微波辐射SnCl4／C催化合成草酸二丁酯的研究

以SnCl4/C为催化剂,以草酸和正丁醇为原料,微波辐射直接酯化合成草酸二丁酯.通过实验得出最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比为3.5:1,催化剂用量为总投料量的2.5%,微波辐射功率480w,反应30min,收率可达96.8%.     

磷钨酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

以邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇为原料,苯为带水剂,磷钨酸为催化剂合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP),通过正交实验法探索催化剂的催化性能以及新工艺的最佳条件,结果表明:在邻苯二甲酸酐与正丁醇的摩尔比为1:3,催化剂用量为反应物总量的3.0%左右,反应时间3.0h,带水剂用量为反应物总量40.9%时产率可达99.0%.     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

用对甲苯磺酸作催化剂,由邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇合成了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,当邻苯二甲酸酐,正丁醇和对甲苯磺酸的摩尔比为１：４：０．０５,回流分水３ｈ,酯收率达９８％。     

微波辐射纳米CeO2催化合成己二酸二丁酯

以己二酸和正丁醇为原料,以纳米CeO2为催化剂,利用微波技术合成了己二酸二丁酯.探讨了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、醇酸摩尔比及催化剂用量等对酯化反应的影响.实验结果表明:较佳的反应条件为:在己二酸用量为0.05 mol时,n (正丁醇):n(己二酸) = 3.0:1,纳米CeO2催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2.5%,微波功率为465W,辐射时间为10 min,酯化率达98%以上.     

三氯化铁催化邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯的合成

研究了以邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇为原料,以FeCl3·6H2O为双酯化过程的催化剂合成邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP),研究了各种工艺条件对产物DBP的影响,找到了获得较高产率的较佳工艺条件。研究结果表明:在邻苯二甲酸酐与正丁醇的进料摩尔比为1:3,双酯化时间为1.5h,FeCl3·6H2O为邻苯二甲酸酐用量的3%时,DBP的产率可达94.4%。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

用对甲苯磺酸作催化剂,由邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇合成了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,当邻苯二甲酸酐、正丁醇和对甲苯磺酸的摩尔比为1:4:0.05,回流分水3 h,酯收率达98%.     

微波辐射合成苹果酸丁酯

以苹果酸和正丁醇为原料,废弃的全氟磺酸树脂为催化剂,在微波辐射条件下合成苹果酸丁酯,对影响合成苹果酸丁酯的因素进行研究.结果表明:酸醇物质的量比为1∶5、催化剂用量0.7g、微波辐射时间25min、微波辐射功率400W时,苹果酸丁酯的最高产率可达90.9%.该催化剂绿色环保且易于回收,重复使用6次苹果酸丁酯的产率仍然可以达到78.6%.     

微波辅助四氯化锡/活性炭催化合成丁酸丁酯的研究

以活性炭负载四氯化锡（SnCl4/C）为催化剂,在微波辐射条件下快速合成了丁酸丁酯。实验结果表明,最佳合成条件为：以0.1 mol正丁酸为基准,醇酸摩尔比为1.3∶1,催化剂负载量20%,催化剂用量为正丁酸用量的3%,加热功率为450 W,辐射反应时间为7 min,酯化率可达86.7%。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成α-呋喃丙烯酸

在微波辐射和相转移催化剂的条件下,利用Perkin反应,快速合成了α 呋喃丙烯酸;考察了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、不同种类的相转移催化剂、催化剂用量及反应物的物料比对反应产物的影响.研究结果表明:在微波辐射功率为260W、微波反应时间为11min、以聚乙二醇1000(PEG1000)为相转移催化剂,糠醛与乙酐的体积比为1∶2,糠醛与无水碳酸钾的量比为1.00∶0.55时,α 呋喃丙烯酸的产率为72.3%.     

采用微波加热与共沸精馏分水联合方法合成松香丁酯

利用硫酸作催化剂,在微波加热与共沸精馏分水联合的新型酯化反应装置中合成松香丁酯。最佳反应条件为：正丁醇与松香的摩尔比为6：1、催化剂用量为松香用量的6％、反应时间为120min,微波功率为607．5W。粗产品酸值为52mgKOH／g,产率为92％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has