高质量4kbit/s码速率语音编码算法研究

４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ有限状态代数码激励线性预测语音编码算法ＦＳ－ＡＣＥＬＰ是一种具有延时较短、合成语音质量高、算法复杂度较低的语音编码算法。在线性预测（ＬＰ）参数量化上,利用了语音帧内和帧间的相关性,对线谱对（ＬＳＰ）参数使用预测式分裂式矢量量化,获得很高的量化效率。在自适应码本搜索上,采用了有限状态控制分数延时搜索的算法,在保证合成语音质量的同时,有效地降低了运算量。对于随机码本,采用了具有多模结构的代数码本,提高语音合成质量。对于激励码序列的增益,采用了预测式矢量量化,有效地提高了量化精度。经非正式听音测试,４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＦＳ－ＡＣＥＬＰ的合成语音质量超过了北美８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＶＳＥＬＰ,接近Ｇ．７２９８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＣＳ－ＡＣＥＬＰ,ＭＯＳ分约为３．９。     

矢量量化法用于改进的多带激励声码器一种极低比特率语音编码方案

在低比特率语音编码方法中，改进的多带激励编码方法可得到低噪声和稳健性强的重建语音，但运算量很大．作者在改进的多带激励编码研究中，将矢量量化方法引入频谱幅度的量化，不仅降低了运算量而且降低了编码比特率，使得在１．３５～１．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ的编码比特率下的重建语音，与４．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ编码比特率下（按自激励声码器编码方法）重建的语音质量相比毫不逊色．     

矢量量化法用于改进的多带激励声码器—一种极低比特率语音…

在低比特率语音编码方法中，改进的多带激励编码方法可得到低噪声和稳健性强的重建语音，但运算量很大，作在改进的多带激励编码研究中，将矢量量化方法引入频谱幅度的量化，不仅降低了运算量而且降低了编码比特率，使得在１．３５￣１．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ的编码比特率下的重建语音，与４．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ编码比特率下（按自激励声码器编码方法）重建的语音质量相比毫不逊色。     

低码率语音编码中感知加权滤波器的一种新型算法

声学心理模型是对人听觉系统生理结构和人耳主观感知特性的数学抽象模型．这种模型已成功运用于宽带音频编码中．首次提出将声学心理模型原理应用于语音编码中感知加权滤波器的设计．通过对ＩＴＵＧ．７２３．１６．３／５．３ｋｂ／ｓ双速率编码算法中感知加权滤波器的改进,编码器的ＭＯＳ分可以改善０．１～０．３,而且新算法所要求的计算量仅比原算法大０．２６ＭＩＰＳ．基于声学心理模型的感知加权滤波器,与现有各类语音编码器中所用的感知加权滤波器相比,有自适应强、更符合人耳听觉特性、主观处理效果更佳的优点．     

各种速率矢量和激励线性预测（VSELP）编码器的实现

研究并改进了矢量和激励线性预测，语音编码器，介绍了８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＶＳＥＬＰ编码方案的实现及在此基础上利用矢量量化ＬＰＣ参数，减少激励码本数和子块分裂等方法；改进的６．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ，４．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ及２．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ ＶＳＥＬＰ的方案和结果。     

一种高质量语音编解码专用芯片的设计

为满足中速率高质量语音通信系统的需要 ,采用数字信号处理器内核 (DSP Core)的方法 ,设计了具有国际电信联盟 (ITU )建议 G.72 9A语音编解码器、自适应回声抵消和单路同步功能的专用芯片。根据所用数字信号处理器内核的特点 ,对 G.72 9A算法进行了优化 ,降低了算法复杂度和所需存储空间 ,实现了 G.72 9A全部功能 ,并通过了全部ITU测试序列的检验。回声抵消部分使用归一化最小二乘(NL MS)自适应滤波器实现 ,并设计了近端语音活动性检测和非线性残余回声抑制等功能模块 ,使其性能完全符合 ITU建议 G.16 5各项指标要求。在单路同步模块中 ,使用了并行模二比特排除方法 ,具有同步扑捉快、抗信道误码能力强的优点。专用芯片使用较少的资源 ,在一块芯片上集成了以上全部功能     

实时低速率语音压缩编码的算法研究

针对数字化通信网及多媒体应用中低速率数字语音编码问题，以多带激励（ＭＢＥ）声码器为模型，采用了一些新算法去降低编码速率和改善音质。利用动态规划算法对基音周期进行平滑，去除了声码器中常有的音调噪声。利用ＬＰＣ全极点模型谱逼近ＭＢＥ谱包络，并采用共振峰增强技术来补偿模型误差，有效地降低了编码速率。为了能够实时实现这个编码系统，采用了分裂矢量量化，多级矢量量化和前向多层人工神经网络等技术进行优化和改善，使之在２．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ，１．２ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ及８００ｂｉｔ／ｓ等速率上实时实现了较高质量的语音压缩编码。     

16kb／s7kHz宽带语音编码器的研究

分析了宽带语音编解码过程中遇到的特殊问题和解决办法,并通过改进窄带语音ＴＣＸ算法（主要包括系统合成滤波器的移位和将频域矢量分成高低两个矢量）实现了宽带语音压缩编码．该算法的运算量仅相当于一般ＣＥＬＰ运算量的１／２,降低了对所用ＤＳＰ的速度要求．实验证明重建语音质量有了明显改善,信噪比提高近３ｄＢ,主观听觉质量也有明显改善．同时还分析了频域量化对该系统的编码噪声的影响,认为２ｂｉｔ／ｓａｍｐｌｅ来量化相位是比较恰当的,这样能充分发挥ＴＣＸ算法优越性,获得较理想的编码效果．     

一种改进的规则脉冲激励－长时预测语音编码方案

在对规则脉冲激励－长时预测语音编码方案（比特率为１３ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ）研究的基础上，提出了７．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ的改进方案，使编码速率大大降低．改进方案在长时预测分析中用部分搜索法代替了原来的全搜索，并采用矢量量化技术对预测残差信号进行量化．其硬件实现在ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０ＥＶＭ上完成，所用ＤＳＰ芯片为单片ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０．实验结果表明，合成语音质量与原方案十分接近．     

一种低码率声码器系统的设计及实现

在简单介绍Ｇ．７２３．１编解码算法及语音编解码协处理器ＣＴ８０２０后,给出了一种低码率声码器系统的硬件和软件设计及实现方法,着重讨论了该应用系统设计中有关语音数据同步传输等问题的主要处理方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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