大鼠胃幽门括约肌NOS阳性神经元的分布特异性

目的 :研究 NO能神经元在大鼠幽门括约肌的特异性分布状态及其功能。方法 :采用还原型辅酶 组织化学技术 ,在冰冻切片和胃—幽门—十二指肠连续全层标本上显示 NOS阳性神经元成分。结果 :幽门括约肌粘膜下丛及肌间神经丛均有 NOS阳性神经元分布。在与括约肌紧连的胃和小肠 ,胃的神经丛大而丛间距较大 ,神经纤维粗而稀疏 ,小肠神经丛小而密集 ,纤维较细。胃幽门括约肌大弯侧神经元胞体和神经纤维均明显比小弯侧多 ,而前、后壁之间无明显差异。结果 :幽门括约肌舒缩功能活动除接受两侧胃肠的神经及其递质调控外 ,而其自身含有内在的 NO能神经元也具有直接的自主活动功能。     

霍乱毒素结合辣根过氧化物酶逆行追踪大鼠幽门括约肌神经纤维

目的:胃幽门括约肌是胃肠动力调控的重要装置和结构,探讨胃幽门括约肌神经纤维的来源,特别是内源性神经元的支配,更好地了解幽门括约肌神经支配与胃肠功能的相互关系.方法:采用霍乱毒素结合辣根过氧化物酶(CB-HRP)逆行神经通路追踪法显示幽门括约肌神经纤维的分布与胞体定位.结果:幽门括约肌处以及胃前壁、胃大弯侧壁肌内均可观察到HRP标记的阳性神经元胞体.小肠、迷走孤束核复合体出现HRP阳性标记细胞.在胃肠壁内观察到HRP标记细胞中的VIP或NO双重标记的存在.结论:幽门括约肌以及胃肠内固有的肠神经系统及外源性自主神经均参与对括约肌调控的神经机制.     

卷宗

基础医学大鼠胃幽门括约肌 NO S阳性神经元的分布特异性 (李琴 ,等 )……(1) :1………………………………………………………………绿茶提取物抗肿瘤生化调节作用的实验研究 (韩志红 ,等 )………(1) :4………………………………………………………………茶色素胶囊的稳定性研究 (张涛 ,等 ) (1) :4 2………………………炎性化学损伤对大鼠胃移行性复合运动的影响 (李琴 ,等 )………(2 ) :1………………………………………………………………制作板障标本的几点体会 (易卉玲 ,等 ) (2 ) :3………………………大鼠胃幽门括约肌 ACh E阳性神…     

大鼠肠道肠肌丛内血管活性肠肽能神经元的分布

目的:比较观察血管活性肠肽(VIP)能神给元在大鼠肠道内的分布.方法:用免疫组织化学方法显示肠壁各层和肠肌丛内VIP神经成分.结果:(1)大肠壁各层、肠肌丛及节(丛)间束内富含VIP神经纤维,丛内终末网形成较密网.岂绕着阳性或阴性神经元胞体、其分布密度结肠>直肠.神经节(丛)内含VIP神经元胞体较少,有的胞体突起很长.1cm结肠和直肠管撕片肠肌丛内含VIP神经元胞体总数分别为39和14个.(2)小肠壁各层、肠肌丛及节间束内含VIP神经纤维极丰富,形成浓密网.其分布密度回肠>空肠>十二指肠.神经节(丛)内含VIP神经元胞体稍多,胞体近端突起明显.有的较长.1cm十二指肠、空肠和回肠管撕片肠肌丛内含VIP胞体总数分别为221.469.490个.结论:VIP能神经元在大鼠不同肠段和各层结构中的分布密度有明显差别,可能有其不同生理功能.     

人胃胆碱能神经支配的研究

选用成年健康男性尸体8例,死后迅速取下胃,并将其分成胃底、胃体、胃窦及胃幽门管4部分。光镜ChAT、AChE染色,显微图像分析仪对胃各部位肌间神经丛神经细胞内酶含量进行定量分析,同时进行透射电镜标本制备。结果表明,胃各部位胆碱能神经元的分布及细胞内酶含量不同,神经纤维与平滑肌间形成远距离突触,电镜下AChE定位于粗面内质网。最后对实验结果分别进行了讨论。     

乙酰胆碱酯酶阳性神经在大鼠小肠壁丛内分布的研究——酶组织化学法

大鼠小肠壁切片和撕片标本,用酶组织化学法观察小肠壁层和肠肌丛内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)阳性神经的分布。结果发现:(1)小肠壁各层和肠肌丛内神经纤维十分丰富,神经纤维的分布密度从十二指肠向空肠到回肠有逐渐增高趋势。(2)肠肌丛中有大量酶阳性神经元胞体,密布于节(丛)和节间束内,有些细胞突起在丛内和节间交织成网,有的突起末端膨大呈终扣样与邻近的细胞体呈突触样接触,小肠各段肠肌丛的节细胞酶活性和分布密度有明显差别:回肠>空肠>十二指肠,分别为37.1％,33.5％,28.7％。     

中国龙虾消化道的组织学与组织化学研究

应用组织学和组织化学方法研究中国龙虾的消化道.消化道可分为前肠、中肠和后肠.前肠包括口、食道和胃,胃可分为贲门胃和幽门胃,贲门胃内有由几丁质齿、嵴和刚毛组成的胃磨,幽门胃内则有由几丁质板、衬垫及栉状刚毛组成的过滤器.组织学研究结果表明,消化道壁由粘膜层、结缔组织层、肌肉层和外膜构成;除中肠外,其余消化管壁上皮均覆盖有几丁质层;消化道上皮基本由单层柱状细胞构成;肌肉层从排列上可分为纵肌、环肌和放射肌,主要由平滑肌构成,其中食道壁肌肉为骨骼肌;外膜不明显.组织化学研究表明,消化道各段中,几丁质表层的多糖物质含量较多,结缔组织和粘液腺中的次之,中、后肠上皮细胞中含少量糖原;肌肉细胞内含丰富的蛋白质和部分脂类,结缔组织和各段上皮的含量次之.还探讨了中国龙虾消化道的结构与功能的关系.     

三疣梭子蟹幼体消化道发育的组织学研究

三疣梭子蟹的消化道分前肠、中肠和后肠,前后肠起源于外胚层,腔内有角质衬里,中肠起源 内胚层,腔内玩角质层,消化管壁均由上皮层、结缔组织层、肌肉层和外有肠包括口腔、食道和胃,食道壁内褶形成食道嵴的折叠程度以及食道放射肌的排列随幼体发育而增加。胃的结构复杂,其内的角质层特民前部的胃磨徨部的腺滤器。胃磨、腺滤器、贲门胃和幽门胃之间的比例以及贲门－幽门瓣在幼体发育过程中变化明显。中肠的前端背面有一对前盲囊     

长蛸消化道的组织学与组织化学研究

用组织学和组织化学方法对长蛸消化道进行了研究,长蛸消化道由口、食道、嗉囊、胃、胃盲囊、肠和直肠组成,消化管壁由３层组成：粘膜层、粘膜下层和肌层。粘膜层为单层上皮,由柱状或立方细胞组成,在胃盲囊、肠和直肠还含有粘液细胞、食道、嗉囊和胃粘膜上皮表面衬有护膜,胃盲囊内壁形成长的侧褶,胃盲囊和肠柱状细胞呈现蛋白酶、非特异性酯酶、脂酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,细胞表面有密集的微绒毛,是食物消化和吸收的主要部位,胃盲     

皇冠沙鳅消化道组织学观察

采用解剖和光镜技术对皇冠沙鳅消化道的结构进行了详细观察.结果表明:皇冠沙鳅的消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃、肠及肛门5个部分组成,肠道系数为(0.53±0.02),为典型的肉食性鱼类.口咽腔及食道粘膜层上皮为复层扁平上皮,内含杯状细胞、粘液细胞,偶见味蕾分布;胃"U"形,粘膜层上皮为单层柱状上皮,无杯状细胞,贲门部及胃体部具丰富胃腺,幽门部稀少甚至消失,幽门部肌肉层发达.肠由前肠、中肠和后肠3个部分组成.前肠粘膜褶皱数最多,中肠粘膜褶皱最高,后肠杯状细胞最多且肌肉层最厚.皇冠沙鳅消化道的组织结构特点与其消化和吸收作用关系密切.     

大白鼠海马神经元NOS与AChE活性的研究

目的:观察大白鼠海马不同亚区一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)阳性神经元的活性。方法:分别采用还原型尼克酰胺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)组织化学方法对大白鼠海马不同亚区NOS和AChE阳性神经元的分布以及活性进行研究。结果:海马不同亚区均含有NOS和AChE阳性神经元,其中CA2区NOS呈强阳性反应,CA3区AChE呈强阳性反应。结论:实验表明,NOS和AChE阳性神经元广泛分布于大白鼠海马不同亚区,为进一步探讨海马的学习记忆功能机制提供了形态学佐证。     

消化道肌肉收缩运动及其压力波检测仪

用生物力学的观点,对上消化道高压带径向运动进行分析,将其分为弹性收缩、挤合和封闭三种运动状态。依据这种理论,对测试上消化道仪器的传感器及信号处理提出比较合理的设计,将压力传感器微型化后,使用液态偶合传递压力波,并将其置于光纤胃镜的头部,从结构上使传感器具有受控伸出和缩入的功能,这样传感器在光纤胃镜直视下,能在各待测点准确定位,测出各待测部位的压力,特别测出了幽门括约肌压力(PSP):正常中国人的PSP=21.8±1.3mmHg。文中详细讨论了有关测量方法,给出了仪器框图、技术关键及数据收集方法。     

Nerve growth factor induces adrenergic neuronal differentiation in F9 teratocarcinoma cells

Teratocarcinoma cells have been used as a model to study differentiation and development in vertebrates. Treatment with retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP can in some embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines lead to neural differentiation, as judged by neurofilament expression and by the induction of enzymes involved in cholinergic transmission. Short-term culture of F9 line cells with RA and dibutyryl cyclic AMP results in a biochemically demonstrable rise in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. We now report that long-term culture of F9 cells with RA and dibutyryl cyclic AMP induces neurofilament expression, demonstrated by immunofluorescence with specific antibodies. Furthermore, if nerve growth factor (NGF) is also added, the developing neurone-like cells exhibit immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis specific for adrenergic neurones. Immunoreactivity for Leu-enkephalin-like peptides is also induced. These results suggest that F9 cells can differentiate into cells with adrenergic characteristics.     

Modulation of the response of a photosensitive muscle by beta-adrenergic regulation of cyclic AMP levels

The light-induced constriction of the irises of some vertebrates is mediated by photosensitive pupillary sphincter cells, which have rhodopsin molecules in their sarcolemmas. Light-induced isomerization of these rhodopsin molecules leads to the release of Ca2+ from an internal pool, which in turn activate the contractile proteins. A central nervous reflex is therefore not essential for the light responsiveness of these irises, but they do appear to be innervated. The photosensitive iris of the toad receives sympathetic (adrenergic) innervation. Stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the eye or application of adrenergic agonists to the iris cause pupillary dilation due to relaxation of the sphincter muscle. We show here that beta-adrenergic stimulation of toad sphincter cells modulates their photoresponses by elevating the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. However, cyclic AMP does not appear to be involved in the transduction event but rather alters the availability of Ca2+ for contraction.     

Substance P-immunoreactive retinal ganglion cells and their central axon terminals in the rabbit

Retinal ganglion cells are the projection neurons that link the retina to the brain. Peptide immunoreactive cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the mammalian retina have been noted but their identity has not been determined. We now report that, in the rabbit, 25-35% of all retinal ganglion cells contain substance P-like (SP) immunoreactivity. They were identified by either retrograde transport of fluorescent tracers injected into the superior colliculus, or by retrograde degeneration after optic nerve section. SP immunoreactive cells are present in all parts of the retina and have medium to large cell bodies with dendrites that ramify extensively in the proximal inner plexiform layer. Their axons terminate in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus and accessory optic nuclei, and these terminals disappear completely after contralateral optic nerve section and/or eye enucleation. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus large, beaded, immunoreactive axons and varicosities make up a narrow plexus just below the optic tract, where they define a new geniculate lamina. The varicosities make multiple synaptic contacts with dendrites of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus projection neurons and presumptive interneurons in complex glomerular neuropil. This is direct evidence that some mammalian retinal ganglion cells contain substance P-like peptides and strongly suggests that, in the rabbit, substance P (or related tachykinins) may be a transmitter or modulator in a specific population or populations of retinal ganglion cells.     

Cyclic AMP stabilizes a class of developmentally regulated Dictyostelium discoideum mRNAs

The stability of mRNA is an important facet of the regulation of protein synthesis. In mammalian cells most mRNAs have long half-lives (5-15 hours) but a substantial fraction are much less stable. There are few examples where the stability of a particular mRNA or class of mRNAs is specifically affected by environmental or developmental stimuli. Certain hormones cause specific stabilization of mRNAs species and preferential mRNA stability is important in the accumulation of globin and myosin mRNAs during the terminal stages of erythropoesis or myogenesis, respectively. Disaggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum aggregates induces the specific destabilization of a large class of developmentally regulated mRNAs; thus, this system is an excellent one in which to determine how such controls are effected. Here we show that addition of cyclic AMP to disaggregated cells specifically prevents the destabilization of these mRNAs.     

Peripheral nerve injury triggers central sprouting of myelinated afferents.

The central terminals of primary afferent neurons are topographically highly ordered in the spinal cord. Peripheral receptor sensitivity is reflected by dorsal horn laminar location: low-threshold mechanoreceptors terminate in laminae III and IV (refs 2, 3) and high-threshold nociceptors in laminae I, II and V (refs 4,5). Unmyelinated C fibres, most of which are nociceptors, terminate predominantly in lamina II (refs 5, 7). There is therefore an anatomical framework for the transfer of specific inputs to localized subsets of dorsal horn neurons. This specificity must contribute to the relationship between a low-intensity stimulus and an innocuous sensation and a noxious stimulus and pain. We now show that after peripheral nerve injury the central terminals of axotomized myelinated afferents, including the large A beta fibres, sprout into lamina II. This structural reorganization in the adult central nervous system may contribute to the development of the pain mediated by A-fibres that can follow nerve lesions in humans.