红烧肉冻藏过程中挥发性风味物质衰减研究

为研究红烧肉冻藏过程中挥发性风味物质衰减情况,采用固相微萃取气相色谱质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)对不同冻藏期的样品中挥发性风味成分进行检测分析.结果显示,共检测到82种挥发性风味物质,冻藏180 d的红烧肉酯类、酮类和其他类化合物的种类有所增加,醇类、碳氢类、酸类、杂环类和含硫化合物种类数没有变化,醛类化合物种类数减少.而相对含量的变化则各不相同,经过180 d的冻结贮藏,酯类和醛类相对含量有所增加,酮类、含硫类和碳氢类化合物相对含量减少,酸类和其他类化合物相对含量变化不大.进一步进行主成分分析,未冻藏的与冻藏30~120 d及冻藏150~180 d的红烧肉风味物质主成分分别处在不同位置.综合评定显示,加工后未冻结贮藏产品综合得分最高,在120 d的冻藏时间内,产品风味仍然得到很好的保持,至180 d风味有所衰减,但其衰减程度不大.     

虎纹蛙肌肉挥发性风味成分的分析

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)法提取虎纹蛙肌肉中的挥发性风味成分,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对提取的风味成分进行了分离鉴定,共鉴定出50种化合物,包括醛类、酮类、醇类、芳香烃类、酸类、呋喃类、酯类、酚类和含硫化合物等,其中醛类化合物的含量最高,占总量的63.50%.3-甲基丁醛、己醛、(Z)-4-庚烯醛、(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、苯甲醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、2,3-戊二酮、2,3-辛二酮、2-戊基呋喃、乙酸乙酯和二甲基三硫等可能是构成虎纹蛙肌肉特征风味的重要挥发性物质.     

恩施山胡椒中挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

以恩施市山胡椒果实为原料,利用顶空固相微萃取技术(HS-SPME)提取挥发性成分,采用气质联用仪(GC-MS)结合保留指数鉴定出24种物质,占总挥发性物质的87.516%,有萜类、醛类、酯类.其中萜类共计22种,占比82.422%,含量较高的是柠檬醛(32.638%)、橙花醛(顺式柠檬醛)(32.459%)、3,7-二甲基-3,6-辛二烯醛(4.868%)、香茅醛(3.568%)、β-石竹烯(3.431%).挥发性成分中的73.58%具有抗菌活性,因此山胡椒可作为食品天然杀菌料复合于食品调味料中,达到杀菌防腐、协调风味的多重效果.     

山胡椒不同部位挥发性化学成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取山胡椒的果实和花中的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分离鉴定了山胡椒果实和花的挥发性成分.结果表明:从山胡椒果实中鉴定出28种挥发性化合物,其中主要挥发化合物有顺式-α-蒎烯、(-)-蒎烯、莰烯、α-月桂烯、柠檬烯、(E)-柠檬醛、香茅醛等;从山胡椒花中鉴定出19种挥发性化合物,其中主要是桧烯、ɑ-月桂烯、松油醇、8-十七碳烯、桉油精等.将山胡椒果实和花中的挥发性化合物进行对比分析,以便于了解山胡椒果实和花中的挥发性成分存在的差别,以及花中独有主要成分的性质和用途.     

黄颡鱼罐头加工过程中挥发性风味物质的变化

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(SPME-GC-MS),研究黄颡鱼罐头加工过程中挥发性风味物质的变化.结果表明:黄颡鱼罐头加工过程中共鉴定出27种挥发性风味物质,加工过程中挥发性风味物质的种类和含量不断变化,吡嗪类化合物种类从0增加到6种,增长最为显著;醇类化合物种类变化不大,但是相对含量逐渐增加;醛类、酮类的种类和相对含量都较少,但对于黄颡鱼罐头整体风味有一定贡献;杂环类化合物除2–正己基噻吩外其他化合物种类和相对含量变化不大.     

高盐稀态酱油挥发性风味物质的分离与鉴定

分别采用固相微萃取(SPME)、同时蒸馏萃取(VSDE)和直接溶剂萃取(DSE)法对高盐稀态酱油挥发性风味物质进行分离、浓缩,并利用气质联用色谱(GC-MS)对其挥发性风味物质进行鉴定.试验共鉴定出147种风味化合物,其中酸类17种、醇类12种、醛类16种、酯类36种、呋喃(酮)类12种、酮类13种、杂环化合物14种、酚类8种、吡喃(酮)类6种、吡嗪类4种、吡咯(酮)类3种、含硫化合物6种.研究结果表明,主要挥发性风味化合物为酯、酸、醛、杂环化合物和醇类,其中酯类化合物的数量和相对含量最多;此外,有16种日式和韩式酱油中的关键风味化合物在国产高盐稀态酱油中被检出.     

高盐稀态酱油挥发性风味物质的分离、鉴定－修改

本文分别采用固相微萃取(SPME)、同时蒸馏萃取(VSDE)和直接溶剂萃取(DSE)法对高盐稀态酱油挥发性风味物质进行了分离、浓缩,并利用气质联用(GC-MS)对其挥发性风味物质进行了鉴定。共鉴定出147种风味化合物,其中酸类17种、醇类12种、醛类16种、酯类36种、呋喃（酮）12种、酮类13种、杂环化合物14种、酚类8种、吡喃（酮）6种、吡嗪类4种、吡咯（酮）3种、含硫化合物6种。研究结果表明高盐稀态酱油主要挥发性风味化合物为酯、酸、醛、杂环化合物和醇类;其中酯类化合物的数量和相对含量最多。此外,与日式和韩式酱油中的关键风味化合物相比,16种关键风味化合物在国产高盐稀态酱油中被检出。     

木糖葡萄球菌对发酵香肠挥发性风味化合物的影响

用木糖葡萄球菌(staphylococcus xylosus)发酵香肠,通过顶空固相微草取-气相色谱-质谱(SPME-GC-MS)联用技术测定挥发酵性风味物质种类和含量,研究香肠发酵过程中木糖葡萄球茵对发酵香肠挥发性风味物质的影响.结果显示:共检测到风味化合物99种,其中对照76种,木糖葡萄球菌68种,主要包括醛10种、酯32种,酮12种、醇16种、烃11种、酸13种、酚1种和杂环4种.对照组酯类与烃类含量最高,木糖葡萄球菌处理中酯类和醇类含量较高.木糖葡萄球菌对香肠风味物质的含量有明显的影响,这些物质对发酵香肠风味的形成起到了重要作用.     

低乙烯气调贮藏对“秦美”猕猴桃的品质和货架期的影响

“秦美”猕猴桃含可溶性固形物达到６．２－６．５％时进行采收。在０±０．５℃,Ｏ２２－３％,ＣＯ２３－５％,相对湿度＞９０％,乙烯浓度＜０．０１ｐｐｍ环境中贮藏６个月。结果表明,果实硬度５．５２ｋｇ／０．５ｃｍ２,可溶性固形物含量１２－１４％;果实新鲜饱满、风味正常,具有猕猴桃的固有特性,货架期１５－２０天。     

贮藏条件和贮前品质对猕猴桃贮藏效果的影响

研究了几种简易贮藏方式对“米良1号”猕猴桃果实贮后性状的影响, 果实硬度和可溶性固形物的变化规律.结果表明:以100~ 125 g的“米良1号”无伤正常果进行常温换气贮藏,贮后90 d 优质果率比较理想; 果实入贮后的前30 d是果实硬度下降最快、可溶性固形物上升最快的时期.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that