美债危机下的我国外汇储备风险应对策略探究

2011年上半年,中国外汇储备规模逼近3.2万亿美元,高居世界榜首。储备资产70%投资于美国资产,35%投资于美国国债,是最大的海外持有国。8月初,爆发美债危机,美元贬值,引致中国外汇储备实际购买力下降,外汇储备面临货币错配风险、投资风险、美元陷阱风险;可以从储备资产多元化、抑制外汇储备规模过快增长、合理调整储备资产期限结构三方面采取有效措施化解美债危机风险。     

我国外汇储备适度规模浅探

外汇储备作为我们国家的资产同其他经济变量一样,存在一个适度规模的问题。外汇储备的持有量应该满足我国对外汇储备规模的需求,但是近几年来,由于众多因素交错影响,我国外汇储备呈现出逐年上升的态势,已经远远超出了我国对外汇储备的需求,相应地也带来了一些成本过高、加大宏观调整难度等负面的影响,所以必须对超额的外汇储备进行有效的管理。其中,最重要的就是对外汇储备规模的定量分析,本文将通过对三种外汇储备量计算方法的分析,得出计算外汇储备量适度规模模型并借此分析我国在04-06年应有的储备量,与实际数字相比并得出结论并提出政策建议。     

我国外汇储备合理规模的分析与界定

合理的外汇储备规模对一个国家的经济安全至关重要.分析了我国外汇储备的基本情况,进而对近年来我国外汇储备增长的原因进行了剖析.并以外汇储备的需求为理论依据,以直接影响因素为核心,加上一些可以量化的间接因素,构建了一个新的外汇储备合理规模的界定模型.最后运用该模型对1994～1999年我国外汇储备进行实证分析,分析结果表明:我国的外汇储备规模整体上偏大.     

我国外汇储备适度规模研究

改革开放以来,随着我国经济的增长和对外经济交往的发展,我国外汇储备的规模出现了快速的增长。截至到2009年9月,外汇储备规模累计22725．95亿美元,外汇储备虽然在平衡国际收支、稳定汇率、应对国际金融危机等方面发挥重要作用,但过量的外汇储备也会增加管理的难度和成本、加大人民币升值的压力,造成资源浪费。本文运用相关因素分析法,对1999—2008年外汇储备适度规模进行测算,指出我国目前外汇储备明显超过适度规模。为此必须采取相应对策,这些对策的实施将有助于我国外汇储备规模达到适度的状态,并且保证储备资产在满足安全性与流动性的前提下,提高其收益性。     

马尔可夫调制的跳扩散过程下可分离交易可转换债券的定价

运用测度变换方法和无套利定价原理,得到了风险资产价格满足马尔可夫调制的跳扩散过程及市场利率是随机利率时,可分离交易可转换债券的定价公式.并利用蒙特卡诺方法给出了数值分析,比较了风险资产价格满足不同金融模型下可分离交易可转换债券的价值差别.     

我国外汇储备规模及管理初探

2006年10月中国以8600亿美元超过日本,并坐稳世界第一官方储备大国的位置。截至2011年8月底,中国外汇储备超过3.2万亿美元,高额外汇储备有利于增强我国国际清偿能力,提高国家综合国力和人民币信誉,降低改革的风险,维护国家经济金融安全。但是,外汇储备规模过大,也会带来诸多负面影响。因此,当前控制外汇储备的规模,加强对外汇储备规模的管理,具有十分重要的意义。本文从我国外汇储备的现状出发,分析了高额外汇储备对我国经济的消极影响,并提出外汇储备管理的措施。     

我国巨额外汇储备的成因和对策研究

汇率制度改革以来,中国外汇储备快速增长,尤其是在加入世贸组织之后,形成了庞大的外汇储备。在外汇储备中,美元资产是主要投资方向,尤其是美国国债。在美债危机下,两院调整美债上限,对我国外汇储备带来不利影响。本文提出外汇管理的对策,优化外汇币种结构和资产结构,但从根本上讲,应该调整经济结构,坚持独立自主,坚持扩大国内需求,从而减少贸易顺差和外资盲目流入。     

中国外汇储备规模分析研究

近年来,我国外汇储备高速增长,至2006年3月底,外汇储备额已达8750.70亿美元,成为世界外汇储备第一大国。但是,一国的外汇储备量并非越多越好。随着国际往来和国际贸易的不断扩大,我国对国际储备的需求不断增长,保持适度的外汇储备规模,已成为我国经济正常运转的重要条件之一。     

刘明“不安分”的追梦者

正当刘明把自己的拳头产品"万能芯片"打造出来时,有人用这样一组数据来解读它的意义——中国庞大的外汇储备花在哪了?随着能源危机论的甚嚣尘上,似乎绝大多数人给出的答案都是:石油。但事实上,中国进口集成电路所投入的花销远超石油。2010年,我国进口集成电路的资金共计1 520亿美元,2011年达1 701亿美元,超过全球市场的50%。面对这块大蛋糕,所有人都希望从中"分一杯羹"。30年来,全球有58家公司     

解读FATCA?

正Q美国国税局要求申报的是哪些资产?A美国要求申报的是2011年末时累积价值达到5万美元以上的"特定海外金融性资产",而不是全部资产。"特定海外金融性资产"指的是银行存款、股票、债券等有价证券以及非上市公司股权等权益性资产,并不包括房产、汽车这类实物资产。换句话说,如果你是在美国境内居住的公民或永久居民,不管你在美国之外拥有多少房产或汽车或珠宝,只要你的金融性资产(如银行帐户)在2011年年末那天累积价值没达到5万美元(且全年中没有哪一天的金额超过7.5万美元)。那么,你并不属于需要申报的人士。另外,如果你2011年没有居住在美国而是居住在海外,你的金融性资产在年末那一天没达到20万美元(且全年中没有哪一天的金额超过30万美元),也不需要申报。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that