超声波搅拌时间对原位自生Mg2Si/Al基复合材料凝固组织和力学性能的影响

为了研究铝基复合材料的凝固组织和力学性能,采用超声波搅拌的方法制备了原位自生Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析其微观形貌,并通过硬度检测和拉伸试验测试其力学性能.结果表明:超声波搅拌不但能够细化初生Mg₂Si颗粒,改变凝固组织形貌,而且具有除气除杂功能,二者共同提高了Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料的力学性能;经过超声波搅拌的Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料与未经过超声波搅拌的Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料相比,抗拉强度与伸长率总体呈上升趋势,其断口形貌均为准解理面.在超声时间为40 s时,抗拉强度和伸长率达到最大值,分别为201 MPa和5.63%,相比未超声处理的Mg₂Si/Al基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率,分别增长了139.29%和178.71%;复合材料的硬度先升高后降低,超声作用时间为30 s时硬度最佳,为116.96(HB).     

催化剂Ni-CeO2的制备及其在甲烷二氧化碳重整反应中的催化性能

以立方体和颗粒状CeO2为载体制备了Ni基催化剂，运用TEM，XRD，N₂物理吸附-脱附和H₂-TPD等对Ni-CeO₂进行了表征，在固定床反应器上评价了其催化CRM反应性能．催化剂回收并采用TG，TEM和拉曼光谱等进行了表征，评价了其烧结和积碳性能．结果表明：较颗粒Ni-CeO₂催化剂，具有特殊(200)晶面的立方体 Ni-CeO₂催化剂的催化活性和稳定性更佳．载体CeO₂立方体的形貌和特殊晶面对镍催化剂在甲烷二氧化碳重整反应性能具有良好的促进作用     

硼粉粒度对Li-B合金结构及热稳定性的影响

分别以3种粒度的硼粉为原料,采用相同的成分配比和工艺参数熔炼制备Li-B合金铸锭。合金铸锭经挤出和轧制获得薄带。随后进行X射线衍射（XRD）测试、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察、化学成分分析和热稳定性测试。XRD结果显示,Li-B合金由Li₇B₆相和锂相组成,且Li₇B₆相与锂相的衍射峰强度比随硼粉粒度的增大而减小。SEM观察表明,随原料硼粉粒度的增大,Li-B合金的纤维组织变得粗大且不均匀。化学成分测试显示,Li-B合金中化合态硼含量随硼粉粒度的增大而减小。热稳定性测试表明,原料硼粉的粒度越大,Li-B合金的热稳定性越差。     

A12O3在一次烧结BaTiO3中的作用探讨

 探索了掺微量Al₂O₃和SiO₂的BaTiO₃的一次烧结工艺,该工艺有效降低了烧结温度.应用电子探针、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪,TN-524能谱等设备对样品进行分析.BaTiO₃瓷体电阻随Al₂O₃掺杂量的变化关系及Al在BaTiO₃中分布情况等实验事实,表明在BaTiO₃烧结过程中Al可能是一种半导化元素,起施主的作用.通过新工艺,得到了性能较好的BaTiO₃热敏电阻.     

铁酸锌掺杂纳米二氧化钛的制备及其光催化活性

 以钛酸四丁酯和自制铁酸锌为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了未掺杂的TiO₂和掺杂不同量的ZnFe₂O₄/TiO₂纳米粉体,通过XRD、TEM对产物的晶体结构、晶粒大小、形貌进行了表征,通过对罗丹明B的光催化降解实验研究了ZnFe₂O₄的掺杂对TiO₂催化活性的影响.结果表明,产物为纳米微粒,ZnFe₂O₄的掺杂能加快TiO₂的晶型转变速度,减小TiO₂的粒径,提高TiO₂的光催化活性.     

粉末流动性和添加润滑剂对烧结钕铁硼磁体取向度和磁性能的影响

采用急冷铸片（SC）、氢破碎（HD）和气流磨（JM）工艺制备烧结钕铁硼磁体的磁粉，研究了粉末流动性及添加润滑剂对磁体取向度和硬磁性能的影响.结果表明：影响松装状态磁粉流动性的主要因素是粉末颗粒的磁团聚，影响密实磁粉流动性的主要因素是粉末颗粒间的摩擦力.添加适量的润滑剂可以防止粉末颗粒团聚,明显地减小粉末摩擦力，改善流动性，提高磁体的取向度、剩磁与磁能积.采用添加润滑剂和脉冲磁场取向橡皮模等静压制成型工艺,批量生产的烧结钕铁硼磁体性能达到：B_r=1.457T, _jH_c=1148kA·m^-1，(BH）_max=408kJ· m^-3.     

Cu-Ni-Al系合金铸态组织研究

对Cu-Ni-Al系合金的铸态组织进行研究,使企业更好地认识和了解Cu-Ni-Al系列合金,进而更好地开发利用该合金.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪,对Cu-Ni-Al和Cu-Ni-Al-Ti合金进行观察和分析.结果表明：Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al合金铸态组织中枝晶组织与偏析区（Ni₃Al）界限十分明显,且枝晶组织比较粗大.而Ti的加入促使Ni和Cu的分布变得均匀,并且Ti的加入使合金中有魏氏体产生,致使合金的力学性能降低,减小了合金的变形能力,导致Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al-0.5Ti合金在热轧时有开裂的现象发生.并且能谱分析显示Ni₃Al存在于枝晶中和枝晶间,说明Ni₃Ti的稳定性较好,在高温时就有Al₃Ti形成,在固溶扩散过程中,Ni₃Ti被排挤到枝晶之间,形成第二相.     

Al2O3对Mo-W-Co高温合金力学性能的影响

通过改变Mo-W-Co高温合金中Al₂O₃的含量,研究Al₂O₃对Mo-W-Co高温合金硬度和耐磨性能的影响.采用球磨、压制成形和真空烧结等工艺制备Mo-W-Co-Al₂O₃高温合金,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和金相显微镜(OM)对制备好的合金的相结构、形貌和粒度进行分析,并测试合金的硬度和耐磨性能.结果表明:添加Al₂O₃能提高Mo-W-Co高温合金的硬度和耐磨性能,当w_Al2O3为5%时,Mo-W-Co高温合金的硬度和耐磨性能达到最佳效果;在真空烧结时,Al₂O₃在合金中形成了γ-Al₂O₃相,是影响合金组织和性能的关键相.     

基于真空烧结的Al-B4C中子吸收材料的制备及性能研究

B₄C是一种常见的中子吸收材料,采用真空烧结的方法制备不同成分配比的Al-B₄C复合材料,并对材料的微观组织,力学性能进行分析,研究结果表明:基体Al相和增强相B₄C颗粒之间分布比较均匀,气孔裂纹等缺陷较少,复合材料抗拉强度,屈服强度,断后伸长率随着碳化硼含量的增加逐渐减小,复合材料的断裂方式既有B₄C颗粒的解理断裂,也有铝基体的韧性撕裂,以B₄C颗粒的断裂和拔出为主,是韧性断裂与脆性断裂综合作用的结果.     

BiOI/H2O2协同光催化降解四环素性能研究

碘氧铋（BiOI）是一种新型光催化剂,以硝酸铋（ Bi (NO₃)₃）、碘化钾（KI）为原料,分别采用水热法以及溶剂热法制备两种形貌的BiOI材料,通过X射线粉末衍射仪（ XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱（ FTIR）、紫外可见漫反射（ UV-Vis DRS）和N₂吸脱附测试仪对其进行形貌、结构、性能表征。以四环素（TC）水溶液为例,测试制得的BiOI光催化降解性能,重点考察材料结构、光照条件、双氧水（H₂O₂）协同作用等对降解性能的影响。实验结果表明,溶剂热法制备的BiOI和H₂O₂协同作用时,在模拟太阳光下对四环素降解效果最好,4 h降解率可达99.11%。     

YB-10Al铝合金物相组成和断口形貌分析

【目的】研究YB-10Al铝合金的物相组成和断口形貌,分析掺杂对合金结构和性能的影响。【方法】利用X射线粉末衍射仪和带能谱的扫描电子显微镜研究两组不同成分的YB-10Al铝合金的物相组成及断口形貌。【结果】YB-10Al铝合金所含物相有Al(主要相)、Al N(少量)、Si(少量)、Fe(微量)等,且两组样品所含物相略有差异;合金断口形貌显示为浅而小的韧窝。【结论】YB-10Al铝合金试样为韧性断裂,断裂机制为微孔聚集型。     

Fabrication and characterization of nanocrystalline Al/Al12（Fe,V）3Si alloys by consolidation of mechanically alloyed powders

The aim of this study was to produce bulk nanocrystalline Al/Al12（Fe,V）3Si alloys by mechanical alloying （MA） and subsequent hot pressing （HP） of elemental powders. A nanostructured Al-based solid solution was formed by MA of elemental powders for 60 h. After HP of the as-milled powders at 550℃ for 20 min, the Al12（Fe,V）3Si phase was precipitated in a nanocrystalline Al matrix. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images of the bulk samples represented a homogeneous and uniform microstructure that was superior to those previously obtained by rapid solidification-powder metallurgy （RS-PM）. Nanostructured Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si and Al-11.6Fe-1.3V-2.3Si alloys ex-hibited high HV hardness values of～205 and～254, respectively, which are significantly higher than those reported for the RS-PM counter-parts.     

Improvement of tensile behaviours of a γ'-Co3(Al,W) strengthened polycrystalline Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloy at room-and high-temperatures by doping Ce

The microstructures and tensile behaviours of cerium (Ce) doped polycrystalline Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloys (doped 0.05 and 0.2 at.% Ce) at room temperature (RT) and 600–800 °C were investigated. In-suit tensile test under SEM was conducted to understand the deformation and damage mechanisms at RT. Aged at 800 °C for 50 h, the 0.05Ce alloy consisted of a Co solid-solution matrix (γ-Co_SS) and nano-scale cuboidal γ′-Co₃(Al, W) precipitates, while for the 0.2Ce alloy, κ-Co₃(W, Mo) precipitates and γ′-depleted zone were present at the grain boundaries in addition to the γ/γ′ microstructure. The 0.05Ce alloy exhibited flow stress anomalies at 700 °C. With higher Σ1∼3 boundary fraction and cleaned-up grain boundary, the 0.05Ce alloy always showed greater strength and elongation than the 0.2 Ce alloy with the grain boundary precipitates at temperatures up to 800 °C. Doped 0.05 at.% Ce made the Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloy have an excellent elongation of 6.1% at 700 °C, owing to a mixed transgranular dimple plus intergranular cleavage fracture. The slip bands transferring through the low-angle grain boundary and slipping of the γ′-Co₃(Al, W) in the 0.5Ce alloy resulted in excellent ductility of 20.4% at RT.     

TiB2和Al3Ti对近共晶Al?12.6Si合金组织、力学性能和断裂行为的影响

A near eutectic Al?12.6Si alloy was developed with 0.0wt%, 2.0wt%, 4.0wt%, and 6.0wt% Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The microstructural morphology, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and fracture behaviour of the alloys were studied. The unmodified Al?12.6Si alloy has an irregular needle and plate-like eutectic silicon (E_Si) and coarse polygonal primary silicon (P_Si) particles in the matrix-like α-Al phase. The P_Si, E_Si, and α-Al morphology and volume fraction were changed due to the addition of the Al?5Ti?1B master alloy. The hardness, UTS, and elongation improved due to the microstructural modification. Nano-sized in-situ Al₃Ti particles and ex-situ TiB₂ particles caused the microstructural modification. The fracture images of the developed alloys exhibit a ductile and brittle mode of fracture at the same time. The Al?5Ti?1B modified alloys have a more ductile mode of fracture and more dimples compared to the unmodified alloy.     

The strain ampli tude-controlled cyclic fatigue behavior of Al2O3 fiber reinforced Al–Si alloy composite at elevated temperatures

The strain amplitude-controlled fatigue characteristics of an Al–Si casting alloy and itscomposite reinforced with 17 vol% Al₂O₃ fibers (Al–Si/Al₂O₃) are studied at three different temperatures. Both the alloy and the composite showed different degrees of cyclic softening at elevated temperatures. Increasing the temperature, fatigue damage of either the alloy or the composite occurred with varying mode from brittle fracture of silicon particles to their separation from the aluminum matrix. This is explained by the different thermal expansion coefficients of silicon particles and the aluminum matrix. The reinforcement Al₂O₃ fibers in the composite showed a similar damage behavior with those silicon particles despite temperature variation     

Synthesis of kalsilite from microcline powder by an alkali-hydrothermal process

The properties of aluminosilicate kalsilite have attracted the interest of researchers in chemical synthesis, ceramic industry, biofuels, etc. In this study, kalsilite was hydrothermally synthesized from microcline powder in a KOH solution. The microcline powder, rich in potassium, aluminum, and silicon, was collected from Mountain Changling in Northwestern China. The effects of temperature, time, and KOH concentration on the decomposition of microcline were investigated. The kalsilite and intermediate products were characterized by means of wet chemistry analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrometry (IR), 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si MAS NMR), 27Al MAS NMR, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). With increasing temperature, the microcline powder transforms into a metastable KAlSiO₄ polymorph before transforming further into pure kalsilite. A mixture of both kalsilite and metastable KAlSiO₄ polymorph is obtained when the hydrothermal reaction is carried out within 2 h; but after 2 h, kalsilite is the predominant product. The concentration of KOH, which needs to be larger than 4.3 M, is an important parameter influencing the synthesis of kalsilite.     

Microstructure and improved mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained Mo-12Si-8.5B (at.%) alloys with addition of ZrB2

Multi-hierarchical Mo-12Si-8.5B-x Zr B_2(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.5 wt%)alloys consisting of three ultrafine-grained(UFG,0.47–0.81μm)phases of Mo_5Si B_2(T2),Mo_3Si and Mo solid solution(α-Mo)were prepared by mechanical alloying following hot pressing.Microstructure observations showed that the intermetallic phases(Mo_3Si and T2)distributed dispersedly in the continuousα-Mo matrix associated with the homogeneously embedded nanoscaled particles(10–225 nm)in the grain interiors and at the grain boundaries.The Mo-12Si-8.5B-x Zr B_2alloys exhibited monotonically increasing compressive strength to 3.13 GPa with increasing content of Zr B_2,and the fracture toughness increased about 27%and reached at 11.5 MPa m~(1/2)at 1.0 wt%Zr B_2,rendering the Mo-12Si-8.5B-1.0 wt%Zr B_2alloy possessing the best combined mechanical properties of high strength and high toughness.The underlying reason for the superior mechanical properties of the Mo-12Si-8.5B-x Zr B_2alloys is that the dispersedly distributed nanosized particles in the UFG multi-phased-matrix can not only effectively block the dislocation motion to increase the strength but also store the dislocations to increase the strain hardening ability during mechanical deformation.     

On the characterization of microstructure and fracture in a high-pressure die-casting Al-10 wt%Si alloy

Microstructure and fracture behavior in a high-pressure die-casting Al-10 wt%Si alloy have been investigated using optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a high-resolution laboratory computed tomography(CT).The results showed that a typical heterogeneous microstructure of the alloy comprised α-Al rich region,eutectic silicon band region and porosity.The microstructure patterns highly dependent on fluid convection and rapid solidification.Under high filling speed,externally solidified crystals(ESCs) and the growing dendrites migrated in center and formed α-Al rich region.Si particles was discharged and enriched in the final solidified liquid,forming eutectic silicon band.Hard Si particles and brittle Fe-rich phases served as obstacles prevented dislocation migration,causing local stress concentration.Due to large movable slip systems in α-Al rich region,the propagation path of the crack was greatly extended.Net-shrinkage that induced by dense impinging dendrites led to the microcracks along the boundary of dendrites which promoted intergranular fracture.     

Wettability and pressureless infiltration mechanism in SiC-Cu systems

The wetting behavior of copper alloys on SiC substrates was studied by a sessile drop technique. The microstructure of SiC_p/Cu composites and the pressureless infiltration mechanism were analyzed. The results indicate that Ti and Cr are effective elements to improve the wettability, while Ni, Fe, and Al have minor influence on the improvement of wettability. Non-wetting to wetting transition occurs at 1210 and 1190℃ for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si and Cu-3Si-2Al-1Ti, respectively. All the copper alloys react with SiC at the interface forming a reaction layer except for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si. High Si content favors the suppression of interracial reaction. The infiltration mechanism during pressureless infiltration is attributed to the decomposition of SiC. The beneficial effect of Fe, Ni, and Al is to favor the dissolution of SiC. The real active element during pressureless infiltration is Si.