高温厌氧膨胀床反应器处理木薯酒精废水试验

实验考察了厌氧膨胀床反应器(EGSB)处理木薯酒精废水的启动、运行和基质产沼气转化特性.结果表明,高温EGSB反应器接种中温颗粒污泥,需20d即可完成启动,反应器故障停运54d后进行二次启动的时间仅需10d.EGSB适宜的有机负荷是10~14kg·m-3·d-1(以COD计),稳定运行期间对化学需氧量(COD)的去除率在80%~90%之间,在标准状态下的产沼气转化率(BCR)为0.315m3·kg-1.试验期间反应器内的污泥颗粒化程度良好,直径2mm以上的大颗粒污泥增长迅速.260d时污泥挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)与总固体(TSS)质量浓度之比ρVSS/ρTSS由接种时的0.51变为0.84.启动和运行期,出水pH值随着COD去除率的变化而波动,可以通过系统出水pH大小来初步判断EGSB的运行状况.     

内循环UASB处理高浓度丙烯酸废水

研究升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺处理高浓度丙烯酸废水的可行性.试验过程中在pH、温度正常稳定基础上,以不同方式提高反应器的容积负荷,直至最大值.结果表明:UASB反应器处理高浓度丙烯酸能承受的最大负荷为13.1～13.5 kg/(m3·d).在容积负荷13.1 kg/(m3·d)、进水化学需氧量(COD)为15.234g/L下反应器可稳定运行,对COD的去除效果良好,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)为3.5 mmol/L,出水COD为0.614 mg/L,COD去除率达87.9%.     

UASBF处理垃圾渗滤液的启动及颗粒污泥培养

研究了上流式厌氧复合床反应器(UASBF)处理垃圾渗滤液的启动及CODCr负荷、pH、碱度、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)对污泥颗粒化过程的影响。实验表明,最佳启动温度在35±1℃,进水pH 6.8,CODCr质量浓度1000～1200mg.L-1,水力停留时间(HRT)48h,容积负荷0.5kgCODCr.m-3.d-1。根据处理效果不断增加反应器的容积负荷,缩小HRT。经过150天运行,完成了污泥颗粒化。进水CODCr质量浓度3500mg.L-1,容积负荷7.6kgCODCr.m-3.d-1,产气量14.8L.d-1,CODCr去除率69%。颗粒污泥形状不规则,一般为球形或椭球形,粒径为1～2mm。     

常温处理生活污水微氧EGSB反应器启动运行特性

为了研究微氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)去除生活污水中的有机物和氮、磷(N,P)营养物的快速启动和稳动运行特性,在15～26℃常温下运行EGSB反应器9个多月,对微氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥的培养过程以及稳定运行阶段化学需氧量(COD)、N、P的去除规律进行了研究.通过给EGSB反应器内适量曝气,为EGSB反应器内的颗粒污泥提供溶解氧以产生微氧环境,以曝气柱内的曝气速率来控制回流水中的溶解氧量.研究结果表明,在15～26℃时微氧颗粒污泥的成功培养需要近4个月.当水力停留时间(HRT)为3.9～4.8 h,进水流量为2.5～3.1 L/h,进水COD、NH3-N、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的质量浓度分别在213～867,26.5～72.1,31.7～81.7和3.8～17.3 mg/L范围内波动,稳定运行微氧EGSB反应器时,COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到了93.4%,83.8%,74.7%和44.0%;出水平均浓度分别为29,10.0,14.0和4.7 mg/L,水质分别达到ⅠA、ⅠB、ⅠA和Ⅲ级标准;出水浊度在6 NTU左右.微氧EGSB反应器进口处氧化还原电位宜控制在+15 mV左右.微氧使得颗粒污泥沉速降低,最小颗粒污泥沉速低至11 m/h,没有出现污泥流失.稳定运行阶段污泥中混合液悬浮固体浓度达到28g/L左右,混合液中可挥发性悬浮固体与悬浮固体的质量比为0.74～0.77,说明微氧EGSB反应器已成功启动并稳定运行.     

碱度对动态膜生物反应器处理效果的影响

采用动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)处理生活污水,考察不同进水碱度对DMBR处理效果的影响,研究反应器运行过程中运行参数的变化情况.结果表明:当碱度为25~510mg·L-1时,碱度对出水CODCr影响不大,去除率达到92.46%;进水碱度充足(224~510mg·L-1)时,出水NH+4-N去除率在98%以上;当进水碱度不足时,NH+4-N去除率下降,DMBR出水pH值的变化滞后于碱度的变化;当碱度在330~510mg·L-1范围内时,动态膜通量约为23L·(m2·h)-1,DMBR的运行周期可达39d,反冲洗后膜通量恢复率为100%.反应器内的胞外聚合物随着进水碱度的下降而升高,DMBR反冲洗周期缩短,膜污染趋势加重,当进水碱度下降到130mg·L-1时,反冲洗周期下降到10d.     

处理易降解有机物UASB反应器的抗负荷冲击能力

以处理易降解有机物的UASB反应器为对象,以化学需氧量(COD)、三氯甲烷、2,4-二硝基酚和碱度为主要冲击负荷,研究了单负荷、双负荷和多负荷冲击下UASB反应器主要性能参数的变化规律.研究结果表明,UASB受到负荷冲击时,出水COD和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的浓度会增加,而CH4体积分数则会降低;容积产气率在COD负荷冲击时会增加,在其他负荷冲击时则会减少.研究还表明,多负荷冲击反应器时,影响VFA因素的主次顺序分别为三氯甲烷、COD、二氯硝基酚和碱度;影响容积产气率和CH4体积分数因素的主次顺序分别为三氯甲烷、二氯硝基酚、COD和碱度.     

混合炸药废水的厌氧处理研究

对混合炸药废水的一般特性进行了分析,采用生物测试技术对废水的厌氧生化可降解性进行试验研究,同时采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)进行连续厌氧生物处理研究.研究结果表明,该废水氮、磷营养物缺乏,碱度偏低,废水处理时按CODBD、氮、磷为(300~500)∶5∶1的比例添加氮、磷元素.废水厌氧生化降解率为90%,含有的难降解污染物黑索今可通过厌氧方法降解;废水经UASB处理后,出水黑索今浓度低于5.0mg/L,平均去除率为88%;COD去除率约70%,在厌氧反应器运行过程中,应注意出水挥发性脂肪酸VFA浓度的监测.     

黄原胶废水UASB反应器快速启动

以生产性黄原胶废水UASB(1200m3)反应器中温厌氧消化反应的启动过程为对象, 研究考察:接种污泥、进水方式、进水pH值、容积负荷等因素对反应器启动过程的影响.结果表明,采用淀粉废水厌氧污泥为接种污泥,在污泥层高度1.5m,进水pH7.5～8.0,进水温度38℃时,控制容积负荷,使挥发性有机酸(VFA)小于850mg·L-1的条件下,可使反应器在28d内成功启动.     

克拉维酸钾菌渣中温单级厌氧消化实验研究

在水力停留时间固定为15天、接种比40％的条件下进行了克拉维酸钾菌渣中温(35℃)单级厌氧消化实验,结果表明:①在稳定运行阶段可直接进原浓度菌渣(COD约40000mg·L-1,COD容积负荷2.67kg·m 3·d-1),出水COD稳定在1500mg· L-1左右,COD去除率在96％左右,理论单位容积/(L-1·d-1)甲烷产量达0.9L.②系统启动和驯化快;负荷提高时运行平稳;VFA浓度较低,未出现酸化现象;氨氮浓度较高(1800～2000mg·L-1),可能对厌氧消化有抑制作用.③厌氧消化技术用于处理克拉维酸钾菌渣是可行的.     

两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水

研究采用两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水。试验结果表明:经过AMBR和EGSB反应器处理后,COD去除率达到91%,SS去除率达到67%;进水在产酸器AMBR反应后,pH值由6.8降至5.86,VFA由1265 mg/L升至3862 mg/L,酸化效果较好;经产甲烷器EGSB反应后,pH值和VFA分别为7.61和206 mg/L,产甲烷效果良好;经过后续工艺SBR处理后,出水符合国家污水综合排放标准。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.