不同类型及配方脱漆剂脱漆效果的比较

以涂漆木板为实验对象，配制碱性脱漆剂、酸性脱漆剂、有机溶剂型脱漆剂及水性脱漆剂，对木块表面的油漆进行脱除.结果表明，有机溶剂型脱漆剂脱漆效果明显，但其毒性较强；酸性脱漆剂和碱性脱漆剂效果明显，但其强腐蚀性，对于在家庭中进行木器脱漆，有很高的操作要求；水性脱漆剂脱漆时间短，无毒，适用于家庭木器脱漆.     

乳液型金属脱漆剂的研制

以二氯甲烷为主溶剂、苯甲醇和乙醇胺为助溶剂、乙酸乙酯为缓蚀剂和溶剂、乙酰乙酸乙酯为渗透剂合成了一种乳液型脱漆剂.通过正交实验确定了各个组分之间的比例关系.结果表明:当二氯甲烷的体积分数为51.5％,苯甲醇为18.5％,乙醇胺为5.4％,乙酸乙酯为7.6％,烷基苯磺酸钠为4％,乙酰乙酸乙酯为3％,蒸馏水为10％时,所得脱漆剂的脱漆效果好,挥发性和腐蚀性都较低.     

高效脱漆剂

本发明是用二氯甲烷有机溶剂,加入适量的渗透剂、促进剂、触变剂、缓蚀剂、乳化剂、改性剂、分散剂和挥发抑制剂制得的一种高效脱漆剂。该剂对各种粉末涂料(环氧树脂,聚氨酯涂料)有特效。 目前,油漆使用范围越来越广,而脱漆技术却明显滞后,尤其是飞机、轮船的定期维修重新涂装及大工业残次品的重新利用,对脱漆技术的要求更为迫切,而国内产品适用范围单一,脱除厚度有限,难以满足广泛需要,进口产品价格     

脱除马口铁表面漆层的无机碱性脱漆剂

研制了一种新型碱性脱漆剂.该脱漆剂以氢氧化钠水溶液为主体系,其中氢氧化钠的质量浓度为90~100 g.L-1,溴化十六烷基三甲基胺(CTMAB)的质量浓度为10 g.L-1,柠檬酸钠的质量浓度10 g.L-1,甘油的质量浓度为10 g.L-1.在95℃使用该脱漆剂浸泡20 min左右即可完全脱除马口铁表面漆膜,且不侵蚀金属镀锡层,锡的回收率大于99%.探讨了该脱漆剂的脱漆机理.脱漆实验结果表明:本脱漆剂可以循环使用,10 mL脱漆剂可以脱除200 cm2以上的漆层.该方法高效、无毒、使用安全、环境友好.     

聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与力学性能

选用钠基蒙脱土和2种烷基季铵盐(十八烷基季铵盐和双十八烷基季铵盐)改性的蒙脱土，采用熔融共混的方法制备聚氯乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，并通过广角X射线衍射和透射电镜对复合材料的结构进行了表征．研究了蒙脱土种类和用量对复合材料力学性能的影响．结果表明，3种复合材料均具有插层型结构，钠基蒙脱土用量在ω＝0．5％-7．0％，有机蒙脱土用量在20＝0．5％-3．0％时，复合材料的综合力学性能均有明显提高；有机蒙脱土用量ω＞5．0％以后，材料的力学性能降低，热稳定性变差．     

漆酶／介体系统对尾叶桉硫酸盐浆漂白的条件探索

利用从白腐菌(Panus conchatus)产生的酶液中分离纯化出漆酶(Laccase)。在一种新的介体NHA的存在下构成L／MS系统(Laccase—Mediator System)进行尾叶桉浆生物漂白。通过对尾叶桉进行深化脱木素的改良连续蒸煮(EMCC)，结果表明，L／MS系统生物漂白的最佳条件为：漆酶用量为2．5U／g纸浆，NHA用量为1％／g纸浆，最适pH=6．0，酶处理时间为8小时，反应温度为50℃，并通氧气。     

混炼插层法制备天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用有机改性蒙脱土和新型补强性促进剂，通过混炼插层法制备了天然橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，用X射线衍射和透射电镜表征了纳米复合材料的结构和形态，用表观交联密度测定和红外光谱研究了蒙脱土与橡胶的相互作用，同时用X射线衍射法研究了混炼和硫化过程中天然橡胶分子链对蒙脱土的插层过程．结果表明，蒙脱土在橡胶基体中以纳米级厚度片层分散；补强性促进剂能加强蒙脱土与橡胶间的结合；天然橡胶分子链在混炼过程中便开始对蒙脱土进行插层，并主要在焦烧时间前的硫化诱导期内完成大部分插层过程，硫化开始后蒙脱土的纳米级分散进一步完善，直至硫化完成．添加2％～10％有机蒙脱土的天然橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能和动态力学性能优于40％N770炭黑补强的硫化胶．     

烯丙基胺的合成研究

以Delepine伯胺制备方法为依据,用无水乙醇代替氯仿做溶剂,通过烯丙基氯与乌洛托品反应制备烯丙基胺,详细考察了酸碱用量、催化剂用量、物料配比及溶剂用量对反应的影响,发现在n(C3H7Cl):n(C6H12N4)=0．95：1,x(KI)=2．5％．40 C．t=10 h．n(NaOH):n(HCl)：n(C6H12N4)=4:4:1的条件下,产品烯丙基胺收率为86．6％,烯丙基氯转化率达100％,产品经GC-MS及IR分析,结构正确。     

2-(4-羟基苯氧基)丙酸乙酯的合成

以L-乳酸乙酯为原料，经酰化、缩合反应合成了2-(4-羟基苯氧基)丙酸乙酯．实验主要考察了催化剂、反应温度与时间、原料配比、溶剂用量、碱用量等因素的影响，荻得了优化的反应条件，收率达90％以上．经红外光谱、质谱对合成的化合物进行了结构袁征。     

漆酚树脂固载化三氯化铁催化合成醋酸异戊酯

用漆酚树脂固载化三氯化铁高分子催化剂合成醋酸异戊酯，对催化剂进行了红外光谱表征．考察了原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响．实验表明，该催化剂有很好的催化活性，当醇酸物质的量之比为0．6：1，反应3h，催化剂用量为醇质量的2．3％-3．4％时，酯化收率可达88％，产品纯度达99．5％．且该催化剂具有腐蚀性小，可以重复使用等优点．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with