铜铟硒纳米粉体的水热合成与表征

以水为溶剂、CuCl2,InCl3和Se粉为反应物、NaBH4为还原剂采用低温水热法在200℃反应18h得到了CuInSe2纳米粉末.用X射线粉末衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对粉体的结构、形貌、成分进行表征.研究表明:所生成纳米粉末的平均颗粒直径在100nm左右;反应温度和时间对产物的生成和形貌有重要影响,在200℃以上反应有利于获得黄铜矿型CuInSe2纳米粉末的纯相,且产物的尺寸随着反应时间的延长而增大.并对CuInSe2粉体的形成机理进行了简单探讨.     

Shape evolution of antimony oxychloride from sheaf-like to quasi-wafer structures

Antimony oxychloride Sb8O11Cl2(H2O)6 products with various morphologies including sheaf-like,rhombic-plate,oval leaf-like and quasi-wafer have been successfully synthesized via a mild and facile solution route at room temperature.The morphologies and structures of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).A possible formation mechanism of these structures is proposed according to the experimental results and analysis.     

纤维二糖对碳酸钙结晶的影响

选用纤维二糖为基质,碳酸铵挥发CO2,扩散至CaCl2溶液中合成碳酸钙晶体,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)对所得产物进行表征,讨论了纤维二糖溶液的浓度和pH对产物晶型及形貌的影响。结果表明,纤维二糖能够合成含有六边形球霰石形貌的碳酸钙晶体,浓度比pH对碳酸钙晶型和形貌的影响更大。     

水热法合成碳酸锶聚集体结构

以嵌段共聚物P123(聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷,平均分子量5 800)为模板,在水热条件下,进行了SrCO3的合成,获得了不同形貌的SrCO3聚集体.用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等仪器对所制备产物的结构和形貌进行表征.在不同的制备条件下,分别得到了棒束状、树枝状、麦穗状SrCO3和由麦穗状SrCO3结构组装成的空心球聚集体,对P123的作用和聚集体形成的机理进行了初步探讨.     

BaMoO_4微晶的微乳液可控合成及形成机理探讨

采用聚乙二醇对异辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)/正戊醇/环己烷/水溶液所形成的微乳液体系,控制合成出了四方晶系BaMoO4微晶,考察了微乳液中水与表面活性剂物质的量之比和反应物浓度对产物形貌的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)分别对产物的结构、粒度和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,在微乳液体系中,控制不同的实验条件,可以成功地合成蝴蝶结状以及不同长度树枝状的BaMoO4微晶,并且粒径分布集中,无团聚现象。论文还对不同形貌BaMoO4微晶的形成机理进行了初步探索。     

三氟化钐纳米圆盘的超声合成及表征

室温条件下,采用温和的超声液相沉淀法制备得到了三氟化钐纳米圆盘.产物的晶相、形貌和尺寸分别用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)进行了表征.结果表明,所得三氟化钐为高纯、结晶度好的六方晶系,纳米圆盘厚度约为50nm,直径为300～500 nm.进一步检测了SmF3:Tb3+纳米圆盘的荧光性质.     

在表面活性剂辅助下优质氢氧化钕纳米线的合成和表征

具有50～100nm平均直径和长约10μm的单晶氢氧化钕纳米线,已经在大量的CTAB（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵）阳离子表面活性剂的协助下通过水热法控制纳米结构的演化成功地合成,在表面活化剂CTAB的辅助下,可控制纳米结构的演化．测量方法包括X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）．借助这些手段,可表征产物的特性．     

Formation of crystalline TiO2 by anodic oxidation of titanium

Formation of crystalline TiO2(anatase) films by anodic oxidation of titanium foils in ethylene glycol(EG) based electrolytes at room temperature has been investigated.By varying the anodizing parameters such as the amounts of water and NH4 F added,applied voltage and anodization time,anodic TiO2 films with different crystalline structures were obtained.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) characterizations were employed to determine the morphologies and crystalline structures of as-prepared anodic TiO2 films.The results indicate that crystallization of anodic TiO2 films was generally facilitated by high fluoride concentration,high applied voltage and longer anodization time,and the formation of anodic TiO2 films with best crystallinity could only be achieved when optimized amounts of water were added.     

LaVO4：Dy^3＋同质异形体的水热合成和荧光性能

采用简单的水热反应合成了新型棒状、棒束状和针状花型的四方相LaVO4：Dy3＋晶体,用X粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和荧光光谱（PL）分别测试了水热产品的物相结构、颗粒形貌和荧光性能.实验结果表明,前驱体浓度和反应温度对不同形貌LaVO4：Dy3＋晶体的形成起到了关键作用。花状LaVO4：Dy3＋晶体比棒状和棒束状样品具有更好的蓝黄比（B/Y）,同时阐述了LaVO4：Dy3＋同质异形体的形成机制.     

室温下原位制备正六边形碘化铅纳米片

室温下,以铅片(Pb)和碘(I2)为主要反应物,通过简单的浸泡方法原位合成了具有正六边形结构的碘化铅(PbI2)纳米片.借用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得的样品进行了表征,并研究了实验条件对产物的影响.结果表明:反应时间、碘(I2)的浓度、反应介质以及反应温度等条件对产物的形貌和尺寸有明显的影响.当I2浓度为0.026mol/L、反应时间为10min、温度为25℃时,可以得到厚度约100nm、宽度约2~3μm的正六边形PbI2纳米片.     

氧化锌分级纳米结构的控制合成及光致发光性能研究(英文)

通过改变前驱物碱式碳酸锌的结晶度、尺寸和形貌,控制合成了分别由剑状晶须和纳米片自组装而成的多角星星形和花形氧化锌分级纳米结构。运用X-射线衍射和场发射电镜两种技术手段对所得产物进行了表征,并研究了产物的光致发光性能。在氧化锌分级纳米结构的形成过程中,前驱物碱式碳酸锌起到了重要的作用。     

Synthesis of Mg2B2O5 whiskers via coprecipitation and sintering process

Mg₂B₂O₅ whiskers with high aspect ratio were synthesized by coprecipitation and sintering process using MgCl₂·6H₂O, H₃BO₃, and NaOH as raw materials and KCl as a flux. Their formation process was investigated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). It is found that the products synthesized at 832°C are monoclinic Mg₂B₂O₅ whiskers with a diameter of 200?C400 nm and a length of 50?C80 ??m. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses show that the whiskers obtained at 832°C are single crystalline and grow along with the [010] direction. The growth mechanism of Mg₂B₂O₅ whiskers was also presented.     

退火温度对纳米ZnO结构和形貌的影响

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出不同形貌的ZnO纳米结构.详细研究了退火温度对ZnO纳米结构形貌的影响.结果表明退火温度对ZnO纳米结构的形貌有很大的影响.从扫描电镜结果看,900℃可以形成ZnO纳米棒,长度在2～3 gm,直径在200 nm左右.而且还讨论了ZnO纳米结构的生长机制.     

硫化镉空心半球的混合溶剂热合成、表征及其光学性能

在草酸的辅助下,利用混合溶剂热法首次合成了CdS空心半球,并用XRD、SEM和TEM对产物进行了表征.实验结果表明:反应时间、反应温度对产物的形貌起到一定的调控作用.另外,初步分析了CdS空心半球的形成机理,讨论了其光学性能.     

Standard molar enthalpy of formation of uniform CdMoO4 nano-octahedra

Controllable synthesis of uniform and single-crystalline CdMoO4 nano-octahedra has been successfully realized at large-scale by a facile reverse-microemulsion route at room temperature. The structures, compositions and morphologies of the as-prepared products were characterized in detail by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. According to the thermochemical cycle, the relationship between the standard molar enthalpy of formation of nano-CdMoO4 and bulk CdMoO4 was proposed for the first time. In combination with micro-calorimetry, the standard molar enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K of as-ynthesized CdMoO4 nano-octahedra were ob-tained.     

α-Fe_2O_3中空微球的制备及其气敏特性

以Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为铁源,不同氨基酸作为表面活性剂,通过水热法制备α-Fe_2O_3样品,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)表征样品的形貌,测试其气敏性能.结果表明:不同表面活性剂所得α-Fe_2O_3样品的形貌不同,分别为实心粒子和中空微球,且中空微球由粒子堆积而成;基于中空微球的气体传感器对乙醇具有良好的敏感特性.     

Microstructure and phase composition of hypoeutectic Te–Bi alloy as evaporation source for photoelectric cathode

A hypoeutectic 60Te–40Bi alloy in mass percent was designed as a tellurium atom evaporation source instead of pure tellurium for an ultraviolet detection photocathode. The alloy was prepared by slow solidification at about 10-2 K·s-1. The microstructure, crystal structure, chemical composition, and crystallographic orientation of each phase in the as-prepared alloy were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results suggest that the as-prepared 60Te–40Bi alloy consists of primary Bi₂Te₃ and eutectic Bi₂Te₃/Te phases. The primary Bi₂Te₃ phase has the characteristics of faceted growth. The eutectic Bi₂Te₃ phase is encased by the eutectic Te phase in the eutectic structure. The purity of the eutectic Te phase reaches 100wt% owing to the slow solidification. In the eutectic phases, the crystallographic orientation relationship between Bi₂Te₃ and Te is confirmed as [0001]_Bi2Te3//[1213]_Te and the direction of Te phase parallel to [1120]_Bi2Te3 is deviated by 18° from N(2111)_Te.     

酚醛树脂基活性炭微球的制备及其电化学性能

以苯酚和甲醛为原料,盐酸为催化剂,制备醇溶性酚醛树脂前驱体,探讨炭化温度对炭微球性能的影响,并将炭微球在3 mol/L HNO3溶液中活化后得到活性炭微球。利用红外光谱、X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安、恒流充放电、循环寿命等对该材料进行表征及电化学性能测试。研究结果表明:炭微球的最佳炭化温度为750℃,在该温度下制备的炭微球具有良好的球形形貌,其结构为部分石墨化的无定形炭;活性炭微球作为电容器电极材料具有良好的电化学性能,在1 mV/s扫描速度下比电容达到247.8 F/g;在0.5 A/g电流密度充放电下扣式超级电容器比电容高达60 F/g,且充放电循环5 000次后比电容几乎没有衰减。     

双扩散模板法制备卤化银纳米线及其光催化性能

在室温条件下,通过溶液的双扩散法于AAO模板中制备AgX纳米线,利用XRD,SEM和TEM等分析手段对纳米线进行了表征,结果表明,用该方法合成的AgX纳米线阵列分布均匀,取向性极好,直径50nm,与AAO模板的孔径一致.通过纳米线阵列膜对罗丹明B的降解情况对其光催化活性进行了测试,结果表明AgX纳米线具有良好的光催化性能.     

Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O纳米片的制备及光吸收性能

以普通无机盐为原料采用沉淀法制备了Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O纳米片.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对样品的组成和表面形貌进行了表征.紫外-可见光吸收测试显示Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O纳米片具有较宽的紫外-可见光吸收范围,带隙宽度为2.22 eV.