4连通图中生成树上的可去边

图的可收缩边与可去边是研究连通图的构造和使用归纳法证明连通图的一些性质的有力工具.利用边点割端片的性质给出某些4连通图中在特定子图上可去边的分布情况,得到了最小度至少为5或围长至少为4的4连通图中在其生成树上存在至少两条可去边;同时也得到了最小度至少为5的4连通图中在其生成树外存在至少两条可去边.     

4连通图中最长圈上的可去边

图的可收缩边与可去边是研究连通图的构造和使用归纳法证明连通图的一些性质的有力工具.利用边点割断片的性质给出了某类4连通图中在特定子图上可去边的分布情况,证明了若4连通图G的边点割原子的顶点数大于2,则G中的最长圈C上至少有3条可去边.     

4连通图中可去边的分布

图的可收缩边与可去边是研究连通图的构造和使用归纳法证明连通图的一些性质的有力工具．本文利用边点割端片的性质给出某些4连通图中在特定子图上可去边的分布情况，得到了4连通图图上存在至少两条可去边的更一般的充分条件，改进了吴吉昌等的结果．同时给出4连通图4圈上和边点割原子及分离对上的可去边的分布．     

极小四阶限制边连通图

设G是有限简单无向图,k是正整数.使G-S每个分支的阶不小于k的边割S称为G的k阶限制边割.G的四阶限制边连通度λ4(G)是G的四阶限制边割之中最少的边数.若对于任意边e∈E(G),均有λ4(G-e)=λ4(G)-1,则称G是极小四阶限制边连通图.定义ξ4(G)=min {(e)(U):U(∪)V(G),G[U]是四阶连通导出子图},此处(e)(U)表示恰好有一个点在U上的边的数目.若λ4(G)=ξ4(G),则称G是λ4最优的.若每个5阶限制边割都孤立出G的一个5阶连通子图,则称G是超级5阶边连通的.笔者给出:极小四阶限制边连通图若不是λ4最优的,则是3正则,围长为5,任意边都关联5圈,且是超级5阶边连通的图.     

kp,q（G）≤λp,p（G）成立的一些充分条件

设G是简单有限无向连通图,p,q是两个正整数.G的一个边割(顶点割)S是一个p-q-边割(p-q-顶点割),如果G-S不连通,且G-S中有一个分支至少含有p个顶点,另一个分支至少含有q个顶点.G称为λp,q-(kp,q-)连通的,如果一个p-q-边割(p-q-)顶点割存在.用λp,q(G)(kp,q(G))表示最小p-q-边割(p-q-顶点割)的基数.文章证明了在kp,q-连通(p≤q)和λp,p-连通图G中,使kp,q(G)≤λp,p(G)成立的一些充分条件及k1.p-连通图的一些性质.     

二部图λ_3最优性的一个原子条件

设G=(V,E)是有限简单无向图,U是G的一个边割,k是一正整数.若G-U的每个分支的阶至少为k,则称U为G的一个k阶限制边割.定义G的k阶限制边连通度λk(G)为G的k阶限制边割中最少的边数,达到最小的称为λk割.定义ξk(G)=min{(F):F是G的k阶连通子图},其中(F)表示恰好有一个端点在F上的边的数目.如果λk(G)=ξk(G),则称G是λk最优图.本文给出了二部图λ3最优性的一个原子条件.     

图是超级-λ3的邻域条件

设G是有限简单无向图, k是正整数,使G-S的每个分支都包含至少k个点的边割S称为G的k-限制边割。若任意最小k-限制边割都孤立一个k阶连通子图,则称图G是超级-λk 的。本文应用邻域条件给出了图是超级-λ3 的充分条件。     

图的λ_4最优性和超级性的度条件

设G是有限简单无向图,使G-S每个分支的阶至少为4的边割S称为G的4阶限制边割.G的4阶限制边连通度λ4(G)是G的4阶限制边割之中最少的边数,达到最小的叫λ4边割.定义ξ4(G)=min{(U):UV(G),G[U]是4阶连通子图},此处(U)表示恰好有一个端点在U中的边数.若λ4(G)=ξ4(G),则称G是λ4最优的.若任意λ4边割都孤立一个4阶连通子图,则称G是超级λ4连通的.给出图是λ4最优和超级λ4连通的度条件,并举例说明条件的最好可能性.     

图是极大3限制边联通的充分条件

设S是连通图G中的一个边子集。若G S不连通且它的每个连通分支的阶至少为k,则称S是G的一个k限制边割。图G的最小k限制边割的边数称为G的k限制边连通度,记为λκ(G)。定义ξκ(G)=min{|［X,X］|:|X|=k,G［X］连通},其中X=V(G)＼X。若λk (G)=ξk(G),则称G是极大k限制边连通的。设G是一个围长至少为5的λ3 连通图。本文证明了若G中不存在5个点u1,u2,v1,v2,v3使得d(ui,vj)≥3(i=1,2;j=1,2,3),则G是极大3限制边连通的。     

3连通图的可去边的分布

e是3连通图G的一条边,如果G-e是某个3连通图的剖分,则称e是G的可去边。研究了3连通图的去边的分布规律,得到：（1）是阶至少为6的3连通图G中的一个圈,如果C上不存在3个连续的3度点,那么C上至少有两条可去边。（2）设T是阶至少为5的连通图G的一棵生成树,如果G中至多存在一个极大半轮,那么T上至少有一条可去边。由此可得：阶至少为5的3连通3正则图的生成树上至少有一条可去边。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.