烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

中国阳蝇属六异名记述(双翅目:蝇科)

阳蝇属是蝇科最大的属之一,迄今全世界已知阳蝇属约666种,分布于世界各大地理区。近年来对阳蝇属种团和类群的研究,发现在我国阳蝇属中存在一些异名问题。在我国阳蝇属已知226种中,发现小兴安阳蝇(Helina xiaoxinganna Xue,2001)、茂县阳蝇(Helina maoxianica Feng,2008)、后曲阳蝇(Helina postiflexa Xue,Feng& Tong,2008)、团宝山阳蝇(Helina tuanbaoshanica Feng,2007)、兴凯阳蝇(Helina xingkaihuica Feng& Ye,2007)和错那阳蝇(Helinacuonaica Feng&Xu,2008)等6个种存在同物异名问题,并根据模式标本及原始文献,指出了同物异名的理由,明确给予了订正。     

九孔鲍二倍体与三倍体核型的研究

九孔鲍二倍体细胞染色体数及核型为：2n=32，18m 6sm 8t，NF=56，第1、2、3、4、6、7、9、10、11对为中部着丝粒染色体(m)，第5、8、12对为亚中着丝粒染色体(sm)，第13、14、15、16对为端着丝粒染色体(t)，三倍体细胞染色体数及核型为：3n=48，30m 6sm 12t，NF=84，第1、2、3、4、5、7、8、9、10、12组为中部着丝粒染色体(m)，第6、11为亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm)，第13、14、15、16组为端着丝粒染色体(t)。     

中国耳孔蜈蚣属(蜈蚣目:蜈蚣科)部分种类研究

记述我国蜈蚣目Scolopendromorph耳孔蜈蚣亚科Otosigminae耳孔蜈蚣属Otostigmus(耳孔蜈蚣亚属Otostigmus)6种.其中对平耳孔蜈蚣Otostigmus(Otostigmuts)politus Karsch、糙耳孔蜈蚣O.(O.)scaber Porat和多刺耳孔蜈蚣O.(O.)aculeatus Hasse进行了重新描述;马氏耳孔蜈蚣O.(O.)martensi Lewis和贝氏耳孔蜈蚣O.(O.)beroni Lewis为2个我国新记录;刘易斯耳孔蜈蚣O.(O.)lewisi sp.nov.为1新种.附有各种特征图,并编制了种检索表.     

五代宋元明清楷书及其衰落原因

楷书是继隶书之后的一种字体端正、用笔合法、波磔势少的书体。它萌芽于西汉,中经魏晋六朝的成熟、繁荣,至唐极盛,成就辉煌。五代以降的宋、元、明、清楷书,主要学魏晋、北朝和唐人。虽小有创变,异彩纷呈,但总的格局却是呈衰落之势。除了时代的、创作主体、楷书自身的原因以外,最根本的原因是沿袭摹拟之风甚浓,真正独创的作品太少。从整体上说,这一时期楷书艺术成就不高,没有产生如钟繇、二王、颜真卿这样的伟大书家和杰出作品。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

吊罗山保护区哺乳动物物种多样性初步研究

根据实地调查和资料记载,海南吊罗山共有哺乳动物8目2l科46种,分别占海南省哺乳动物(水生兽类除外)9目、24科、76种的88．89％、87．50％和60．53％,其中华南麝鼯、犬蝠、小菊头蝠、中华鼠耳蝠、大长翼蝠、灰伏翼、屋顶鼠和社鼠等8种为吊罗山保护区新记录;黑长臂猿和云豹2种为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物,猕猴、黑熊等9种为国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物,分别占海南省国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护动物(水生兽类除外)的66．67％和90．0％;还有14种列入国家“三有”保护动物,17种列入中国动物红皮书,6种列入IUCN红皮书,有4、5、4种分别列入CITES公约附录Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ;海南毛猬、大鼯鼠2种为海南特产种(占海南特产种的66．67％)．黑长臂猿(又称海南长臂猿)、小缺齿鼹(又称华南缺齿鼹)、中菊头蝠(海南菊头蝠)等12种为海南特产亚种．     

文学的现代性及其相关概念

人本主义，理性主义，现实主义，乐观主义，重视摹仿，重视内容，强调现实功利性，强调语言表达的清晰、民族化及个性化是文学现代性的基本特征文学的前现代性表现为非文学性，非个人化，非现实性，反民族性；文学的反现代性表现为非理性，主观性，形式主义，反传统，极端个性化；文学的后现代性表现为对文学的人本主义立场、人文关怀精神、精英意识、启蒙话语、先锋性、作家中心观念的全面颠覆。     

英语外来语对汉语的渗透和影响

语言作为人类的交际工具并不是一成不变的,它在不断地接收与扬弃。外来语,特别是英语外来语,直接对汉语产生着巨大的影响。回顾汉语语言的发展,运用大量的例证指出:英语外来语已经渗透到电信、网络、广告、商业、旅游、娱乐、音乐、体育等各个方面。洋泾浜英语、汉化英语、汉译西化、中式英语均说明英语外来语对汉语的渗透和影响。最后得出结论:外来语融入汉语,不仅扩充了汉语词汇,而且极大地丰富了汉语语言。     

中美文化中的生活语用差异管窥

东西方的文化有许多差异,其中在礼貌的表达方式上不尽相同。本文运用利奇的礼貌原则对中美两国人民的礼貌方式的表达进行分析,说明在不同的文化中应当采用不同的方式来表达礼貌。     

磷酸钙纳米材料的制备、性能及应用

 磷酸钙作为生物体硬组织中主要的无机成分,具有良好的生物相容性、生物活性及生物可降解性,广泛应用于骨组织与牙齿修复和替换、药物输运和控制释放、基因转染及诊断成像等生物医学领域。人工合成磷酸钙材料的组成、结构、尺寸、形貌和结晶度等特性均与材料的制备方法有关,且材料的这些特性对其应用起到决定性作用。因此,发展不同的方法制备出具有特定组成、结构、尺寸、形貌、结晶度和性能的磷酸钙纳米材料对其应用至关重要。本文综述近年来在磷酸钙纳米材料的制备、表征、性能和应用研究方面所取得的最新进展,讨论室温制备法、溶剂热/水热合成法、微波辅助快速合成法、静电纺丝法及含磷生物分子磷源合成法等制备方法,分析磷酸钙纳米材料的性能及其在药物装载和可控释放、蛋白质吸附及释放、生物成像等领域的应用,展望磷酸钙纳米材料研究领域的发展趋势。