微生物在生物栅植物根系和填料生物膜上的数量分布差异

实验中以组合填料、美人蕉和水生动物为要素构建生物栅,以上海市苏州河支流绥宁河河水为实验用水,测定分析了功能微生物和微型动物在植物根系和填料生物膜上的数量分布差异,以研究生物栅强化处理污染景观水体的作用机理.结果表明,生物栅中有机物的矿化分解、氨化作用、硝化作用和反硝化作用可以在填料和植物根系上同时进行,有机物的矿化分解、氨化作用和硝化作用场所以植物根系为主,而反硝化作用主要在填料上进行.生物栅内植物根系和填料所具有的不同生境为异养细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的生长提供了各自适宜的场所,单位质量根系异养细菌数量比单位质量填料上异养细菌数量高出一个数量级,植物根系的泌氧作用提高了根系局部的溶解氧水平,硝化细菌对生境的选择结果使得单位质量根系或填料的硝化细菌数量表现为:实验组根系实验组填料对照组填料,而反硝化细菌对生境选择表现为:对照组填料实验组填料实验组根系.同时单位质量根系微型动物的数量和种类都要大于填料,根系和填料上微型动物的多样性指数值分别为2.16和2.08.     

多孔悬浮填料对SMBR性能的影响

以聚丙烯无纺布为膜组件,向浸渍式膜生物反应器中投加多孔、悬浮填料处理人工废水。通过分析测定膜通量、跨膜压力变化及处理水浊度和CODCr,考察填料对浸渍式膜生物反应器性能的影响。实验结果表明,投加填料在一定程度上能够减缓可逆的滤饼层污染阻力,保持较高的膜通量,但是投加填料却破坏了污泥絮体的稳定性,导致处理水的浊度、CODCr及跨膜压力的增大,增加了不可逆膜污染阻力。     

悬浮填料控制MBR膜污染效能研究

以聚丙烯无纺布为膜组件,向浸渍式膜生物反应器中投加软质多孔、悬浮填料处理人工废水。分析测定膜污染阻力（Rf）、滤饼层阻力（Rc）、膜通量（FLUX）、跨膜压力（TMP）及处理水浊度和CODCr的变化,研究软质悬浮填料控制膜生物反应器膜污染的效能。实验结果表明,投加软质悬浮填料能有效降低膜污染阻力、滤饼层阻力和跨膜压力,增加膜通量,有利于延缓膜污染,提高膜组件的过滤性能;MBR中投加软质悬浮填料能提高CODCr的生物去除效率,但是降低了膜组件对微小悬浮固体的截留效能,增加了出水浊度和CODCr浓度。     

膜反应器中填料的应用

在查阅国内外有关文献资料的基础上，综述了目前膜生物反应器中填料的种类、性能、生物膜性能及生物处理的效果，为膜反应器中填料的选择提供了参考。     

改性水处理用生物填料性能的研究

通过添加亲水、生物亲和性及磁性粒子等物质对普通聚乙烯填料进行改性,研究了改性填料的表面结构、物理机械性能,以及填料亲水性、生物亲和性等综合性能。实验结果证实：改性填料的物理性能变化不大,SEM图显示其表面结构发生了变化,表面粗糙度加大,表面积增高;改性填料的表面润湿角降低23％,含水率提高60％;挂膜试验中,改性填料的挂膜时间缩短了2d,生物膜的形成速率加快,膜厚度增加和膜稳定性增强,生物相丰富。研究表明改性填料符合水处理用填料物理性能要求,其亲水性、生物亲和性能有较大程度的改善。     

新型生物沸石填料在污水深度处理中的应用研究

新型生物沸石填料为生物沸石和悬浮球填料有机组合在一起的一种新型悬浮球填料,与悬浮球填料相比该填料比表面积增加约2～4倍,约为711～1.185.m-1,表面粗糙;在污水深度处理中,易于挂膜,且生物相高级、丰富、不易脱落;孔隙率为90%,不易堵塞.该新型填料长有的生物膜致密,沸石内部的孔穴中长有较多的原生物,有利于氨氮的转化.实验表明:填有该新型填料的曝气生物流化床在稳定状态处理城市污水厂二级出水时,出水CODCr质量浓度为10～36.mg·L-1,去除率为48%～81%;出水NH 4-N质量浓度可以保持不大于2.mg·L-1,去除率不小于89%.出水水质能满足再生水用于循环冷却水的水质要求.     

悬浮载体--膜生物反应器处理污水的实验

以悬浮填料为生物载体的膜生物反应器连续运行两个月表明,在投加悬浮填料的反应器内不需投入活性污泥.悬浮性生物量降低到1 g/L以下,在很大程度上减轻了对膜组件的污染.与此同时,由于填料的投加,延迟了曝气气泡上升的时间,极大地提高了氧的传质率和利用率,大大节省了能源消耗,降低了处理成本.出水水质同常规MBR相比几乎没有差别,可以满足中水回用的水质标准.     

贝壳填料SBR法处理废水试验研究

啤酒废水处理方法主要有物化法、生化法和膜处理技术等。国内外广泛采用生化处理工艺, 其中包括好氧生物处理、厌氧生物处理以及好氧与厌氧联合生物处理。从目前实施并运行的装置来看, 应用最为广泛的是好氧生物处理, 常采用的是活性污泥法及其改进形式和生物接触氧化法[1,2]。本文采用贝壳填料SBR法进行啤酒废水处理,以期实现海产品废弃物资源化利用和提高污水处理的效能。     

低温下厌氧MBBR不同填料挂膜启动特性研究

为了适应高寒缺氧地区特殊的环境和水质,选取厌氧MBBR(moving-bed biofilm reactor)工艺处理该地区的低温农村生活废水,通过考察Levapor海绵填料、聚乙烯K3填料和聚氨酯海绵填料在自然挂膜启动下,填料上生物膜的形态、对实际废水的处理效果、生物膜增殖速率和比呼吸速率,探究3种填料的启动特征。结果表明,生物膜先出现在K3填料的内部和多孔填料的外部,并随着反应器内溶解氧的消耗,变为黑色的厌氧生物膜;厌氧反应器对氨氮和总磷的去除效果不佳,实验末期去除率分别为-15%～8%和-10%～15%;2种多孔海绵填料对COD的去除效率更高、生物膜增殖速度更快,但寿命短并且内源比呼吸速率更高;K3填料对COD的去除率稳定上升,生物膜更新速度快而挂膜慢,但内源比呼吸速率低,在机械搅拌下寿命更长,更适合作为厌氧MBBR反应器的生物载体。     

贝壳填料曝气生物滤池处理污水试验研究

近年来,针对曝气生物滤池的研究和应用日益广泛,滤池填料的作用也逐步受到重视。传统的填料有陶粒、砂、褐煤、沸石、炉渣等,但其主要功能都是挂膜服务。本研究采用海产品废弃物贝壳作为曝气生物滤池的填料,在一个反应器中实现脱氮和除磷,这样就可以在一定程度上减少工艺的能耗。由于采用的是生物膜工艺,污泥产量很低。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that