无人潜航器舷侧阵声呐匹配场被动定位方法研究

为了使无人潜航器在复杂的浅海环境中具有对远程声源被动定位的能力,提出了一种将舷侧阵声呐与匹配场处理算法相结合的被动定位方法.该方法可用于无人潜航器定深低速直线巡航时定点数据采集的过程中.首先用匹配场算法处理在每个采样位置上收集到的舷侧阵数据,实现对远程声源的初步定位,然后融合处理所有采样位置上的匹配场定位输出．这样可以克服舷侧阵声呐空间增益低的缺点,降低海洋环境参数失配和舷侧阵位置误差的影响,稳定参数估计过程并提高输出信噪比,随着时间的推移逐渐估算出远程声源的三维坐标.仿真测试结果表明,该定位方法在不同的输入信噪比下具有较高的定位概率和定位精度,而且使用该方法的系统需求较低,便于实际应用.     

多接收阵合成孔径声呐CZT成像算法

针对多接收阵合成孔径声呐(SAS)收发阵元是空间分开的,双根号之和形式的距离历程导致点目标二维谱解析表达式求解困难这一问题,在"非停走停"模式下建立了多接收阵合成孔径声呐距离历程模型,并采用级数反演的方法推导了点目标的精确二维谱.分析距离徙动后发现:可以通过近似将其变为斜距变量的线性函数,进而利用Chirp-z变换进行距离徙动校正,避免了插值处理,提高了算法效率,保证了相位保真度.仿真实验和实测数据测试验证了本文算法的优越性.     

基于GPS同步技术的双址声呐信号传输时间测量

为克服传统测量方法信号处理复杂、误差较大以及距离较远时采用无线电遥测同步受电磁干扰较大的缺点,提出一种高精度测量声呐信号传输时间的方法.采用分立声呐接收和声呐发射模块(即双址声呐),利用双GPS精确授时模块实现声呐信号发射和接收同步,接收模块直接接收发射模块的声波信号,通过声呐信号发射和接收的时间差来确定声呐信号的传输时间.系统采用DSP控制声呐信号的接收,利用可编程逻辑器件测定信号的传输时间.实验结果表明,系统工作稳定可靠,测量精度可达5~10μs.     

小斜视多子阵合成孔径声呐Chirp Scaling成像算法

为了解决现有多子阵合成孔径声呐成像算法在小斜视下没有考虑斜视带来的时延和多普勒频率改变,从而导致成像效果不佳的问题,提出一种小斜视多子阵合成孔径声呐Chirp Scaling成像算法.建立了斜视多子阵合成孔径声呐的精确距离史模型,并将其近似成单基斜视距离史,再引入一个修正项以修正近似误差.通过对回波信号补偿修正项对应的相位和时延,就可以将斜视多子阵信号转变为斜视单基信号,从而能够借鉴已有的斜视单基Chrip Scaling成像算法.通过对比现有算法和所提出算法处理斜视仿真数据和实测数据的结果,验证了所提出算法的有效性和正确性.     

定位-车辆路径问题的两阶段混合启发式算法

定位-车辆路径问题(LRP)集成了设施定位分配和车辆路径决策,属于NP-hard难题.为有效求解实际大规模的具有设施容量约束和车辆容量约束的LRP问题,设计了基于禁忌搜索及双种群蚁群算法的两阶段混合启发式算法.算法第1阶段采用禁忌搜索算法确定设施定位及客户分配,算法第2阶段采用双种群蚁群算法优化车辆路径,蚁群间的通信与协调通过信息素共享来实现.通过仿真试验并与其他启发式算法进行对比,结果表明,该算法是可行和有效的.     

基于GPS差分算法的研究与滑坡监测系统软件实现

选择比较先进的GPS卫星定位技术及静态差分算法作为滑坡监测的手段和解算方法.从GPS定位的基本原理出发,对双差算法数学模型进行了研究,并且编写出差分算法程序.     

利用侧扫声呐的自主定位导航技术研究

同步定位和地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping, SLAM)与路径规划在陆地上的自主定位导航上被广泛应用,而自主式水下航行器(autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV)在实现真正的自主定位导航方面还有待提升.提出将侧扫声呐传感系统、SLAM技术和路径规划技术三者结合的自主定位导航技术.该技术先对原始声呐图像数据的杂波、异常值、噪声等进行预处理,再将预处理后的数据格式转换成适用于SLAM算法的激光雷达数据格式,并在此基础上进行全局路径规划和局部路径规划相结合的完整路径规划研究.仿真结果表明,该技术可以更好的使AUV在复杂水下环境实现真正的自主定位导航,并提高了AUV定位与环境建图的精度.     

双基地MIMO雷达多目标定位及互耦参数估计

针对MIMO雷达收发阵元间存在互耦会严重影响目标定位算法性能的情况,提出一种双基地MIMO雷达多目标定位及互耦参数估计的算法.利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的特点和MIMO雷达的特性获得满足ESPRIT算法的信号子空间,在不需要任何互耦矩阵信息情况下采用ESPRIT算法实现了目标角度估计,且估计出的角度参数自动配对.根据所估计的目标方位角度,利用信号子空间和联合导向矩阵之间的关系,将MIMO雷达的互耦参数估计转化为线性约束二次最小化问题,估计出互耦系数矩阵,实现了MIMO雷达的自校正.该方法的优点是避免了多维空间谱搜索带来的庞大计算量和迭代中的全局收敛性问题,同时得到了收、发阵列互耦参数估计的闭式解.仿真结果表明算法估计性能接近于互耦已知时二维MUSIC算法.     

重叠年轮式无源射频识别定位算法设计

针对无源射频识别（RFID）定位问题,建立了重叠的读写器天线布局规划以及年轮式概率模型,提出了重叠年轮式定位算法,并通过Kp值修正以及双标签边缘修正实现精确定位.验证表明,与邻近算法相比,重叠年轮式无源RFID定位算法使定位误差降低了33.929%,同时定位误差概率累积分布曲线的收敛速度也显著提高.     

一种基于粗集与小波的声呐图像降噪方法

声呐图像具有低对比度和边缘恶化的特点,传统的声呐图像散斑噪声降噪方法又不能较好的保持图像边缘和细节,因此提出了一种新的基于粗集与小波的声呐图像降噪方法。该方法通过考察散斑噪声的统计特征,利用粗集中的等价关系将声呐图像划分为若干子图,对子图进行对数变换后完成小波变换,采用自适应阈值函数处理小波系数,应用小波逆变换和指数变换得到降噪后的子图,将降噪后的子图进行叠加得到最终的降噪图像。通过新算法在实际声呐图像中的应用,实现了在保证降噪效果的同时能够较好地保持图像边缘及细节特征,验证了算法的有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that