低信噪比下语音断点检测算法的改进研究

传统的端点检测在信噪比较高的环境下可以有效的对语音进行端点检测,但是在低信噪比环境下端点检测的正确率急剧下降。针对在低信噪比环境下语音端点检测正确率不高的问题,提出一种将调制域谱减法和对数能量子带谱熵相结合的的端点检测算法。该算法首先利用调制域谱减法去除带噪语音的噪声以提高语音信号的信噪比,然后结合对数能量和子带谱熵算法对消噪后的语音信号进行端点检测。实验仿真结果表明,该算法在低信噪比环境下能有效提高语音端点检测的正确率且具有一定的稳健性。     

基于压缩感知过程的语音增强

压缩感知(compressive sensing,CS)是一种基于信号稀疏性的采样方法,可以有效提取信号中所包含的信息。该文提出了一种基于CS过程的语音增强新算法。算法利用语音在离散余弦变换(discrete cosine transform,DCT)域下的稀疏性,采用Hadamard矩阵对带噪语音进行压缩测量,通过改进的正交匹配跟踪(orthogonal matching pursuit,OMP)算法恢复语音信号,实现语音增强。与经典谱减法和子空间算法进行实验对比分析,结果表明:该算法在降噪性能上优于经典谱减法和子空间算法。     

分布式光纤振动检测系统信号后处理算法研究

针对基于相位敏感的分布式振动检测系统在实际工程应用中存在的容易受到环境噪声影响的问题,对系统信号进行滤波算法理论模拟及现场实验验证。结果表明,通过对原始信号进行高通滤波后差分及平均处理,能够有效地除去环境中大幅值、低频、周期性的噪声信号,系统信噪比提高50%,检测效果增强。     

低信噪比下语音端点检测算法的改进研究

传统的端点检测在信噪比较高的环境下可以有效地对语音进行端点检测,但是在低信噪比环境下端点检测的正确率急剧下降。针对在低信噪比环境下语音端点检测正确率不高的问题,提出一种将调制域谱减法和对数能量子带谱熵相结合的的端点检测算法;该算法首先利用调制域谱减法去除带噪语音的噪声以提高语音信号的信噪比,然后结合对数能量和子带谱熵算法对消噪后的语音信号进行端点检测。实验仿真结果表明,该算法在低信噪比环境下能有效提高语音端点检测的正确率且具有一定的稳健性。     

基于EEMD和改进功率谱熵的船舶轴频电场检测

为了提高强海洋背景噪声中对微弱的船舶轴频电场信号的检测性能,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和窄带功率谱能量峰值熵比(EPER)特征的检测算法.首先,利用EEMD方法从含噪信号中分解出一组有效固有模态函数(IMF),并对其功率谱进行子区间划分;其次,定义并计算了各子区间的一种改进功率谱熵特征——EPER;最后,通过分析轴频信号和环境噪声物理特征上的差异,结合K-均值聚类方法进行线谱子区间的提取,继而进行滑动检测.选用实测数据,与小波包熵滤波算法、小波阈值去噪算法、特征频段功率谱算法进行对比,处理结果表明所提算法具有更好的自适应性和检测性能.     

声纳探测信号自适应脉冲噪声对消算法

针对浅海环境噪声严重影响声纳探测信号检测性能的问题,提出了一种非线性变换的自适应脉冲噪声对消算法。算法首先对回波信号和参考通道噪声信号同时进行非线性变换,对脉冲噪声进行软阈值滤波,在此基础上,采用最小均方误差算法实现自适应噪声对消,可获得稳健的收敛性能。α-稳定分布脉冲噪声条件下的仿真和某次实验中的声纳探测回波信号处理证明了算法的有效性。     

基于多带谱减法的生物雷达语音增强方法研究

传统麦克风采集语音信号存在一定的局限性,如不能长距离获取语音、抗噪声性能弱、方向性差等。为了克服传统麦克风存在的缺点,采用一种新型的雷达式麦克风来获取语音。然而采用生物雷达获取的语音信号存在着较强的电磁噪声和环境噪声;因此,采用多频带谱减法对生物雷达语音信号进行了增强。与传统语音增强方法的对比结果表明,这种多带谱减法针对性强、效果较好。     

低信噪比下的端点检测算法研究

语音端点检测是语音处理分析过程中的一个重要组成部分,针对方差法在低信噪比下对语音信号端点检测准确率低的问题,本文提出一种子带频带方差法和谱减法相结合的检测算法,算法中采用多窗谱估计改进谱减法对河南方言语音进行降噪处理,并将得到的信号的子带频带方差进行端点检测.用Matlab进行仿真验证了此方法在端点检测中的准确性,该方法降低了河南方言语音处理的时间,为进一步提取河南方言语音识别特征参数提供了条件.     

强噪声背景下微弱核脉冲信号提取方法

针对强噪声背景下,微弱核脉冲信号的幅度与发生时刻信息检测存在困难的问题,提出一种基于Gabor变换及稀疏表示的核脉冲信号提取方法.首先利用Gabor变换根据样本信号构建单核脉冲信号表示字典;其次采用K-SVD算法消除因不同探测器和噪声引起的Gabor基函数的差异,构建完备字典,将其用于表征淹没在噪声中的有用信号,通过改进的OMP算法重构信号达到抑制噪声的目的,实现微弱核脉冲信号的提取.为验证该方法的可行性和有效性,利用CsI(Tl)探测器测量得到的实际核脉冲信号和仿真数据进行实验,结果表明,所提出算法恢复的核脉冲信号幅度和峰值发生时刻误差小于传统的Salley-Key最优平滑滤波和Kalman滤波算法.     

采用参数自适应最大相关峭度解卷积的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承故障特征信号因受传输路径和强噪声的干扰而导致周期性故障脉冲难以提取以及最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)参数依赖人为经验选择的问题，提出一种参数自适应MCKD的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。以解卷积信号的包络谱熵作为适应度函数，利用麻雀搜索算法强大的全局搜索能力自适应地选择MKCD方法的最佳参数组合；利用参数优化后的MCKD方法对故障信号进行解卷积运算，滤除掉信号中的噪声，以突显由轴承故障激发的周期性故障脉冲；对解卷积信号进行包络解调，以提取出轴承故障特征频率成分。仿真结果表明，与遗传算法和粒子群算法相比，采用麻雀搜索算法可使MCKD参数在优化中具有更快的收敛速度和更强的稳定性。对滚动轴承进行全寿命周期实验及对工程案例的实验结果表明：所提方法能自适应提取强噪声中的轴承周期性故障脉冲成分，信号的峭度提高了3倍，鲁棒性更强；与直接谱分析和快速谱峭度方法相比，所提方法能完整提取信号中的故障特征频率成分，成功率可达100%,有效提高了滚动轴承的故障诊断精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with