饱和土及尾矿砂的应力比与应变增量比关系研究

在饱和Ｑ２、Ｑ３黄土、饱和粉质粘土及饱和尾矿砂固结排水三轴试验的基础上，研究了粘结力σ０（σ０＝ｃ．ｃｔｇφ）不等于零时材料的应力比与应变增量比关系。结果表明，在扩展强度发挥面上，这几种材料的应力比与应变增量比之间仍具有线性关系。当材料的应力应变关系为弱硬化型时，应力比与应变增量比关系为两段斜率不同的直线；而当材料的应力应变关系为硬化型时，应力比与应变增量比关系为一条直线；固结应力、密度对这种线性关系的参数没有影响。     

冻融环境下混凝土双向受压强度与变形特性试验研究

对普通混凝土经冻融后在双向压荷载作用下的变形和强度特性进行了试验研究.试件尺寸为100mm×100mm×100mm.试验过程中测得了混凝土在常态和经过25次、50次、75次冻融循环后在双向受压下的应力-应变关系曲线和双轴强度,分析了主压应力σ3及其对应的应变随冻融循环次数的变化规律,以及在冻融作用后混凝土的二轴强度、应力-应变关系,最大应力处的应力、应变和弹性模量随主压应力比的变化规律,观察了试件的破坏形态,建立了相应的破坏准则.发现普通混凝土经冻融后在双轴压荷载作用下的强度和弹性模量随着冻融循环次数的增加而降低,应变随着冻融循环次数的增加而增大;强度、应变和弹性模量随着主应力比α值的不同而变化的规律及其破坏形态均与常态混凝土基本相同.     

浮空器膜材循环拉伸力学性能及弹性常数研究

对全新飞艇蒙皮膜材Uretek3216L进行了单轴循环拉伸试验,采用自主研发的多功能薄膜双轴拉伸试验机进行5种应力比例下的拉伸试验.探讨了单双轴循环试验的应力应变关系及弹性模量随循环次数的变化规律,对双轴耦合弹性模量的理论公式进行了推导,分析了纬经向应力比对耦合弹性模量的影响规律.结果表明,单轴循环的第15次和第1次循环相比,经纬向弹性模量分别增大了20.7%和39.1%,其中第2次循环增大幅度最大,经纬向均占总增量的60%以上.对于双轴试验,随纬经向应力比R的增大,经向耦合弹性模量增大而纬向减小.确定了膜材的单、双轴应力下的弹性模量和3D应力应变响应曲面.     

岩土工程应力、应变增量方向一致性问题研究

岩土工程研究的重要对象岩土具有非连续、非均质、各向异性的特点,所以在对岩土工程的分析中,应力、应变的关系始终是一个重要问题。传统分析方法简单的认为塑性应变增量方向唯一的取决于应力状态,而与应力增量无关。文本拟通过理论推导来证明在实际岩土工程中应力和应变增量方向存在着不一致性,并试着对未来应力、应变增量方向的研究方法进行了展望。     

绿片岩的单轴压缩各向异性蠕变试验研究

通过对锦屏二级水电站辅助交通洞的绿片岩单轴压缩蠕变特性试验,研究了轴向荷载方向与层理之间的不同关系对瞬时应变、应力应变关系、轴向应变速率、衰减蠕变持续时间和蠕变破坏机理的影响.研究结果表明:在相同低应力水平下,垂直于层理时的瞬时应变增量大于平行于层理时的瞬时应变增量,而在相同较高应力水平下垂直于层理时的瞬时应变增量小于平行于层理时的瞬时应变增量;同等应力水平条件下,垂直于层理时的轴向应变速率和衰减蠕变持续时间均小于平行于层理时的轴向应变速率和衰减蠕变持续时间.同时,当轴向荷载垂直或者平行于层理时,应力应变关系曲线均出现了压密、弹性变形、裂纹扩展和峰后破坏阶段,且蠕变破坏类型均属于脆性破坏.     

形变热处理对Ti-Nb-Zr合金组织及超弹性行为的影响

Ti-Nb-Zr合金具有低弹性模量、高强度以及优异的生物相容性,在生物医用材料领域备受关注。Ti-Nb-Zr合金的超弹性归因于β?α″相变。综述了Ti-Nb-Zr合金的弹性模量和超弹性的影响因素及变化规律。通过添加合金元素来调整相变温度和滑移临界应力,应力诱发马氏体相变更易发生,β相塑性变形延迟出现,获得更大的相变应变和恢复应变。总结了Ti-Nb-Zr合金的形变热处理与超弹性效应之间的关系和作用机制。冷轧后短时间热处理可以增加位错滑移的临界应力、避免其他相（ω或α相）的生长,保持β相的稳定性、提高合金的恢复应变和超弹性。     

恒温下结构钢的应力-应变关系

为确定合理的高温中钢材应力-应变关系模型,在已有恒温加载试验研究的基础上,通过对高温中弹性模量、屈服强度、极限强度、硬化应变和极限应变等实测数据的拟合分析,提出高温中钢材的应力-应变关系模型.与ASCE和EC3中钢材的应力-应变关系模型相比,该模型的计算曲线与实测曲线吻合度更好.     

考虑拉压不同模量采空区顶板岩梁的损伤分析

考虑拉、压弹性模量不等以及水平应力作用,引入Norton非线性应力应变关系及Kachanov损伤演化规律,建立了采空区顶板的蠕变损伤模型。定义弹性模量比例系数α及水平应力系数kx表征弹性模量和轴向压力对蠕变损伤的影响,给定特定参数分析了断裂孕育时间、有效应力、有效高度、损伤因子等随α,kx和材料参数m的变化规律。结果表明:随着α的增大,顶板中的拉应力降低,断裂孕育阶段延长,断裂前缘扩展速率减慢,并且拉应力区高度减小;水平应力减少了顶板横截面上的最大拉应力,延缓了顶板的宏观开裂时间,使顶板的破坏区变小,岩体拉压弹性模量的差异及硐室水平应力的作用对顶板的损伤特性影响很大,不可忽略。所得结论为有效抑制顶板岩梁的裂纹扩展,维护巷道顶板稳定提供了理论依据。     

冻融循环下砼力学性能与相对动弹性模量关系

研究冻融循环作用后混凝土受拉峰值应力、受压峰值应力、受拉峰值应变、受压峰值应变、受压极限应变及受拉初始弹性模量与相对动弹性模量之间的关系.对经过0,25,50,75,100和125次冻融循环作用的C20,C30,C40和C50抗拉试件进行单轴拉伸试验,对经过0,25,50和75次冻融循环作用的C20棱柱体试件进行抗压试验,得出各力学性能随相对动弹性模量变化的规律,回归得出相关的计算公式.结果表明:冻融循环作用后,随着相对动弹性模量的降低,混凝土的受拉峰值应力、受压峰值应力及受拉峰值应变等力学性能指标逐渐减小,而受压峰值应变及受压极限应变却逐渐增大.     

混凝土与木材受压动力性能试验分析

为探究普通混凝土与木材受应变率影响的动力性能,设置五种不同加载应变率,通过液压伺服试验机得到两种材料不同加载工况下的应力-应变关系和破坏形态。通过应力-应变曲线提取峰值应力、峰值应变与弹性模量特征值,对比分析两种材料动力性能。研究结果表明:普通混凝土与木材均存在动力率的相关性,从破坏形态分析两种材料受动力影响破坏机理基本相同;普通混凝土与木材峰值应力和弹性模量均随着应变率的提高而提高,但木材受动力率影响更为明显,同时木材存在的稳定强度也随着应变率的提高而随之提高。两种材料峰值应变与应变率关系相对离散,木材即与混凝土材料同样存在离散性与随机性特征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has