螺旋槽纹管管内紊流流动与换热数值研究

系统地研究管内径Di,节距P,槽深e,槽宽B,螺旋角β和头数N等各因素对管内流动和换热的影响及管内各种不同工质的换热和流动情况,以优化螺旋槽纹管的管型结构参数,完全依靠实验很难达到此目的,因此有必要用数值模拟的方法来研究。本文对前人在单头和多头螺旋槽纹管管内紊流流动与换热的数值研究中,所采用的方法、模型、网格的划分以及计算结果做了简要的介绍,并认为采用周期性充分发展换热的概念,螺旋坐标变换的方法,修正的K-ε模型与应用其他计算方法是解决该问题的关键。     

气体在螺旋槽管内强制湍流传热时N_u与R_e的关联

本文通过单头螺旋槽纹管进行蒸汽加热空气的实验研究,对实验结果进行了线性回归处理,确立了N_u与R_e的关联式。通过作图和误差分析表明:本关联式可应用于气体在螺旋槽纹管内强制湍流时的传热计算。     

单头“W”形螺旋槽管强化传热机理研究

单头“W”形螺旋槽管是在螺旋槽管的基础上开发出的一种新型强化管。本文研究了各种结构参数对流动和紊流换热特性的影响,从理论上探讨了其强化传热机理,并和实验结果进行了比较,结果表明此管的性能明显优于光滑管,在p/e=10～14范围内且具有小螺距和适当槽深的单头“W”形螺旋槽管的综合性能是最优的。     

聚变包层的螺旋槽纹管强化换热分析

针对聚变堆包层第一壁圆角处温度过高的问题,对局部结构进行流动传热模拟分析,并采用螺旋槽纹管结构进行改进.分析了螺旋槽纹管的槽深、槽宽、节距以及近壁面处螺纹覆盖的角度范围对圆角处换热的影响;结合理论分析和数值模拟结果,对第一壁圆角处的结构提出优化方案.研究结果表明:螺旋槽纹管对第一壁强化换热有很强的辅助作用,从热经济性角度分析,0.7mm左右的槽深能够最有效地优化模型;对第一壁的设计采用短节距的螺旋管型经济性能并不高;流道面对等离子体一侧的螺旋槽纹包裹角度应设计在90°~100°的范围.     

螺旋槽管强化传热研究及其在锅炉中的应用

论述了螺旋槽管管内外单相流体传热研究的试验结果,并将试验数据按流动参数、物性参数和几何参数采用无量纲准则数进行整理.给出了在雷诺数Rei=104～105范围内管内无量纲换热系数Nui的关联式,和在Re.=3×103～6×104及Re.=3.3×103～105范围内气流横掠螺旋槽管错列和顺列管束的管外无量纲换热系数Nu.的关联式,该关联式可以作为螺旋槽管换热器的设计依据.介绍了螺旋槽管作为空气预热器在电站煤粉锅炉中的广泛应用,给出了几个应用螺旋槽管空气预热器解决锅炉具体问题的实例,表明了螺旋槽管空气预热器的显著优越性.     

螺旋槽管强化传热机理及性能的数值研究

基于Fluent对9根具有不同结构参数的单头螺旋槽管进行了数值研究,得到了螺旋槽管内流体速度和温度分布,从微观上说明了螺旋槽管强化传热的机理。数值计算结果表明,在研究的雷诺数Re范围内(10 000~45 000),螺旋槽管的努塞尔数Nu是光管的1.34~2.01倍;阻力系数f是光管的2.01~6.40倍;Nu和f随槽深e的增加而增加,随节距p的增大而减小。螺旋槽管传热的综合性能明显优于光管,在换热面积和泵功率消耗相同的情况下,综合性能最好的2#管可使换热量提高14%~19%。     

螺旋复合型槽纹管换热器壳程热力性能分析

为研究1.0×10⁴≤Re≤3.5×10⁴范围内不同结构参数的螺旋复合型槽纹管的管外流动和换热情况,为结构优化设计提供参考,文中采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型模拟了恒壁温条件下壳程流体的对流换热过程,考察了结构参数（螺距和槽深）对流场、温度场和其他湍流特征的影响。结果表明：壳程的流动情况不如管程剧烈,但由于螺旋槽纹部分的长度选取得当,整个流域内都存在二次流,流体的换热能力得到了增强,同时也导致了压力损失的增加;当螺旋复合型槽纹管的螺距比为3.50时,综合换热能力评价指标最高;当槽深比为0.22时,换热能力提升得最多,但引起的压力损失也最大。     

流动沸腾中Chen模型抑制因子的确定

以核化理论为基础,在考虑沸腾表面微结构分布的影响下,确定了流动沸腾换热关系式中Chen模型抑制因子的表达式。并以R134a和R22为实验工质在14mm内径的水平光滑管内进行了流动沸腾换热实验,对获得的实验数据采用Chen模型建立流动沸腾换热关系式,抑制因子采用笔者得到的表达式,该换热关系式能很好地和实验数据吻合,表明笔者确定的抑制因子表达式能有效提高采用Chen模型建立的流动沸腾换热关系式的准确度。     

R12在水平管内流动沸腾换热实验研究

本文对R12在水平管内流动沸腾换热特性作了实验研究。实验结果表明,管内流动沸腾换热与单相对流换热一样,存在热进口效应,国外早期的实验数据由于未能考虑热进口效应而偏大。实验结果还表明,水平流动沸腾周向不均匀换热主要受流动结构影响;截面平均换热系数则与质量流速、热流密度、质量干度和蒸发压力密切相关。分析实验数据证实,流动沸腾换热是由气泡产生而引起的流动充分发展核态沸腾和双相对流蒸发两部分组成的。本文的实验数据与国外已有的换热关系式能较好吻合。     

三分螺旋折流板的疏液结构对立式冷凝器性能的影响

为了改进立式冷凝器的性能,对强化凝结传热性能的三分螺旋折流板疏液结构形式进行了试验研究.试验立式冷凝器采用公用壳体可置换芯体结构,比较分析了6件三分螺旋折流板芯体和1件弓形折流板芯体的壳侧凝结换热性能.结果表明:三分螺旋折流板立式冷凝器的壳侧换热系数是弓形折流板方案壳侧换热系数的1.48~2.65倍,其中最佳的双头变角度带挡液堰方案的壳侧换热系数比弓形折流板壳侧换热系数平均提高了144.4%;单头变角度方案壳侧换热系数比单头定角度方案壳侧换热系数平均提高25.47%;双头变角度方案壳侧换热系数比单头变角度方案壳侧换热系数平均提高15.74%;带挡液堰方案壳侧换热系数比不带挡液堰方案壳侧换热系数平均提高6.37%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that