陕西关中地区小麦白粉菌越夏问题的再探讨

入夏期在陕西杨凌室外小气候环境下设置小麦白粉菌越夏试验，人工夏播感白粉病小麦品种7期．结果表明，每播期麦苗均能以病菌无性世代分生孢子形态感染罹病，使白粉病菌顺利越夏．越夏期最热，旬平均气温为31℃、平均湿度为62．55％．从关中秦岭北麓和渭北旱塬麦区病菌越夏带调查分析表明，小麦白粉病菌可以分生孢子形态越夏存活；病菌越夏存活数量的多寡与当地越冬前菌源基础量的关系不大．     

冀东冬小麦根腐病菌的生物学特性研究

对分离自冀东地区冬小麦上的根腐病菌的生物学特性的研究结果表明，病菌的菌丝生长温度范围为０～３９℃，最适温度为２４～２８℃；分生孢子在５～３５℃内均可萌发，１５～２４℃范围内萌发率高且芽管粗壮；产孢的温度范围为８～３０℃，２０～２２℃范围内产孢量最大；ｐＨ值在２～１２范围内菌丝都能生长，最适ｐＨ值为６～８；产孢的ｐＨ值范围为３～１０，中性或微酸性条件下，产孢量最大；分生孢子在ｐＨ值４～１０范围内均可萌发，中性或微酸性条件下萌发率最高；光照对病菌的生长发育影响较小；分生孢子在空气相对湿度低于９５％时不能萌发，水滴中的萌发率最高；营养利于孢子的萌发。     

毛竹慢性枯萎病菌和生物学特性的研究

试验表明:毛竹慢性枯萎病的病原菌是一种粘帚霉(Gliocladium sp.).病菌初生分生孢子梗轮枝状,次生分生孢子梗青霉状,分生孢子大小2.4-6.2×1.9-3.2 μ m.病菌生长最适温度25-30℃;分生孢子萌发最适温度为25-35℃;分生孢子萌发的pH范围3-11,最适pH 5-8;最适碳源为半乳糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖.病菌生长和分生孢子萌发的适宜温度偏高,35℃条件下的生长速度和萌发要优于15℃条件下.     

砂仁叶斑病病原菌生物学特性的研究

通过对砂仁叶斑病病原菌（Phyllosticta glycines Thum.）生物学特性的研究表明：适宜的温度和酸碱度有利于病菌的生长;病菌生长的温度范围为5～35℃,菌丝生长的最适p H值为7;孢子萌发的最适p H值为6;病菌菌丝在含淀粉和硝酸钙的Czapek培养基上生长最快;分生孢子萌发的最佳碳源是乳糖;菌丝对光照条件要求不严格,但紫外光能促进分生孢子的形成;无碳、氮源时,菌丝生长不良,长势差;RH95%以下时,分生孢子不能萌发;菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度为分别为55℃和60℃。     

砂仁炭疽病病原菌生物学特性的研究

通过对砂仁炭疽病病原菌的生物学特性研究,结果表明：适宜的温度能促进砂仁炭疽病菌的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发;菌丝生长的适宜pH值为5～7;以蔗糖和麦芽糖为菌丝生长的最适碳源,硝酸钙为最适氮源,分生孢子萌发的最适碳源是果糖;无硝酸钠和无蔗糖的条件下,菌丝生长不良,长势较差;相对湿度在95%以下时,分生孢子不萌发,在水膜条件下萌发较好;通气条件能促进菌丝的生长和分生孢子萌发;光照条件对菌丝生长的影响不明显,但连续光照易促进分生孢子的产生;菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度分别为52℃和55℃.     

Mang果炭疽病菌微循环产孢的研究

报道不同培养条件对Ｍａｎｇ果炭疽病菌（Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ ｇｌｏｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ）微循环产孢的影响。该病菌微循环产孢的ｐＨ值范围为４．０～１０．０，最适为６．０；一定浓度的酵母膏液、葡萄糖液有利于其微循环产孢。黑暗、荧光与黑暗交替、荧光处理等促进微循环产孢，其中，以黑暗、荧光与黑暗交替处理产生的二次分生孢子的平均数最多，微循环产孢的适宜温度为２０℃～３５℃，最适为２５℃～３０℃；     

石榴、芋头、甘薯寄主的甘薯长喙壳菌形态学研究

对来自云南的以石榴,甘薯,芋头为寄主的甘薯长喙壳病菌在有性时代(子囊壳,子囊孢子),无性时代(厚垣孢子,桶状分生孢子,圆柱形分生孢子)进行观察、测量.结果发现来自3个寄主的病菌无性时代的厚垣孢子,桶状分生孢子,圆柱形分生孢子无显著差异;有性时代的子囊壳,子囊孢子形态均较为一致.但在子囊壳喙长上,来自石榴,芋头的菌株一致,而来自甘薯的菌株明显长于石榴和芋头的菌株,存在显著性差异.     

毛竹基腐病菌（Arthrinium phaeospermum）的研究

报道毛竹基腐病菌（暗孢节菱孢）的形态特征，孢子萌发方式和主要生态特性。电镜观察表明，该菌的基本形态与Ｍ．Ｂ．Ｅｌｌｉｓ所描述的一致外，还发现了一些未被描述过的孢子类型：（１）长椭圆形一棍棒状的分生孢子；（２）向顶性陆续形成的分生孢子链；（３）间生和顶生的厚坦孢子。孢子萌发试验结果表明：该菌的分生孢子有两种萌发方式：一种是产生芽管，另一种是产生泡囊，囊中含有多个无色球状或椭圆形的孢子。适合孢子萌发的     

福建省香蕉炭疽病菌生物学特性研究

本文主要研究了香蕉炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum musae)生物学特性。结果表明:在供试培养基中以rye、大豆培养基和CA培养基上生长良好,该菌在15-30℃范围内均可生长,适宜温度范围为25-30℃,分生孢子的致死温度为50℃15min、55℃5min或60℃5min。在pH5-10的范围内该菌均能生长和产孢,最适pH6-7,分生孢子萌发最适pH5-6,全黑暗有利于病菌生长,分生孢子在饱各湿度或水滴中萌发快,葡萄糖对分生孢子萌发具有促进作用,相对湿度低于80%时不能萌发,病菌对葡萄糖和蛋白胨的利用较高。     

银杏叶枯病初侵染源的研究

１９８９－１９９２年间，以银杏的冬芽、幼叶、嫩叶以及越冬后的落叶等为试验材料进行研究。结果表明，银杏叶枯病的三种病菌均能在冬芽和落叶上越冬。当春季节萌发后，银杏叶枯病的主要病原链格孢菌能转移到部分嫩叶上，继续进行潜伏侵染，但其数量显著下降。３－６月间，越冬后落叶上的链格孢菌可以大量形成呈丛状的分生孢子梗，并不断产生新的分生孢子。上一年在落叶上产后的分生孢子，越冬后仍具有一定的发芽率。就病害的侵染源     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with