines and setae on anteroventral surface and setae on posterior surface of metatibia; swimming hairs on anteroventral and posterodorsal surfaces of metatarsus; and the grade of development of wing pads. The nymphs of E. quechua can be easily distinguished from other species of Ectemnostega by the number of spines and setae on the posteroventral surface of mesofemur.     

Description of the immature stages of Sigara (Tropocorixa) santiagiensis (Hungerford, 1928) (Insecta: Heteroptera: Corixidae)

The immature stages of Sigara santiagiensis are described and illustrated for the first time. The eggs of Sigara can be distinguished by the chorionic surface. The main characters separating the five nymphal instars of S. santiagiensis are: body and head lengths; body, head and eye widths; ocular index; numbers of transverse sulcations of the rostrum, setae on the inner surface of protibiotarsus, campaniform sensilla on posterior surface of protrochanter, spines on posteroventral surface of mesotibia and on tibial comb of metaleg, long, slender setae on posterodorsal surface of mesotarsus, spines and swimming hairs on anteroventral and posterodorsal surfaces of metatarsus; and grade of development of the wing pads. The body length, the chaetotaxy of the mesonotum, profemora and metafemora, protibiotarsus, metatibia, metatarsus and urosternites distinguish species or group of species of instars I and V of some of the species of the genus Sigara described up to now.     

Chinese psyllids in the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) associated with Spiraea (Rosaceae)

The Chinese Cacopsylla species associated with Spiraea are revised. Three new species (Cacopsylla falcata sp. nov., C. nocturna sp. nov. and C. qilianensis sp. nov.) are described, and two [C. hyalinonemae Li and Yang, 1989 and C. spiraeicola (Li, 2011) comb. nov.] are redescribed. A new combination is also proposed for Cacopsylla tetrotaenialis (Li and Yang, 1989) comb. nov. Among the five species, C. falcata and C. qilianensis are affirmed to develop on Spiraea, as fifth instar immatures were found. The host plants of the other species remain uncertain. Based on morphological grounds, it is suggested that C. falcata and C. nocturna are closely related, but that the five species associated with Spiraea do not constitute a monophyletic group.     

Revision of Chaetarthria Stephens (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) in China,with a key to the species in the Oriental Region

ABSTRACT

Five species of Chaetarthria, are reported from China, of which one new species, C. kuiyanae sp. nov. from Yunnan, is described. Three other species, C. almorana from Yunnan, C. saundersi from Hainan, Jiangxi and Hong Kong, and C. malickyi from Yunnan, are additions to the Chinese fauna. C. indica is recorded for the first time from Jiangxi, Yunnan and Guangdong Provinces. In addition, Chaetarthria sp. from Guangxi is described based on three female specimens. A key to Chinese Chaetarthria Stephens is provided.

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Revision of the genus Lepidastheniella Monro, 1924 (Polychaeta: Polynoidae: Lepidastheniinae) with notes on the subfamily Lepidastheniinae and the description of a new species

The present revision covers all known species of the genus Lepidastheniella Monro, 1924 (i.e. Lepidastheniella comma (Thomson, 1902), L. phillippensis Monro, 1924 and L. monroi Benham, 1950). The comparison of the available type material showed that L. monroi is a junior synonym of L. comma and that specimens from a collection of scale worms from off Shimoda (Japan) belong to the new species L. nishii sp. nov. described herein. The generic diagnosis of Lepidastheniella is emended and an identification key to all valid species given. Additionally, the subfamily affiliation of Lepidastheniella is discussed, distinctive characters of all genera belonging to the subfamily Lepidastheniinae Pettibone, 1989 are described, and an identification key to these genera is given.     

XVIII.—Some notes concerning the male of Dexamine thea,Boeck

Osteochilotrema malayae gen. nov. sp. nov. (Osteochilotrematinae subfam. nov.) from the intestine of Osteochilus hasselti in Malaysia is described. It is characterized mainly by the symmetrical extracaecal testes and the structure of the male terminal ducts. Protocladorchis pangasii is reported from Pangasius pangasius, Barbus daruphani, B. tambroides and from Malaysia for the first time. It is redescribed and the generic diagnosis amended. Helostomatis indica is reported from O. hasselti in Malaysia, both new records. The subfamily and generic diagnoses are amended. Orientodiscus jumnai was recovered from new hosts, B. tambroides and P. micronemus, and is new for Malaysia.     

A revision of Hesiospina (Psamathini,Hesionidae, Polychaeta)

Hesiospina Imajima and Hartman, 1964 Imajima, M and Hartman, O. 1964. The polychaetous annelids of Japan. Part 1. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications, Occasional Paper, 26: 1–166.  [Google Scholar] (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Polychaeta) is revised based on examination of all available types, other museum specimens and a large number of newly collected specimens from world-wide areas. Two species are recognized and redescribed, Hesiospina aurantiaca (Sars, 1862 Sars, M. 1862. Uddrag af en af detaillerade Afbildningar ledsaget udførlig Beskrivelse over følgende Norske Annelider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabsselskabet i Kristiania, 1862: 87–95.  [Google Scholar]), new combination, and H. vestimentifera Blake, 1985 Blake, J. A. 1985. Polychaeta from the vicinity of deep-sea geothermal vents in the eastern Pacific. I. Euphrosinidae, Phyllodocidae, Hesionidae, Nereididae, Glyceridae, Dorvilleidae, Orbiniidae, and Maldanidae. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 6: 67–101.  [Google Scholar]. The currently used name Hesiospina similis (Hessle, 1925 Hessle, C. 1925. Einiges über die Hesioniden und die Stellung der Gattung Ancistrosyllis. Arkiv för Zoologi, 17: 1–36.  [Google Scholar]) is treated as a junior synonym of both Hesiospina aurantiaca and Castalia longicornis Sars, 1862 Sars, M. 1862. Uddrag af en af detaillerade Afbildningar ledsaget udførlig Beskrivelse over følgende Norske Annelider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabsselskabet i Kristiania, 1862: 87–95.  [Google Scholar]. A lectotype is designated for H. aurantiaca, and the same specimen is used as neotype for C. longicornis, making the two objective synonyms. Hesiospina aurantiaca is widely distributed and recorded from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, European Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, Japan, Papua New Guinea, the Great Barrier Reef, and New Caledonia, mainly from shallow waters, but down to over 500?m depth. Whereas there are some differences between populations from different regions, including distribution of uni- and bidentate chaetae, the different populations are not characterized by any obvious apomorphies and are treated as a single species. Hesiospina vestimentifera is associated with hydrothermal vents and is widely distributed in the east Pacific.     

A revision of Micropodarke (Psamathini,Hesionidae, Polychaeta)

Micropodarke Okuda, (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Polychaeta) is revised based on examination of all available types, other museum specimens, and a large number of newly collected specimens from Japan, Hong Kong, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, California, the west coast of Canada, and the Red Sea. The previous synonymy of Micropodarke amemiyai Okuda, with M. dubia (Hessle, ) is substantiated, and M. trilobata Hartmann‐Schröder, is newly synonymized with M. dubia, leaving Micropodarke monotypic. A lectotype is selected for M. dubia. Micropodarke dubia is identified by the apomorphies of a proboscis diaphragm, segmental ventral adhesive papillae, distally nobbed and slightly curved neuroaciculae, and median neurochaetae with few, basally situated prolonged teeth (“spurs”), with abrupt transition to the following, much shorter teeth. Micropodarke dubia has a main distribution in the tropical and warm temperate Indo‐Pacific region, and appears to be absent from the Atlantic Ocean.     

A revision of the genus Siamthelphusa Bott, 1968 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae), with descriptions of five new species from Thailand

The taxonomy of the northern Peninsular Malaysian and Thai freshwater crab genus Siamthelphusa Bott, 1968 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae) is revised. Nine species are recognized: S. improvisa (Lanchester, 1901), S. holthuisi Naiyanetr and Ng, 1990, S. retimanus n. sp., S. paviei (De Man, 1898), S. acutidens n. sp., S. faxoni (Rathbun, 1905), S. transversa n. sp., S. nan n. sp., and S. variegata n. sp. A neotype is designated for S. improvisa (Lanchester, 1901), the type species of the genus.     

Two new species of nematode (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) from Australian lizards (Reptilia: Scincidae: Gekkonidae)

Two new species of physalopterid nematodes are described from a skink (Scincidae) and a gecko (Gekkonidae) from the West Australian desert. Kreisiella chrysocampa gen. et sp. nov. (Spirurida: Physaloperidae) from Egernia inornata is characterized by the possession of a row of straight parallel denticles along the medial pseudolabial margins, male caudal alae unsupported by papillae, a truncated female tail and an anteriorly-placed vulva. The original female specimen of Physaloptera heterocephala Kreis, 1940 is transferred to this genus. In Physalopteroides filicauda sp. nov. (Physalopteridae) from Nephrurus laevissimus the external apical tooth present in immature worms is represented in adults by a knob-like structure, larger on the left pseudolabium. Both sexes possess a long slender tail terminating in a small knob. The spicules are markedly dissimilar and the vulva is surrounded anteriorly and posteriorly by horizontal rows of tubercules.     

Revision of the millipede genus Xystodesmus,with reference to the status of the tribe Xystodesmini (Diplopoda: Xystodesmidae)

On the basis of morphometrics and geographic distribution, we revise Xystodesmus martensii Peters and its related forms in Japan, which had been recognized as ten species belonging to five genera. In delimitation of species, first we sought the biggest pheno-geographic units based on the dendrogram from a cluster analysis and geographic distribution; a pheno-geographic unit is defined as an aggregation of populations being phenetically closely similar and geographically closely distributed to each other. Then, we decided whether each unit was warranted as a species. As a result, we propose that these forms constitute a single genus Xystodesmus comprising six species including one new species. The newly defined Xystodesmus is characterized by high variation in gonopod morphology and conservative coloration, body form and size. The status of some populations is still uncertain because of lack of material. The tribe Xystodesmini, to which Xystodesmus belongs, and the tribe Harpaphini are so similar that we could not warrant their separation. We propose the following new synonymies: the tribe Harpaphini with the tribe Xystodesmini; Phrurodesmus Takakuwa and Nikkonus Chamberlin and Wang with Xystodesmus; Xystodesmus scabra Verhoeff, Rhysodesmus tuberculatus Takakuwa, Rh. ikaoensis Takakuwa, and Rh. kitazawai Miyosi, with X. martensii; Phrurodesmus kinshaensis Murakami with X. gracilipes (Takakuwa). Riukiaria shirozui Takakuwa, Rh. serrulatus Miyosi, and P. gracilipes Takakuwa, are transferred to Xystodesmus. We describe X. tokaiensis as a new species.