Chromosomalin situ hybridization ofCyprinus carpio genomic DNA repetitive sequence CR1

Common carpCyprinus carpio genomic DNA repetitive sequence CR1 has been DIG-labeled and hybridizedin situ against chromosomes of red common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. Xingguo red var. ). It is found that the repetitive sequence CR1 is mainly localized at the centromeric regions of chromosomes of the red common carp. The application of the chromosomalin situ hybridization technique on fish and the relationship between CR1 repetitive sequence distribution and its function have been discussed.     

原位杂交检测pal-1 mRNA在C.elegans野生型和突变体早期胚胎中的分布

Caenorhabditis elegans是发育生物学中的重要模式生物,许多基因参与C.elegans的细胞命运决定和细胞谱系发育.par基因的活性影响C.elegans胚胎前后轴的极性,其功能缺失会使胚胎的第一次分裂丧失前后轴的不对称性,导致一些母体提供的发育调控因子不能在特定的胚胎细胞中准确定位,从而改变胚胎细胞发育命运.pal-1是C.elegans早期胚胎发育中决定细胞命运的重要基因,它决定体细胞的性质,也是转录因子,调控着后续基因的表达,凡含有该基因表达的细胞发育成体细胞.调控PAL-1表达的基因有许多,本文通过原位杂交检测pal-1 mRNA在C.elegans野生型和par-5、par-6、gld-1突变体早期胚胎中的分布,来探讨par-5、par-6和gld-1基因的活性在胚胎发育早期对pal-1 mRNA的影响.实验结果表明,pal-1mRNA在野生型早期胚胎中有明显极性,而pal-1mRNA分布的不对称性在上述基因缺失的情况下被破坏,这些基因与pal-1mRNA的不对称分布直接相关.     

Chromosome G-banding in situ hybridization of RFLP marker umc58 linked with the gene hm1 dictatingHelminthosporium carbonum susceptibility1 in maize

The technique of simultaneous G-banding and in situ hybridization has been developed in plants for the first time. Using this technique, RFLP marker umc58 closely linked with the hm1 gene dictatingHelminthosporium carbonum susceptibility1 was localized onto 1L3 (chromosome 1, long arm, the third band from the centromere to the end of the arm), 5L5 and 9L5. The results demonstrated that umc58 was a triplicated sequence. It was deduced that umc58 probably was in a duplicated region that includes a part ofHelminthosporium carbonum susceptibility genes (hm1 and hm2), as the hybridization sites of umc58 in chromosomes 1 and 9 were those at which the genes localize. The techniques of simultaneous G-banding and ISH in plants are discussed.     

Research on development of in situ titanium matrix composites and in situ reaction thermodynamics of the reaction systems

The in situ synthesis method for titanium matrix composites (TMCs) has obvious technical and economical advantages over other traditional methods. Ultrafine reinforcement particles were formed in situ by chemical reaction between elements or between elements and compounds. Using the approach, contamination at the composite matrix/reinforcement particle interface did not occur,interface bonding was good, and the reinforcement particle was the rmodynamically stable. The stage of development of the preparation process for in situ TMCs as well as the thermodynamic analysis of the possible in situ reaction systems was described.     

三维初始地应力场计算方法与工程应用

基于地应力场产生的原因,建立了地应力场的数学模型.根据实测地应力资料,利用多元非线性回归分析的基本原理,得出了计算区域初始地应力场应力分量的回归公式.据此,可以预测该区域范围内的地应力分布状况.     

木瓜蛋白酶的原位固定化及理化性质研究

以氨基载体原位固定化PEG相中的木瓜蛋白酶,获得了高固定化率(95.9%)和酶活回收率(38.9%)的固定化木瓜蛋白酶,解决了双水相分离纯化后成相聚合物和目的蛋白难以分离的问题。固定化木瓜蛋白酶的最适pH在7.0左右,最适温度处于60～70 ℃之间。相比游离木瓜蛋白酶,在广泛的pH区间内(3.0～9.0)固定化酶稳定性都较好,热稳定性也有改善。在4 ℃密闭容器内将固定化木瓜蛋白酶以湿润状态保存可以较好地保留其活性。LH-HA固定化木瓜蛋白酶可以特异性地水解单克隆抗体IgG,制备Fab和Fc片段。     

原位癌病变的基因改变和表达

阐述原位癌病变中调控细胞生长、分化的癌基因、抑癌基因、错配修复基因的突变、缺失和异常表达。说明原位癌中的这些分子水平的变化与浸润癌已无本质的区别，有的只是发生频率和强度的差别。     

甲烷氧化偶联催化剂和部分氧化反应机理的原位及非原位谱学表征

采用原痊红外和原位显微Raman光谱技术及XPS、吡啶（Py)吸附的漫反射UV谱、Py-TPD、CO2-TPD等方法对含氟稀土基催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联（OCM）反应活性氧物种、催化剂表面酸碱性进行了考察。在O2预处理和/或工作条件下的SrF2/La2O3,SrF2/Nd2O3,LaOF,BaF2/LaOF和BaF2/CeO2等催化剂上原位观测到超氧物种（O2^-),并在其中前4种催化剂上检测到O2^-物种与CH4反应生成的气相C2H4,CO2和表面碳酸盐等OCM反应主、副产物。这些结果为O2^-是相应催化剂上OCM反应的活性氧物种首次提供了直接的光谱证据。研究结果表明,催化剂的OCM反应性能与其表面酸碱性的强弱并无简单的对应关系。采用原拉时间分辨红外光谱和原位显微Raman光谱技术对SiO2和γ-Al2O3负载的Rh、Ru催化剂上甲烷部分氧化（POM）制合成气反应的研究表明,由CH4直接氧化生成CO和H2是Rh/SiO2上POM反应的主要途径,而燃烧-重整机理是Ru/γ-Al2O3和Ru/SiO2上CO和H2生成的主要途径,反应条件下催化剂表面氧（O^2-)物种浓度的差异很可能是导致这两种催化剂体系上POM反应机理不同的主要原因,其本质可能源于Rh和Ru对氧的亲合力的不同。     

现浇混凝土的质量控制与质量检测

对建筑工程中如何控制与检测现浇混凝土质量的方法做了简单介绍。     

原位混杂增强钛基复合材料的制备与组织分析

理论上分析了由Ti-B4C-C系原位自生制备TiB晶须(TiBw)和TiC颗粒(TiCp)混杂增强钛基复合材料的可行性. 运用热分析方法(DSC)研究了一定量的钛粉、碳化硼粉与碳粉的混合粉末在加热过程中的反应情况. 结果显示复合材料原始粉末加热过程中在940～1 150 ℃这一温度范围内发生剧烈的放热现象,有可能生成了新相. XRD检测分析结果显示在烧结态材料中形成了TiB与TiC,而且TiC的含量随所添加的C含量增加而增加. OM与SEM分析表明复合材料中存在棒状TiB晶须和近似等轴状TiC颗粒两种不同形态的增强体,并且两种增强种体均匀的分布在基体中. 实验结果表明,可以采用反应热压法由Ti-B4C-C系制备原位自生TiB晶须和TiC颗粒混杂增强的钛基复合材料.     

原位杂交技术及其在动物遗传育种中的应用

在简要介绍原位杂交技术的基础上，论述了该技术在基因定位、基因图普的构建、性别鉴定、转基因等动物遗传育种领域中应用现状，并对其进行了展望。     

聚乳酸/纳米二氧化硅原位复合材料的制备和性能

以丙交酯和改性后的纳米二氧化硅为原料,在辛酸亚锡催化作用下,制备了聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料。分别用红外光谱（FT-IR）,热失重分析（TG）,扫描电镜（SEM）等对其化学结构和性能进行了分析和表征。FT-IR和SEM分析表明,纳米二氧化硅与聚乳酸发生了化学结合,并且均匀的分散于聚乳酸基体中。TG结果表明,随着纳米二氧化硅含量的增加,聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料的热稳定性提高。通过力学性能分析可以看出无机纳米粒子的加入提高了材料的拉伸强度。     

Identification in situ and phylogeny of uncultured bacterial endosymbionts.

The use of Koch's technique to isolate bacteria in pure cultures has enabled thousands of bacterial species to be characterized. But for the many microorganisms that have never been cultivated, DNA amplification in vitro using the polymerase chain reaction is now making their genes accessible. Here we use this technique to study bacteria of the genus Holospora, which live in ciliates and whose phylogenetic relationship has remained unknown because they are impossible to cultivate. Species of Holospora are highly infectious and live in the nuclei of their specific host cells: H. elegans and H. undulata infect micronuclei of Paramecium caudatum, whereas H. obtusa infects the macronucleus in other strains of the same host species; Holospora species have a common developmental cycle. We have amplified, cloned and sequenced gene fragments encoding ribosomal RNA of H. obtusa. The phylogenetic position of H. obtusa in the alpha group of Proteobacteria was determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The sequences were then used to design species- as well as genus-specific rRNA hybridization probes, which enabled us to detect and differentiate individual cells of the endosymbionts in situ. The large amount of rRNA in the cells indicates a high physiological activity of the endosymbionts in the host nuclei.     

In situ nick-translation distinguishes between active and inactive X chromosomes

Template-active regions of chromatin are structurally distinct from nontranscribing segments of the genome. Recently, it was suggested that the conformation of active genes which renders them sensitive to DNase I may be maintained even in fixed mitotic chromosomes. We have developed a technique of mitotic cell fixation and DNase I-directed nick-translation which distinguishes between active and inactive X chromosomes. We report here that Gerbillus gerbillus (rodent) female cells contain easily identified composite X chromosomes each of which includes the original X chromosome flanked by two characteristic autosomal segments. After nick-translation the active X chromosome in each cell is labelled specifically in both the autosomal and X-chromosomal regions. The inactive X chromosome is labelled only in the autosomal regions and in a small early replicating band within the late replicating 'original X' chromosome. Our technique opens the possibility of following the kinetics of X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation during embryogenesis, studying active genes in the inactive X chromosome and mapping tissue-specific gene clusters.     

聚苯胺薄膜厚度的表征及原位生长

以石英基片为衬底,分别在常压0.1MPa和500MPa高压条件下采用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜.通过对PANI薄膜的厚度进行原子力显微镜的直接测量和光谱的间接表征,建立了薄膜厚度df (nm) 与薄膜UV-Vis吸收光谱中400 nm处吸收强度A400间的关系: df = 548A400(0.1MPa)及df=341A400(500MPa).根据这一关系进一步测量了薄膜的生长曲线,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)形貌观测和电导率测试,研究了原位聚合PANI薄膜在不同合成压力下的生长及导电特性.     

Comparative genome research between maize and rice using genomicin situ hybridization

Using the genomic DNAs of maize and rice as probes respectively, the homology of maize and rice genomes was assessed by genomic in situ hybridization. When rice genomic DNAs were hybridized to maize, all chromosomes displayed many multiple discrete regions, while each rice chromosome delineated a single consecutive chromosomal region after they were hybridized with maize genomic DNAs. The results indicate that the genomes of maize and rice share high homology, and confirm the proposal that maize and rice are diverged from a common ancestor.     

Synthesis of styrene and tetrahydrofuran block copolymers by in situ transformation

In order to transfer the halogen terminus of polymers for block copolymer synthesis, the in situ transformation of living free radical polymerization of styrene into living cationic ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran was successfully performed. Three different initiator/catalyst systems of styrene were employed, i.e. (a) PhCH2Cl/ Bpy/CuCl, (b) 1-PEBr/Bpy/CuCl and (c) CCL/BDE/CuCl system. With these monofunctional initiator or difunction-al initiator, both AB and ABA type block copolymers of styrene and tetrahydrofuran were obtained using a silver salt with strong acid (AgC104) as the transformation agent in the transformation of polymerization type. Characterization of these copolymers by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectra ('H-NMR) , gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated this method is simple and feasible.