Peritectic solidification under high undercooling conditions

The solidification characteristics of highly undercooled Cu-7.77%Co peritectic alloy has been examined by glass fluxing technique. The obtained undercoolings vary from 93 to 203 K(0.14 TL). It is found that the α(Co) phase always nucleates and grows preferentially, which is followed by peritectic transformation. This means that the peritectic phase cannot form directly, even though the alloy melt is undercooled to a temperature far below its peritectic point. The maximum recalescence temperature measured experimentally decreases as undercooling increases , which is lower than the thermodynamic calculation result owing to the actual non-adia-batic nature of recalescence process. The dendritic fragmentation of primary α(Co) phase induced by high undercooling is found to enhance the completion of peritectic transformation. In addition, the LKT/BCT dendrite growth model is modified in order to make it applicable to those binary alloy systems with seriously curved liquidus and solidus lines. The dendrite growth velocities of primary α(Co) phase are subsequently calculated as a function of undercooling on the basis of this model.     

贵金属与锡二元合金的热力学性质的计算

运用Miedema理论计算了Cu-Sn,Ag-Sn,Au-Sn三个二元系统的整个成分范围的固态形成焓和液态合金混合焓以及金属间化合物的形成焓,并将计算结果同已有的实验结果进行了比较．结果表明,计算值与已有的实验结果符合得比较好．同时讨论了原子尺寸因素、电负性、电子轨道能量等对合金形成焓的影响．     

稀土镁合金近非平衡液相线铸造研究

近非平衡液相线铸造方法是测量熔体非平衡凝固过程的冷却曲线,确定其非平衡液相线温度,并在此温度附近进行铸造的工艺方法,为实质意义上的近液相线铸造.采用该方法对ZK60稀土系列镁合金进行了研究,结果表明,近非平衡液相线铸造工艺可获得细小均匀的非枝晶结构,是镁合金半固态制浆的有效方法;不同合金元素对以ZK60为基体的合金的非平衡液相线和近液相线铸造组织都有明显影响,Ag,Y,Nd等元素有利于避免浆料中晶内液相的出现,其中混合稀土最有利于初生晶粒的圆整化,而Nd则造成初生晶粒的不均匀,Ag和Y的添加尽管初生晶粒圆整程度不如Nd,但有较均匀的晶粒和较好的枝晶退化效果.     

包晶凝固的研究现状及进展

目前人们对包晶凝固过程和机理的研究远没有单相和共晶体系那样深入,长期以来仅限于定性的描述,至今还没有形成较为完整的理论体系,也没有单相和共晶合金那样较成熟的凝固模型。本文评述了其近年来包晶凝固的理论、各种假设模型,讨论了定向凝固过程中组织,生长机制等。     

定向凝固包晶合金相和微观组织选择研究进展

综述了定向凝固包晶合金相和微观组织选择的理论模型和实验研究进展,分析相和微观组织的选择规律,同时讨论了对流对凝固微观组织的影响。依据国内外对包晶合金凝固的研究现状,提出进一步研究的方向。     

铸造铝硅合金液相线自适应神经-模糊建模

在合金熔炼和加工过程中,往往需要知道液相线温度,以便确定相关工艺参数.建立能从成分预测铝硅系工业铸造合金液相线温度的模型.收集工业合金实测数据,采用模糊推理方法,建立了合金液相线温度的自适应神经-模糊推理模型.它具有Takagi-Sugeno型网络结构,能直接从数据中提取推理规则,并可利用前馈神经网络的学习能力调整参数.与现有的其它统计回归模型相比,模糊推理模型能反映成分之间的交互作用,具有更高的预测精度.在铸造合金研究、热力学计算和凝固过程数值模拟时,所建立的模型可用于计算工业合金的液相线温度.     

AC-HVAF喷涂铁基非晶复合涂层结晶度的DSC法测定

利用活性燃烧高速燃气喷涂方法(AC-HVAF)制备出一种高非晶含量的Fe基非晶合金涂层.根据非晶合金相变的热力学原理可知部分晶化的非晶合金的晶化即为残留非晶相的转变,其相变热应正比于残留非晶相的相含量.采用不同的热处理工艺使喷涂的非晶涂层晶化,利用DSC分析法测定了热处理后涂层中的纳米晶体含量和部分晶化非晶合金涂层试样的相变热,计算了该涂层试样的结晶度.实验结果和理论预测基本相符.     

Compositional dependence of thermal and elastic properties of Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni bulk metallic glasses

Starting from the quaternary Cu₄₇Ti₃₄Zr₁₁Ni₈ alloy, the compositional dependence of thermal and elastic properties of Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloys was systematically investigated. Quaternary Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloys can be cast directly from the melt into copper molds to form fully amorphous strips or rods with the thickness of 3–6 mm. The evidence of the amorphous nature of the cast rods was provided by X-ray spectra. The measured glass transition temperature (T_g) and crystallization temperature (T_x) were obtained for the alloys using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at the heating rate of 20 K/s. In the results, the differences between the glass temperature and the crystallization temperature (ΔT_x=T_x-T_g) are measured with values ranging up to 33–55 K. The reduced glass transition temperature (T_rg), which is the ratio of the glass temperature to the liquidus temperature (T_l), is often used as an indication of the glass-forming ability of metallic alloys. For the present Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloys, this ratio is typically in the range of 0.5838–0.5959, characteristic of metallic alloys with good glass-forming ability. The elastic constants for several selected alloys were measured using ultrasonic methods. The values of the elastic shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson’s ratio were also given.     

Phase stability in high entropy alloys: Formation of solid-solution phase or amorphous phase

The alloy design for equiatomic multi-component alloys was rationalized by statistically analyzing the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy, mixing entropy, electronegativity, valence electron concentration among constituent elements in solid solutions forming high entropy alloys and amorphous alloys. Solid solution phases form and only form when the requirements of the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy and mixing entropy are all met. The most significant difference between the solid solution forming high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses lies in the atomic size differen ce. These rules provide valuable guidance for the future development of high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses.     

Phase stability in high entropy alloys: Formation of solid-solution phase or amorphous phase

The alloy design for equiatomic multi-component alloys was rationalized by statistically analyzing the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy, mixing entropy, electronegativity, valence electron concentration among constituent elements in solid solutions forming high entropy alloys and amorphous alloys. Solid solution phases form and only form when the requirements of the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy and mixing entropy are all met. The most significant difference between the solid solution forming high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses lies in the atomic size difference. These rules provide valuable guidance for the future development of high entropy alloys and bulk metallic glasses.     

论高铝锌合金的组织形成过程

本文论述了高铝锌合金一次结晶过程中枝晶偏析、非平衡共晶体的形成和包晶反应,固态下的调幅分解和共析转变以及某些合金元素对铸态组织和固态相变的影响。     

LiBr-SrBr2二元体系的热力学优化和计算

运用CALPHAD(相图计算)技术对LiBr—SrBr2二元体系进行优化和计算,计算得到的共晶点为34．93％(摩尔百分比) SrBr2,709．20 K,化合物LiSr2Br5的转熔温度和组成分别为760．00 K和55．43％(摩尔百分比)SrBr2．从LiBr—SrBr2体系的实验数据出发,预报了该体系液相混合焓和混合熵,计算得到的结果与实验相图和热力学数据相吻合．     

贮氢合金放氢反应标准摩尔焓的数学模型

利用逐步回归法和TiFexM系贮氢合金放氢平台压数据，建立了放氢反应标准摩尔焓的数学模型。并对合金放氢反应的焓变进行计算预报，结果发现模型预报值能较好地符合实验值。     

Sn-Ag(Cu)合金熔体的电阻率-温度行为

以电阻率法探索了Sn-Ag(Cu)系无铅焊料诸多合金熔体的电阻率-温度行为及变化规律.结果表明,该系合金熔体电阻率随温度在某些温度区域发生异常变化,提示熔体结构状态发生改变.此外,Cu及Ag成分的微量改变,既影响异常区的温度范围,又影响电阻率-温度行为特征.还从化学短程序消散及重组的角度分析了有关异常行为.     

Microstructure evolution and phase transformation of traditional cast and spray-formed hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys induced by heat treatment

Microstructural evolution and phase transformation induced by different heat treatments of the hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy, Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu (wt%, signed as 3C), fabricated by traditional cast (TC) and spray forming (SF) processes, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that Al₇Cu₂Fe phase can be formed and transformed in TC- and SF-3C alloys between 802–813 K and 800–815 K, respectively. The transformation from β-Al₅FeSi to δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase via peritectic reaction can occur at around 858–870 K and 876–890 K in TC- and SF-3C alloys, respectively. The starting precipitation temperature of δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase as the dominant Fe-bearing phase in the TC-3C alloy is 997 K and the exothermic peak about the peritectic transformation of δ-Al₄FeSi₂→β-Al₅FeSi is not detected in the present DSC experiments. Also, the mechanisms of the microstructural evolution and phase transformation are discussed.     

浇注温度对AlSi7Mg合金显微组织的影响

研究了不同的烧注温度对铸造AlSi7Mg合金凝固组织的影响。实验表明：当浇注湿度接近液相线温度时,AlSi7Mg合金中的初生α－Al凝固成球状或粒状,晶粒细小,分布均匀;获得球状或粒状AlSi7Mg合金半固态坯料的最佳浇注温度为615℃;在接近液相线温度下浇注,较快的合金溶体冷却速度、浇注引起的合金溶体流动和大范围的同时凝固促使AlSi7Mg合金形成球状或粒状的初生α－Al组织。     

液相线铸造铝合金2618显微组织

采用液相线铸造法即在液相线温度铸造变形铝合金２６１８获得了金属半固态加工要求的细小、等轴的“非枝晶”组织,同时考察了铸造温度、冷却速度及再加热温度和时间对该组织的影响·结果表明,在一定冷却速度条件下在液相线温度铸造能获得适合于半固态加工的细小球形晶粒,并且该组织在再加热回半固态仍能保持稳定·     

Hydrogen storage performances of the as-milled REMg11Ni (RE = Sm, Y) alloys catalyzed by CeO2

The addition of catalysts and rare earth elements is considered to be very effective methods to enhance the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties of Mg and Mg-based hydrides. In this paper, the REMg11 Ni+ 5 wt%CeO_2(RE = Sm, Y)(named REMg11 Ni-5 CeO_2(RE = Sm, Y)) alloys were fabricated through ball milling. The phase composition and structure of the as-milled alloys were investigated in detail. The isothermal hydrogen storage thermodynamics and kinetics of the as-milled alloys were measured by using an automatically Sievert apparatus. Non-isothermal dehydrogenation performance of the alloys was investigated by thermogravimetry(TG) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) at different heating rates. The results revealed that all the asmilled alloys were the nanocrystalline and amorphous structure. The RE = Y alloy had a faster hydriding rate and a lower onset hydrogen desorption temperature than the RE = Sm alloy. The superior property of the RE= Y alloy depended on the decrease of the dehydrogenation activation energy. By means of the measurement of Pressure-Composition-Isotherm(P-C-T) curves, the thermodynamic parameters of the REMg11 Ni-5 CeO_2(RE =Sm, Y) alloys were calculated, and the dehydrogenation enthalpy change was 74.86 k J/mol for the RE = Sm alloy and 73.75 k J/mol for the RE = Y alloy, respectively.     

近液相线半连续铸造中凝固组织的多尺度模拟

建立了描述连续铸造过程的温度场模型及相变模型,通过固相率变化将宏观和介观尺度上的模拟耦合起来.利用外推边界条件对Al-Cu合金在近液相线半连续铸造过程的稳态温度场进行了计算;根据连续铸造特点,提出了用液/固相变区域中元胞的平均过冷度作为形核计算的基本参数,避免了铸件中心区域的多余形核问题.对Al-(3.5~10)%Cu合金、铸造速度为2.0 mm/s的液相线铸造的凝固组织进行了模拟,并且ZL201合金的模拟结果与实验吻合.计算表明:合金成分对半固态合金组织的形成有较大影响,当合金质量分数在(8~10)%时可获得晶粒大小和分布良好的合金组织.     

交流磁场下7075铝合金液相线和固相线温度变化

在7075铝合金凝固过程中施加频率为50Hz的交流磁场,磁场强度的变化范围为0 06T,0 09T,0 12T·运用双电桥法分别测定了上述凝固过程的电阻 温度曲线,确定了合金在不同磁场条件下凝固的液相线和固相线温度·实验结果表明:在交流磁场中凝固的合金,其液相线和固相线温度均明显提高,并且结晶温度间隔变小,磁场强度越大,这种变化越明显·与未加磁场的合金相比,经交变磁场处理后的合金,其液相线温度上升了7 5～12 5℃,固相线温度升高了10～20℃·交流磁场作用改变了固液界面前沿液相中的原子团簇向固相跳动时所需克服的势垒,最终导致合金熔点的改变·