基于序列到序列模型的法律问题关键词抽取

传统的关键词抽取算法不能够抽取那些没有在文本当中出现过的关键词,因此在抽取法律问题(短文本)的关键词任务上效果不佳。该文提出了一种基于强化学习的序列到序列(seq2seq)模型来从法律问题中抽取关键词。首先,编码器将给定法律问题文本的语义信息压入一个密集矢量;然后,解码器自动生成关键词。因为在关键词抽取任务中,生成的关键词的前后顺序无关紧要,所以引入强化学习来训练所提出的模型。该模型结合了强化学习在决策上的优势和序列到序列模型在长期记忆方面的优势,在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,该模型在关键词抽取任务上有较好的效果。     

基于模板学习的智能侨情问句生成方法

为解决侨情问句甚少导致训练的侨情语料较少的问题,提出一种基于模板学习的智能侨情问句生成方法。首先,对侨情篇章文本进行包含主题、关系、对象的三元组抽取;其次,构建训练数据集,输入数据由主题和关系构成,输出数据为问句模板;随后,采用以BERT+LSTM+Attention为核心算法的seq2seq框架,实现问句模板生成;最后,对模板问句进行主题文本替换,从而得到最终的实例化问句。采用BLEU,ROUGE-N,公开问答系统评测及人工评价方式对文中方法进行评价。结果表明：BLEU,ROUGE-N,公开问答系统评测及人工评价方式对文中方法的评测结果分别为0.77,0.67,81%,88%,较基线模型有较大的提升。     

基于CNN-seq2 seq的运动心率检测系统

针对当前可穿戴式心率检测设备在运动条件下的心率测量准确度不高的问题,提出了一种卷积神经网络结合序列到序列网络(CNN-seq2seq)的深度学习算法,提取在运动状态下的光电容积脉搏波(photoplethysmograph,PPG)中的心率值的方法.结合卷积神经网络在特征提取方面的特点,并利用长短期记忆网络在时序数据处...     

区分冗余序列的抽象文本摘要

序列到序列模型已经被广泛用于抽象文本摘要中,主要将源端语句的词序列通过神经网络生成摘要的词序列.在生成过程中,源端语句所携带的信息被编码,继而由解码器生成摘要.源端句子中包含有两种类型的信息,一类是与摘要有关联的信息,另一类是与摘要无关的冗余信息.为了区分这两类信息,提出了一种新的模型架构,在序列到序列模型的目标端加入冗余序列信息,通过解码器分别生成摘要文本以及冗余文本.将该模型应用于Gigaword英文测试集和LCSTS中文测试集,测试结果表明:相对于基准系统Transformer模型,加入冗余序列的Transformer模型在评估指标ROUGE-1(recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation-1)下的得分提高了0.7个百分点,证明该模型能够生成更高质量的抽象文本摘要.     

BiLSTM与多头注意力机制结合的生成式中文自动文摘

针对传统生成式模型在处理文本时出现梯度消失、爆炸及捕捉到文章前后语义信息不充分的问题,文章提出一种生成式自动文摘网络模型BiLSTM＿MulAtten(BiLSTM and Multi-head Attention)。编码器端使用堆叠BiLSTM将文本编码成语义向量,并且使用多头注意力机制以降低序列信息损失;解码器端使用堆叠LSTM,并利用集束搜索方法对语义向量进行解码。实验结果表明,本文方法能够有效提升生成摘要质量,在语义获取方面有着更好的效果,在LCSTS测试集上比目前文摘效果最好的DRGD方法ROUGE分数提升了0.5%至5.8%。     

多文档短摘要生成技术研究

自动摘要技术用于将较长篇幅的文章压缩为一段较短的能概括原文中心内容的文本。多文档冗余度高,电子设备所展示的空间有限,成为摘要发展面临的挑战。本文提出融合图卷积特征的句子粗粒度排序方法。首先将句子之间的相似度矩阵视为拓扑关系图,对其进行图卷积计算得到图卷积特征。然后通过排序模型融合图卷积特征以及主流的抽取式多文档摘要技术对句子进行重要度排序,选取排名前四的句子作为摘要。最后提出基于Seq2seq框架的短摘要生成模型:①在Encoder部分采用基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的方法;②引入基于注意力的指针机制,并将主题向量融入其中。实验结果表明,在本文场景下,相较于循环神经网络(RNN),在Encoder部分基于CNN能够更好地进行并行化,在效果基本一致的前提下,显著提升效率。此外,相较于传统的基于抽取和压缩的模型,本文提出的模型在ROUGE指标以及可读性(信息度和流利度)方面均取得了显著的效果提升。     

HLMGAN：分层学习的多奖励文本生成对抗网络

文本生成是自然语言处理的一项重要任务.针对生成的文本大多缺乏多样性,且当生成文本过长时,文本生成的质量会有明显下降的问题,提出了一种采用Sentences and Words(SW)奖励机制的传递向量文本生成对抗网络.首先,为生成器提出了层次结构设计,包括传递特征向量训练模块和生成向量训练模块,同时传递判别模型中真实文本特征向量给生成器的传递特征向量训练模块,由此来提高长文本生成的准确率,生成向量训练模块接收其生成词序列;然后,在训练过程中,使用关系存储核心代替传统的长短期记忆循环神经网络模型作为生成器,提高了模型的表达能力和捕获信息的能力;最后,采用SW奖励机制提高文本生成的多样性.实验结果表明,分层学习的多奖励文本生成对抗网络(Generation Adversarial Network Based on Hierarchical Learning with Multi-reward Text,HLMGAN)模型在合成数据负对数似然度和双语互译质量评估辅助工具指标中均有所提升.     

基于改进Transformer的生成式文本摘要模型

基于循环神经网络(recurrent neural network,RNN)注意力机制的序列到序列模型在摘要信息提取服务中已经取得了较好的应用,但RNN不能较好地捕捉长时序信息,这使现有模型受限。为此,提出了基于改进Transformer的生成式文本摘要模型。该模型利用Transformer提取全局语义,使用局部卷积提取器提取原文细粒度特征,并设计全局门控单元以防止信息冗余和弥补语义不足,筛选出利于摘要生成的文本关键信息。实验结果表明,所提模型在大规模中文短文本摘要数据集(large scale Chinese short text summarization,LCSTS)上的效果有明显的提升,在电力运维摘要数据集上,也有良好效果,具有可扩展性。     

改进条件生成对抗网络的文本生成图像方法

该文提出了一种改进条件生成对抗网络的文本生成图像模型(TxtGAN),使用一对生成器和判别器的单阶段生成方式生成高分辨率图像,避免因训练多个GAN消耗大量计算资源.生成器网络由一系列生成模块(RUPBlock)组成,每个模块中应用条件批量归一化方法,在实现图像生成的同时充分融合了文本信息与图像特征,较好地保留了文本信息...     

结合自监督学习的多任务文本语义匹配方法

基于文本交互信息对文本语义匹配模型的重要性,提出一种结合序列生成任务的自监督学习方法.该方法利用自监督模型提取的文本数据对的交互信息,以特征增强的方式辅助基于神经网络的语义匹配模型,构建多任务的文本匹配模型.9个模型的实验结果表明,加入自监督学习模块后,原始模型的效果都有不同程度的提升,表明所提方法可以有效地改进深度文...     

时态关系数据的分类及时态关系表示

讨论了时态关系数据的分类,给出了完全时态关系数据等概念,定义了时态关和系数据的一种表示方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with