次锕系核素对惰性基质燃料中子学参数的影响研究

惰性基质燃料(Inert Matrix Fuel)具有较好的超铀核素销毁能力,是现在广泛研究的新型核燃料之一.为了加速乏燃料中的Pu同位素和次锕系核素MA的销毁及嬗变,本文选取普通PWR栅格作为研究对象,用MC方法比较研究MA加入IMF燃料后对其中子学参数的影响.研究表明,MA的加入会引起堆芯反应性的下降,并在一定程度上使得IMF燃料温度系数和慢化剂温度系数更负.     

Zr50Cu50金属玻璃形成过程中自由体积与玻璃态转变温度关系的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟了Zr50Cu50金属玻璃的形成过程,并获得了不同温度下合金的原子构型.借助金属玻璃中自由体积量等于金属玻璃与对应晶体的体积差理论提出一种自由体积湮没速度法,对Zr50Cu50金属玻璃形成过程中的临界玻璃态转变温度Tc以及热力学玻璃态转变温度Tg进行预测.用该方法确定出的Tc(969.5K)与利用模式耦合理论计算获得的Tc(978.4K)接近;Tg(731K)与利用平均原子体积随温度变化关系曲线确定的Tg(725K)相近.运用自由体积湮没速度法计算的Tc和Tg无需计算各温度下的原子扩散系数,节省了计算时间.     

温度对生命体寿命的影响

综述了温度对生命体寿命的作用，包括温度参与调节特定基因表达和细胞信号传导通路，温度对能量代谢、氧化还原水平、免疫功能和热量限制的影响。介绍了一种将温度系数引入死亡率定律的假设，以此计算温度与寿命之间的关系，为探究温度对寿命的直接影响提供参考和依据。     

自旋密度波对有次近邻互作用超导体的影响

本文研究具有次近邻互作用的2 1维BCS型超导体与自旋密度波共存的系统。在平均场近似下,应用含温度格林函数方法讨论自旋密度波序参量M对超导相变温度Tc的影响。计算表明不可能出现自旅密度波提高Tc的情况,而当M较大时,往往破坏超导电性。     

基于土基压应变指标的沥青面层等效温度及疲劳寿命修正系数

基于路基压应变指标和疲劳损伤等效原则,提出沥青面层等效温度的概念及其计算公式;分析沥青面层温度状况与路基疲劳寿命的关系,总结基准状况下沥青面层等效温度的规律;引入路基疲劳寿命修正系数,建立基准状况下路基疲劳寿命修正系数与地区海拔、路表温度年均值及标准差之间的回归式,据此推算得到全国738个地区的基准路基疲劳寿命修正系数值,绘制了全国基准路基疲劳寿命修正系数等值线图.随后,建立了简便实用的基准路基疲劳寿命修正系数与年平均气温和月平均气温年极差之间的回归关系式.最后总结了非基准各因素对路基疲劳寿命修正系数的影响规律,给出了近似修正式.     

温度对聚电解质/表面活性剂混合体系相行为的影响

通过浊度测定的方法研究温度对聚丙烯酸钠/十二烷基三甲(乙、丁)基溴化铵混合体系相行为的影响.研究发现:温度对该类体系产生了两种相反的影响.温度较低时,随着温度升高,体系浊度增大;温度较高时,随着温度的升高,体系浊度又逐渐减小,在某一温度(Tc)下出现浊度极大值.聚电解质分子主链疏水性增强或表面活性剂亲水基部分疏水链增长使Tc升高,pH的增大也使Tc升高.     

计算不同温度和压力下液体导热系数的新方法

根据液体导热系数的变化规律，发展了一种计算不同温度和压力下液体导热系数的新方法，该方法适用于非极性液体，根据液体和脂肪醇、水等含氢键液体。应用两参数方程对３９种物质２２９４个数据点的计算结果表明，在相当宽的温度范围（至临界温度）和压力范围（至２２０ＭＰａ）内，导热系数计算值都接近实验值，平均误差仅１．５３％；对１４种饱和液体２２６个数据点的计算结果表明，导热系数计算值与文献推荐值的一致性令人满意，     

强脉冲激光烧蚀铝靶深度历史的蒸发凝结法模拟

为避免考虑强脉冲激光烧蚀过程涉及的复杂物理问题,提出一种用蒸发和凝结理论计算烧蚀坑深度历史的方法。给出了一定靶面压力和温度历史下的烧蚀深度历史计算公式,分析了脉冲宽度对计算准确度的影响。用该方法计算了脉宽为20 ns,波长为1.06μm,峰值强度为500 MW/cm2的脉冲激光烧蚀铝靶过程中光斑中心靶面烧蚀深度的历史,计算结果与文献符合良好。激光脉宽越长,该计算方法越有效。     

基于热力耦合计算的涡轮叶片疲劳?蠕变寿命预测

对Morrow修正公式中的疲劳强度系数和疲劳强度指数进行修正,建立了涡轮叶片低周疲劳寿命预测模型.利用有限元软件ANSYS对涡轮叶片进行热力耦合计算,得到了涡轮叶片在离心、温度及气动三种载荷联合作用下的应力应变分布规律.应用所提出的低周疲劳寿命预测模型和蠕变持久方程,对在叶身上选取的5个考核点进行了疲劳/蠕变寿命预测.结果表明:叶片寿命为13 114次工作循环,叶片进气面根部的寿命最小,应为涡轮叶片检查和维修的重点部位.     

非旋波近似下双光子J-C模型中的热态纠缠现象

利用共生纠缠度(Concurrence)研究了非旋波近似下,双光子J-C模型中原子和光场间的热态纠缠现象.结果表明:考虑虚光子跃迁时,该耦合系统可以形成纠缠且存在产生纠缠的临界温度Tc.当环境温度低于Tc时,原子和场之间存在纠缠,而且随着温度升高纠缠程度减弱.当环境温度高于Tc时,系统纠缠消失.并发现系统在一定温度下的纠缠特性与原子-实光场和原子-虚光场间的耦合系数(λ、ε)之比有关.     

Leakage of mantle helium from the Liaodong Peninsula, China

The isotopic cumpositions of helium have been investigated in hot spring gases sampled from the Liaodong Peninsula. China. The³He/⁴He ratios range from 0.14 Ra (0.14 times the atmospheric³He/⁴He ratio of 1.40 × 10^-6 to 0.72 Ra.³He/⁴He versus⁴He/²⁰Ne ratios and He contents suggest that a small amount of mantle-derived helium reaches the earth’s surface. Helium iwtope ratios of the hot spring gases show a distribution pattern similar to the regional heat flow values, indicating that the positive thermal anomaly occurring in the rtrea is closely associated with the presence of mantle-derived helium. The observations described above provide some significant evidence that the molten magma originating from partial melting of the upper mantle may have intruded into the continental crust along the activity fault. The coupling of the presence of mantle He and heat flow anomalies to seismic activity in studied region seem to imply that there is an internal relationship between mantle degassing and seismic activity.     

Primary study of a novel Tc-tricarbonyl cocaine analogue as the potential DAT imaging agent

The convenient preparation of organometallic precursor fac-[99mTc(CO)3 (H2O)3] opens a new route to design new radiopharmaceuticals. Based on this precursor, a new cocaine analogue, Tropyn, is designed and synthesized,and “2 1” mixed-ligands approach is used to prepare a neutral complex [^99mTc(CO)3(Tropyn)I]. Biodistribution in mice and rats proves that it has sufficient brain uptake. Rat regional brain biodistribntion indicates that the complex is highly concentrated in the striatum (ST) with rapid clearance in the cortex (CT) and hippocampus (HP), which make it valuable for further investigation as the potential Second-Generation DAT imaging agent.     

40Ar-39Ar ages of the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone near Chifeng, Inner Mongolia and their tectonic significance

The Louzidian normal fault occurs as the eastern detachment fault of the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex. Field observations and microstructural analyses reveal that the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone developed in its lower-plate was genetically related to sinistral strike-slips and extensional faulting. Two samples from this ductile shear zone yield ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar plateau ages of 133 Ma (Bi) and 126 Ma (Kp), which are concordant with their isochron ages. The plateau age of 133 Ma (Bi) records the formation age of the ductile shear zone. The inconsistent relationship between the earlier strike-slip ductile shear zone and the later normal fault makes the Kalaqin Quasi-metamorphic core complex distinctive from Cordilleran metamorphic core complex. These ages provide important geochronological data for putting constraints on the formation age and genesis of such ductile shear zones.     

Global inventory of Helium-3 in lunar regoliths estimated by a multi-channel microwave radiometer on the Chang-E 1 lunar satellite

Helium-3 (³He) implanted by solar wind in the lunar regolith is a valuable resource because of its potential as a fusion fuel. On the basis of the Apollo regolith samples, a linear relationship between ³He abundance and solar wind flux, optical maturity and TiO₂ content has been presented. China successfully launched its first lunar exploration satellite Chang-E 1 (CE-1) on October 24, 2007. A multi-channeled microwave radiometer was aboard the satellite with the purpose of measuring microwave thermal emission from the lunar surface layer. From the multi-channel brightness temperature (T_b) observed by CE-1, the global distribution of the regolith thickness was inverted from the multi-channel T_b, and was used to evaluate the total amount of ³He per unit area in the lunar regolith. The global inventory of ³He was estimated as being 6.6×10⁸ kg; 3.7×10⁸ kg for the lunar nearside and 2.9×10⁸ kg for the lunar farside.     

Biodistribution of fullerene derivative C60(OH)x(O)y

The biological behavior of fullerene derivatives shows their considerable potential application in medicine field. To understand the biodistribution of C₆₀ derivatives as drugs or drug carriers, a simple water-soluble derivative C₆₀(OH)_x(O)_y was labeled with^99mTc. A γ-counter and a single photo emission computed tomography (SPECT) were used to assess the biodistribution and metabolism of the labeled compound in mice and rabbits, respectively. The results showed that the compound could be absorbed rapidly by tissues, especially by coronal bone, breastbone, backbone, extremity honeycomb, liver and spleen. The clearance was slow from all tissues except for brain. The compound might be excreted through urine and enteron. The biodistribution shows some difference from that of Yamago et al. In this note, we discuss the possible reason leading to the difference. Further study is needed to find out to what extent the C₆₀ itself determines the biodistribution of derivatives.     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> gas emplacement age in the Songliao Basin: Insight from volcanic quartz <Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar-<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar stepwise crushing

Due to a lack of suitable minerals, the gas/oil emplacement ages have never been accurately obtained before. CH₄-CO₂-saline- bearing secondary inclusions are found in quartz from the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation, the container rocks of the deep CO₂ gas reservoir in the Songliao Basin. The inclusion fluid was trapped into microcracks in quartz during the gas emplacement and accumulation, providing an optimal target for the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar stepwise crushing technique to determine the CO₂ gas emplacement age. ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating results of a quartz sample by stepwise crushing yield a highly linear-regression isochron with an age of 78.4±1.3 Ma, indicating that the accumulation of the deep CO₂ gas reservoir in the Songliao Basin occurred in the late Cretaceous. This is the first time to report an exact isotopic age for a CO₂ gas reservoir, which indicates that the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating can serve as a new technique to date the oil/gas emplacement ages.     

Effect of MTEC1 on the functional expression of TCRaβ+ 3G11− 6C10− CD4+ CD8− thymocyte subset

A murine CD4⁺ thymocyte subset with phenotype of TCRαβ⁺ 3G11⁻ 6C10⁻ CD4⁺ CD8⁻ CD69^+/- HSA^med/lo contains the cells in relatively functional matured status. The functional property of the cells in this subset is characterized by the unique pattern of cytokine production at transitional stage from Th0 to Th2 type with the latter being the dominant type. After being co-cultured with murine thymic medullary epithelial cell line (MTEC1) cells, a murine thymic medullary type epithelial cell line, the TCRαβ⁺ 3G11⁻ 6C10⁻ CD4⁺ CD8⁻ CD69^+/- HSA^med/lo thymocytes, has exhibited significantly higher levels of proliferation capability and IL-6 production, whereas the production of IL-4 and IL-10 is suppressed after co-culturing with MTECl. By contrast, MTECl could not induce thymocytes to secrete Thl type of cytokines. The results suggest that MTECl can regulate functional status of this thymocyte subset and induce them to develop into a specialized Th2 subset.     

基于掺铕钨酸盐荧光强度比的非接触温度传感

为了突破传统测温技术应用的局限性,利用NaY （WO₄）₂：Eu³⁺玻璃陶瓷（glass ceramics,GC）实现了具有非接触、实时响应、自校准等优势的双模荧光强度比（luminescence intensity ratio,LIR）测温。采用高温熔融淬灭法制备出含NaY （WO₄）₂：Eu³⁺纳米晶的透明GC样品,并进行系列光谱测量和热敏性能分析。结果表明,样品中Eu³⁺的激发态能级⁵D₁和⁵D₀和基态能级⁷F₂和⁷F₀为两对独立的热耦合能级,可分别基于这两对热耦合能级实现性能优异的双模LIR温度传感。该双模LIR测温技术数据可靠、测温范围广、灵敏度高,再结合GC材料优势,是可用于光纤温度传感器的核心技术材料。     

Characteristics of U-pattern distribution of highconcentration <Superscript>210</Superscript>Pb in surface air at central Guizhou,China

A better understanding of the variation of ²¹⁰Pb concentrations in the surface air is the key to trace lake sedimentation and catchment erosion, to establish and validate the global diffusion model of contaminants, and to assess the impact of natural radiation on the ecological system. Basing on the study progresses of the sedimentation, the atmospheric model and the unique environmental background in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and starting from December 20, 2001, we made use of a 500 NE Type aerosol sampler to collect filter samples, once a week in the past consecutive two years, in the surface air at Mt. Guanfeng, Guiyang City, China. Synchronous detailed γ-energy spectrometric observations of ²¹⁰Pb concentrations at both Chinese and U.S. laboratories have shown that the average monthly ²¹⁰Pb concentration displays a regular U-patterns distribution of annual variations, with high values appearing in winter and low values in late spring and summer. The average annual ²¹⁰Pb concentrations are estimated to be 2.77±0.63 mBq/m³, about 4 times the average maximum concentrations reported from quite a number of monitoring stations throughout the world. The possible factors affecting the sources of ²¹⁰Pb in the surface air in the central part of Guizhou Province are: Release of ²²²Rn from the U-Ra series enriched in the soils; chemical weathering of carbonate rocks; the exploitation, processing and utilization of coal and phosphorous resources. The principal factor controlling the high ²¹⁰Pb concentrations in the surface air in the central Guizhou and their annual U-pattern distribution is the release of ²²²Rn. The average monthly ²¹⁰Pb concentrations show a good negative powerfunction relationship with increasing precipitation and also show a good negative linear-function relationship with the rise of air temperature in month grouping. Group No.1 (June to November) reflects a relatively low release of ²²²Rn from soils in relatively high temperature seasons; Group No.2 (December to May) mirrors a relatively high release of ²²²Rn from soils in relatively low temperature seasons. The average monthly ²¹⁰Pb concentrations simulated in terms of the precipitation and air temperature are in good consistency with the measured values, revealing that the regular U-pattern distribution characteristics of ²¹⁰Pb concentrations in the surface air in the central Guizhou are controlled predominantly by regional precipitation and air temperature. Meanwhile, it is also indicated that the magnitude of variation of air temperature and precipitation within the same year also constrains the ratio of high values over low values of average monthly ²¹⁰Pb concentrations. On a month time scale, precipitation and air temperature are a main factor affecting the release of ²²²Rn from soils (rocks). In this aspect strong evidence has been obtained.     

抑制off-gel分离中18O标记回标的方法研究

off-gel分离法和¹⁸O标记是蛋白质组学研究中常用的分离和标记方法,通过对大鼠纹状体蛋白酶解后的肽段进行off-gel分离,以及基于超滤后的¹⁸O标记与off-gel分离的结果表明,off-gel对复杂生物样品具有良好的聚焦和分离效果,超滤去除游离酶后,¹⁸O标记的肽段没有发现明显回标现象,¹⁶O与¹⁸O标记的肽段1:1混合后,90%以上的蛋白¹⁶O/¹⁸O比值为1.04±0.16,因此,对复杂样品的考察结果说明基于超滤的¹⁸O标记可以与off-gel分离联合使用,扩大了¹⁸O标记在分离方法中的选择范围,能够应用于定量蛋白质组学的研究中.