The electron-beam (EB) irradiation and grafting of acrylic monomers onto EPDM copolymer

Radiation techniques (electron-beam, γ-ray, etc.) are usually used for improving the compatibility between polymer and ingredients in composite materials. Electron-beam pre-irradiation has been used for the first time to enhance the flame retardance of EVA copolymer. Efforts are being made to decline the flammability for EPDM copolymer by EB technique and remarkable reduction has been attained through a series of treatments: pre-irradiation, grafting and saponification.     

The electron-beam (EB) irradiation and grafting of acrylic monomers onto EPDM copolymer

Radiation techniques (electron-beam, γ-ray, etc.) are usually used for improving the compatibility between polymer and ingredients in composite materials. Electron-beam pre-irradiation has been used for the first time to enhance the flame retardance of EVA copolymer. Efforts are being made to decline the flammability for EPDM copolymer by EB technique and remarkable reduction has been attained through a series of treatments pre-irradiation, grafting and saponification.     

甲酰胺插层改性高岭土对乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)阻燃性能的改善

将甲酰胺（FA）通过插层改性引入高岭土（Kaol）分子层间,制备得到FA-Kaol改性高岭土材料,产物的插层率达到92.1%;通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和热重分析（TGA）对FA-Kaol结构进行表征。然后通过熔融共混将FA-Kaol添加到乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）/膨胀阻燃剂（IFR）中,利用极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直水平燃烧（UL-94）、锥形量热（Cone）和万能试验机测试材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。结果表明当FA-Kaol的添加量（质量分数）达到1.5%时,EVA复合材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性能和力学性能得到有效改善。     

Performance of halogen-free flame retardant EVA/MH/LDH composites with nano-LDHs and MH

The flammability properties of three series of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Magnesium Hydroxide/Layered Double Hydroxide(EVA/MH/LDH) composites as well as the flame retardance effect between LDH and the conventional flame retardant additive MH are investigated.In addition to acting as an insulating barrier,LDH assists the dispersion of MH particles in the EVA matrix,and promotes the formation of the char residues because of its abundant interlayer hydroxyl groups.Composites containing LDH show good flame retardancy in Cone and LOI testings.This means that the combustion properties of the composites have decreased,which may lessen the fire hazard when this materials are used.     

乙烯—醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物组成及结构分析

利用 FT-IR、NMR 对 EVA 的组成、序列结构进行分析,结果准确度高,分析过程方便、快速。     

淀粉接枝聚乳酸接枝率的红外光谱测定

采用红外光谱技术对淀粉接枝聚乳酸共聚物的接枝率测定方法进行研究.配制一系列聚乳酸含量不同的淀粉-聚乳酸标准样品,测定其红外光谱,绘制标准曲线,通过比较同一谱图中特征峰的吸光度,从而求得各组分之间的相对含量.结果显示:测定相关系数为0.990 6.通过对不同反应时间的淀粉接枝聚乳酸共聚物产物接枝率测定,证明本方法具有精密度高、重现性好等特点,可以用于淀粉接枝聚乳酸共聚物接枝率的测定.     

丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯共聚物的水溶性

利用自由基型溶液聚合的方法,合成了二元、三元和四元系列丙烯酸酯共聚物,对它们的水溶性进行了研究,探讨了分子量、亲水性基团含量及反应条件对共聚物水溶性的影响.     

纳米Al(OH)3干法表面改性及其在EVA中的应用

研究了钛酸酯偶联剂T对纳米Al(OH)₃的干法改性工艺，确定了偶联剂最佳质量分数0.5%、改性时间25min、改性温度100～110℃。采用红外光谱、TEM等检测手段对改性结果进行表征，改性后无机粉体表面包覆有机基团，吸油值减小，团聚减弱，比表面积增加。改性Al(OH)₃在乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中具有良好的分散性，阻燃效能提高，并保持了材料的力学性能。     

硬脂酸改性Mg(OH)2的机理及对EVA性能的影响

采用FTIR表征硬脂酸对氢氧化镁Mg(OH)₂的改性效果，发现不存在一个所谓的“最佳量”，分析认为硬脂酸对Mg(OH)₂表面改性既包括着 硬脂酸—COOH与Mg(OH)₂的—OH之间的弱酯化反应，也包含着酸与弱碱Mg(OH)₂之间的酸碱反应，所以硬脂酸对Mg(OH)₂的表面改性随硬脂酸用量 增加而持续进行。此外，改性剂用量也对Mg(OH)₂填充乙烯-醛酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)体系性能存在显著的影响。与填充未处理Mg(OH)₂体系相比 较，表面改性剂用量的增加会导致复合材料的拉伸强度的不断下降，断裂伸长率的增加和阻燃性能的急剧恶化。但是，复合材料的表观黏度下 降，加工性能得到改善。     

Microwave Irradiation Graft Copolymerization of Butylmethacrylate (BMA) onto Wool Fabrics

Butylmethacrylate(BMA) was grafted onto woolen fabrics by microwave Irradiation In the presence of catalyst ((NH4) 4S2O8) .Various parameters of graft- copolyme-rlzation reaction, namely time of reaction, microwave intensity, catalyst and monomer concentration, were optimized . The graft - copolymerization was also compared with conventional heating graft- copolymerization at the same condition, it showed microwave irradiation could Improve the reactivity of the monomer. The moisture regain decreased as graft add - on increased, the strength of the grafted fabric decreased as graft add - on increased , but the strain increased hi some degree. The infrared spectrum showed an additional peak at 1700 cm-1, confirming ester carbonyl groups of the monomer.     

结晶Mg（OH）2的表面改性及其对EVA性能的影响

用硅烷类表面改性剂对结晶氢氧化镁进行了表面改性，并对EVA进行了复合添加研究，获得以复合高分子材料优良机械性能和阻燃性能为判据的最佳添加条件为：改性时间0.5h,改性温度110℃,改性剂用量2%. 针对氢氧化镁添加量等因素对材料物理性能带来的影响机理提出了自己的见解.     

氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝阻燃高密度聚乙烯的研究

Mg(OH)_2、Al(OH)_3是当前正在发展的无毒廉价的阻燃剂,本文利用它们研制无毒阻燃性HDPE。实验结果表明:Mg(OH)_2对HDPE的阻燃效果优于Al(OH)_3,但填充量较少;Mg(OH)_2与Al(OH)_3混合使用时对HDPE具有阻燃协同效应;依赖这种协同效应,用较少量的Mg(OH)_2和较多量的Al(OH)_3混合填充,可获得性能更好的阻燃性HDPE。实验结果还表明:加入少量偶联剂和交联剂DCP,可以提高阻燃性HDPE的拉伸强度。     

加料方式对磺化苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物阻垢性能的影响

利用不同的加料方法和不同加料顺序合成了聚苯乙烯／丙稀酸共聚物，并在吡啶中以发烟硫酸为磺化剂进行磺化制得磺化苯乙烯／丙烯酸(St／AA)共聚物。测定St／AA共聚物阻垢率的实验结果表明，部分滴加2种单体的混合物所得聚合物阻垢性能最好，最大阻垢率达98．5％。     

PBT/EVA共混体系相容性、相态及结晶形态的考察

讨论了PBT/EVA共混体系的相容性、相态及结晶形态。实验发现,PBT/EVA共混具有一定程度的相容性。对于不同模式的共混方法,共混相态差别较大。以双螺杆挤出机挤出共混相态分散均匀,相域较小,而单螺杆挤出机挤出共混分散较差,相域大且有包藏结构。PBT/ENA共混呈海岛结构,且相域界面有一定程度的层过渡。对共混体系的结晶度及结晶形态考察发现,结晶温度对结晶形态影响较大,而温度和组份比的影响对结晶度较小(≤10％),有趣的是在高于EVA熔点温度下EVA组份有反常结晶现象。本工作对研究PBT的复合改性有一定的指导意义。     

如何利用经济增加值评价商业银行绩效

阐述了经济增加值作为银行绩效考评核心指标固有的特征,指出了建行在实践中存在的不足,探讨了进一步完善以经济增加值为核心指标的绩效评价机制的措施。     

氯化聚乙烯接枝水溶性单体

采用溶胀悬浮接枝共聚法,将水溶性单体丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酰胺（AM）接枝到疏水性氯化聚乙烯（CPE）大分子链上,合成双亲性接枝共聚物。通过正交实验法探讨了反应条件（膨胀剂、单体、引发剂和分散剂用量以及反应时间、反应温度和分散介质用量）对接枝率及接枝效率的影响规律,并用傅立叶红外光谱对接枝物进行了表征。研究结果表明,采用水作分散介质,乙酸乙醋作膨胀剂的溶胀悬浮接枝体第。在回流温度和一定搅拌速度下,可实现CPE接枝水溶性单体AA、AM且接枝（效）率较高。最佳反应条件分别为：CPE－g-AA接枝体系：CPE／AA／BPO／EA／H2O＝2／2／0．65／5／50（g/g/g/mL/mL),反应温度80℃;CPE－g-AM接枝体系：CPE／AM／BPO／EA／H2O＝2／2／0．07／8／50（g/g/g/mL/mL),反应温度72℃。反应时间均为3h。     

超声波辅助纤维素与丙烯酸的固相接枝研究

研究在超声波辅助的条件下硝酸铈铵引发微晶纤维素与丙烯酸固相接枝共聚,考察了在未中和的条件下超声时间、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、纤维素与单体的比例对产物吸自来水倍率的影响,利用TG、IR、SEM表征接枝物的结构和性能。结果表明纤维素能够被硝酸铈铵固相引发接枝,接枝效果良好,通过扫描电镜可以看出,接枝物表面没有明显的界面。     

Insight into the covalent grafting of organic films onto carbon steel surfaces for protection

The novel use of p-nitrophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salt(GG salt)as a protectant that is electrochemically grafted onto carbon steel has been investigated in0.05 mol L-1H2SO4and 5 wt%NaCl solutions using various corrosion monitoring techniques,such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarisation,infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy measurements.The electrochemical study reveals that this compound is a mixed inhibitor that predominantly controls the cathodic reaction.The surface-grafted film decreases the double-layer capacitance and obviously increases the charge transfer resistance relative to a bare carbon electrode.The values of inhibition effect remain nearly unchanged with an increase in temperature range of 298–318 K.The aryl diazonium is covalently bonded on the steel surface,causing a slight decrease in the apparent activation energy.Overall,the surface-grafted films exhibit excellent inhibition performance in acid and saline solutions within the studied temperature range.     

含磷环氧树脂的合成及阻燃研究

采用阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)与双酚A型环氧化物(E-51)反应,合成了含磷反应型阻燃环氧化物(E-P),在间苯二胺固化剂作用下,利用E-P制备了含磷反应型阻燃环氧树脂(EP-P). 采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和热失重分析(TGA)分别对E-P的结构及EP-P的热分解行为进行了表征;通过浸水实验,采用极限氧指数(LOI)和UL-94垂直燃烧等方法对比研究了EP-P与添加聚磷酸铵(APP 422)的添加型阻燃环氧树脂EP-AP的阻燃剂抗迁出性. 结果表明,含磷反应型阻燃环氧树脂EP-P比添加型阻燃环氧树脂EP-AP的阻燃效率高、阻燃耐久性更强.