分散聚合法制备单分散聚苯乙烯微球的研究

通过以乙醇/水为介质,聚丙烯酸为分散剂的分散聚合法,制备了粒径范围在0.66-2.2μm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球.实验得出,分散介质的Hansen溶解度参数范围在26.34-31.97(MPa)(1)/(2);分散剂用量存在临界值为7.7g/L;同时还考察了反应参数,如温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度等对聚合反应和微球粒径及其分布的影响.     

单分散窄分布PMMA微球的制备工艺研究

通过分散聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、甲醇/水为分散介质,并二次滴加单体与分散介质混合液,制备微米级单分散聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球.通过傅里叶转换红外分析,场发射扫描电镜,激光粒度分析等对微球进行表征.研究反应时间、初始单体浓度、分散剂浓度和引发剂用量等因素对微球粒径及粒径分布的影响.引发剂浓度和分散剂用量是影响聚合物微球粒径主要因素.分散剂浓度增大,引发剂浓度减小,均使微球粒径减小,分布变窄.最佳工艺条件为PVP用量1.5%、AIBN用量1%、单体用量10%、甲醇用量为60%、反应时间为6h、温度为75℃、制得的微球粒径为1.8μm.     

微米级单分散苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物微球的制备

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散稳定剂、偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂、醇或醇/水混合物为分散介质，用分散共聚合方法制备了微米级苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物微球。研究了功能单体用量、介质的溶解度参数、分散剂用量及温度对共聚反应速率、转化率、共聚物微球的粒径和粒径分布的影响。结果表明，功能单体用量增加，聚合速率变慢，粒径增大；介质的溶解度参数增大，聚合速率增大，转化率提高，粒径减小；分散剂用量增大，聚合速率及转化率的变化不大，粒径减小；反应温度升高，聚合速率和转化率提高，粒径增大，粒径分布变宽。     

分散聚合制备单分散阳离子型聚苯乙烯微球

以甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）为可聚合型分散剂,甲醇为分散介质,研究了苯乙烯的分散聚合,制得了表面带正电荷的粒径为0.98～2.78μm,分散系数为0.04～0.25的聚苯乙烯微球。用扫描电镜观察了聚苯乙烯微球的形貌,探讨了分散聚合过程及分散剂浓度等反应参数对聚合物微球粒径及其分布的影响。结果表明,当m(St)/m(MeOH)为0.1、m(DMC)/m(St)为0.02和m(AIBN)/m(St)为0.02时,聚苯乙烯微球的分散系数最低（为0.04）,粒径为2.78μm。     

单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备及其影响因素的研究

以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,无水乙醇为反应介质,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用分散聚合方法,制备出球形度良好的单分散聚苯乙烯微球。并讨论了初始单体浓度、引发剂用量、稳定剂用量及加料方式对聚苯乙烯微球粒径及分布的影响。结果表明,在一定反应条件下,随着初始单体浓度和引发剂浓度的增大,聚苯乙烯微球的粒径增大,分布变宽;随着分散稳定剂PVP浓度的增大,微球粒径变大,分布变窄。且一次加料有助于形成单分散的聚苯乙烯微球。     

单体浓度对大粒径单分散聚苯乙烯微球合成的影响

本文以苯乙烯(ST)为单体,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,无水乙醇(ETOH)为分散介质,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用分散聚合法制备出了单分散大粒径聚苯乙烯微球,并对单体ST在体系中的浓度对微球尺寸和分布的影响进行了系统研究。结果表明,PS微球的粒径和分散系数均随着ST浓度的增加而增大。对于本研究体系,通过筛选合适的单体浓度(24wt%),获得了粒径为5.2μm、分散系数为0.045的聚苯乙烯微球。     

单分散性聚苯乙烯微球的研究：———稳定剂,反应温度和单体浓度的影响

以乙烯基吡咯烷酮为分散剂,以水和忆醇混合溶液为反应介质,用分散聚合方法制备单分散聚苯乙烯微球。考察了反应温度、稳定剂浓度和单体浓度对微球平均粒径大小和粒径分布的影响。实验结果表明聚乙二醇不适合作苯乙烯分散聚合的稳定剂。随聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮浓度变大,微球粒径变小,粒径分布变窄,单体深度的增大会导致微球粒径的增大及粒径分布的中宽。随聚合温度的提高,微球粒径变大。     

膜乳化法制备单分散聚苯乙烯多孔微球

为了解决用传统方法制备微球粒径不均的缺点,实验使用自制的膜乳化装置,通过膜乳化法制备粒径在12～20μm、单分散系数小于20%的聚苯乙烯多孔微球.使用扫描电镜考察多孔微球的表面形貌及孔径.结果表明:膜孔径是影响微球粒径的决定性因素;适当的膜乳化压力、乳化剂和分散剂浓度是生产粒径均一微球的重要条件;在致孔剂DBP质量分数为20%时,微球的平均孔径为0.12 μm.     

聚苯乙烯微球分散聚合的研究

系统研究了在苯乙烯(St)体系的分散聚合中,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、甲醇为分散介质,制备的微米级单分散聚苯乙烯微球。结果表明,粒径随着反应温度、引发剂浓度、初始单体浓度的增加而增加;同时,它也随着分散剂(PVP)的浓度的增大而减小。当使用乙醇为聚合介质时,制得了粒径较大的单分散性微球(粒径为4.5μm),为由甲醇制得微球粒径的3倍,SPAN值达到0.785。     

以PDMAEMA作为分散稳定剂通过分散聚合制备聚苯乙烯微球及粒径控制

以聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)为大分子分散稳定剂、乙醇和水作为混合分散介质、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)作为引发剂,研究苯乙烯的分散聚合。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察聚苯乙烯微球的形态和粒径分布,探讨分散剂浓度、分散介质质量比以及引发剂浓度对于聚合物微球粒径及其分布的影响。结果表明:当分散介质中m(乙醇)/m(水)=7.3、引发剂与苯乙烯(St)摩尔比为0.01、分散稳定剂PDMAEMA与St质量比为0.05~0.20时,制得粒径为0.5~1.0μm、粒径分布系数为0.03~0.06的粒径分布均匀的聚苯乙烯微球。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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