沉积温度对类金刚石薄膜性能的影响

液相法制备工艺简单、成本低等,已成为制备类金刚石薄膜的热点方法,但适合工业化生产的制备工艺参数尚不明确。以Si单晶为基底,通过液相沉积法在Si表面制备类金刚石薄膜,研究了沉积温度与其摩擦学性能之间的关系。结果表明:在40℃条件下制备的类金刚石薄膜表面光滑平整、硬度最高。此时类金刚石薄膜的干摩擦系数最小,耐磨性最强,具有良好的摩擦学性能。     

中国硫沉降目标负荷的研究

研究了两种确定硫沉降目标负荷的方法——最小超临界负荷法和等比例降低超临界负荷法,介绍了其原理和相应的数学模型,并分析了用这两种方法确定的硫沉降目标负荷及相应的超临界负荷分布。和等比例削减ＳＯ２方案比较,采用上述两种方法,中国超临界负荷总量会明显降低,而最小超临界负荷法可以使超临界负荷的区域面积比２０００年无控方案减小约１２％。综合考虑技术、经济和区域公平性,建议在确定中国硫沉降目标负荷时采用这两种方法。     

灵山岛早白垩世构造应力解析及区域地质意义

通过对灵山岛野外地质考察及总结前人资料, 并利用节理、岩墙和褶皱等应力感应构造的测量分析, 得出研究区早白垩世可能存在四期构造作用: 莱阳期NW 向伸展形成近海盆地, 莱阳期末期NW 向挤压反转作用, 青山期NW 向伸展裂谷作用和早白垩世末期NW 向挤压反转。灵山岛早白垩世两期伸展作用可能是分别对华北地区增厚地壳或岩石圈重力垮塌和岩石圈拆沉的响应, 而两期挤压反转作用可能是研究区由伊泽奈崎板块NW 向俯冲消减向太平洋板块NW 向俯冲过渡的结果。     

A eudicot from the Early Cretaceous of China

The current molecular systematics of angiosperms recognizes the basal angiosperms and five major angiosperm lineages: the Chloranthaceae, the magnoliids, the monocots, Ceratophyllum and the eudicots, which consist of the basal eudicots and the core eudicots. The eudicots form the majority of the angiosperms in the world today. The flowering plants are of exceptional evolutionary interest because of their diversity of over 250,000 species and their abundance as the dominant vegetation in most terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known of their very early history. In this report we document an early presence of eudicots during the Early Cretaceous Period. Diagnostic characters of the eudicot fossil Leefructus gen. nov. include simple and deeply trilobate leaves clustered at the nodes in threes or fours, basal palinactinodromous primary venation, pinnate secondary venation, and a long axillary reproductive axis terminating in a flattened receptacle bearing five long, narrow pseudo-syncarpous carpels. These morphological characters suggest that its affinities are with the Ranunculaceae, a basal eudicot family. The fossil co-occurs with Archaefructus sinensis and Hyrcantha decussata whereas Archaefructus liaoningensis comes from more ancient sediments. Multiple radiometric dates of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation place the bed yielding this fossil at 122.6-125.8 million years old. The earliest fossil records of eudicots are 127 to 125 million years old, on the basis of pollen. Thus, Leefructus gen. nov. suggests that the basal eudicots were already present and diverse by the latest Barremian and earliest Aptian.     

Biological productivity and carbon cycling in the Arctic Ocean

Primary production, bacterial production, particulate organic carbon fluxes and organic carbon burial rates were quantified during the summer period of 1999 in the Arctic Ocean via 14C uptake, 3H uptake, 234Th/238U disequilibrium and 210Pbex dating, respectively. The integrated primary production in the water column was as high as 197 mmolC/(m2@d) in the Chukchi shelf and was 3.8 mmolC/(m2@d) in the Canada Basin. These rates are higher than those reported previously. The ratios of bacterial production to primary production in the study region were higher than 0.5, indicating that microbial activity is not depressed but important in cold Arctic waters. 234Th/238U disequilibria were evident at the station in the Canada Basin. The presence of significant 234Th deficiency suggested that scavenging and removal processes are also important to biogeochemical cycles of trace elements in the Arctic Ocean. Particulate organic carbon export flux was estimated to be 1.0 mmolC/(m2@d). Measurements of sediment excess 210Pb profile in the Chukchi shelf allowed us to estimate the amount of organic carbon buried in the bottom sediment, which ranged from 25 to 35 mmolC/(m2@d) and represented about 59%-82% of the mean primary production in the euphotic zone. Overall, our results indicated that the Arctic Ocean has active carbon cycling and is not a biological desert as previously believed. Therefore, the Arctic Ocean may play an important role in the global carbon cycle and climate change.     

碳沉积法制空分用炭分子筛的研究

用碳沉积法对空分用炭分子筛的孔隙结构进行了调整。首先用煤焦油馏分油的有机溶液浸渍原料炭分子筛；然后在氮气保护下进行热处理，使吸附的烃类分子热裂解积碳从而实现炭分子筛孔隙结构的调变。研究了碳沉积条件对炭分子筛的空分性能、微孔孔容及对Ｏ＿２、Ｎ＿２气体在炭分子筛中扩散的影响，结果发现，碳沉积减少了炭分子筛中孔径大于０．４０ｎｍ的微孔数量，降低了Ｏ＿２、Ｎ＿２分子在炭分子筛中的扩散速度；在最佳工艺条件下制得的炭分子筛的空分性能与国外同类产品相当。     

Patterned deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on self-assembled monolayers

The excellent electro-mechanical properties and chemical stability of CNTs promise a prospective ap- plications in nanotechnology. For electronic applica- tions, CNTs have been proved successful in practice in producing components such as a junction and f…     

水力侵蚀过程中土壤有机碳循环研究进展

水力侵蚀(水蚀)是土壤侵蚀研究的焦点和热点领域,研究水蚀作用下侵蚀与沉积过程中土壤有机碳的动态变化对于评估土壤碳的“源/汇”效应具有重要意义。笔者总结了水蚀过程中土壤碳循环的研究现状,从侵蚀过程中土壤有机碳流失的定量研究、有机碳迁移与再分配以及有机碳矿化的影响等3个方面明确了土壤水蚀过程中土壤有机碳动态,并对国内外土壤水蚀过程中的有机碳主要研究成果进行了对比分析。建议未来研究中先对水蚀过程中有机碳的破坏、搬运和沉积等全过程进行精准解析和量化,在此基础上揭示其物理、化学及生物等共同作用下碳矿化特征的响应机制,全面探究水蚀过程中土壤碳收支的动态,量化土壤侵蚀对全球土壤碳循环的贡献率。     

A basal troodontid from the Early Cretaceous of China

Troodontid dinosaurs form one of the most avian-like dinosaur groups. Their phylogenetic position is hotly debated, and they have been allied with almost all principal coelurosaurian lineages. Here we report a basal troodontid dinosaur, Sinovenator changii gen. et sp. nov., from the lower Yixian Formation of China. This taxon has several features that are not found in more derived troodontids, but that occur in dromaeosaurids and avialans. The discovery of Sinovenator and the examination of character distributions along the maniraptoran lineage indicate that principal structural modifications toward avians were acquired in the early stages of maniraptoran evolution.     

六盘山盆地早白垩世沉积演化特征分析

六盘山盆地基底具槽台过渡性质,形成于燕山运动早期,为祁连山前盆地的剪切挤压盆地;白垩系下统六盘山群自下而上可分为三桥组、和尚铺组、李洼峡组、马东山组和乃家河组5个油层组,发育有碎屑岩夹泥质灰岩,在顶部地层含少量的石膏层,垂向上从下向上发育砾岩-粗砂岩-细砂岩-泥岩-泥灰岩和石膏岩的沉积序列,沉积物颜色为从棕红色到灰黑色再从棕红色到灰黑色的沉积旋回,反映了2个水进水退的沉积旋回.根据六盘山盆地六盘山群的颜色、岩石类型、沉积构造等,可以将六盘山群划分为冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊等4种沉积相类型.     

A primitive therizinosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Utah

Therizinosauroids are an enigmatic group of dinosaurs known mostly from the Cretaceous period of Asia, whose derived members are characterized by elongate necks, laterally expanded pelves, small, leaf-shaped teeth, edentulous rostra and mandibular symphyses that probably bore keratinized beaks. Although more than a dozen therizinosauroid taxa are known, their relationships within Dinosauria have remained controversial because of fragmentary remains and an unusual suite of characters. The recently discovered 'feathered' therizinosauroid Beipiaosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of China helped to clarify the theropod affinities of the group. However, Beipiaosaurus is also poorly represented. Here we describe a new, primitive therizinosauroid from an extensive paucispecific bonebed at the base of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Early Cretaceous) of east-central Utah. This new taxon represents the most complete and most basal therizinosauroid yet discovered. Phylogenetic analysis of coelurosaurian theropods incorporating this taxon places it at the base of the clade Therizinosauroiden, indicating that this species documents the earliest known stage in the poorly understood transition from carnivory to herbivory within Therizinosauroidea. The taxon provides the first documentation, to our knowledge, of therizinosauroids in North America during the Early Cretaceous.     

多孔碳材料的合成及其在锂离子电池中循环性能的研究

基于多孔有机聚合物及其衍生碳材料在锂离子电池负极材料领域的发展和研究现状,探究了一种孔径可控的多孔碳纳米球的合成方法 .首先,设计合成了6,13-双（双4-溴苯基亚甲基）并五苯化合物,并以此为单元制备了一系列具有规则形貌的新型多孔有机聚合物.通过将不同孔径尺寸的聚合物在不同温度下进行碳化,以此探究碳化温度对材料电化学性能的影响.根据得到的数据可知,多孔碳材料THF-800具有最好的循环稳定性和优异的倍率性能,由此证明THF-800在锂离子电池负极材料领域具有潜在应用价值.此外,对锂离子电池负极材料孔径尺寸进行了调控,可以促进有机材料在锂离子电池中的应用,最终拓展了多孔有机聚合物衍生碳材料在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用范围.     

甘肃金塔及其附近早白垩世介形类

报道了首次发现于花海－金塔盆地花海凹陷花探９井、湖西新村、阿拉善左旗早白垩世介形类化石。根据它们的组合面貌及其在国内外分布的主要层位,认为：湖西新村原划归为上侏罗统并含有丰富介形化石的这套地层应属下白垩统;花探９井和阿拉善左旗塔塔水沟含化石地层的时代应为早白垩世。这些新的研究成果为建立该地区中生代地层层序奠定了基础,特别是对认识花海－金塔盆地的形成与演化,及进一步的油气勘探提供了新的资料     

Cannibalism in a semi-aquatic reptile from the Early Cretaceous of China

Cannibalism or intraspecific predation is a particular form of feeding behavior that is far more common in lower vertebrates and invertebrates than in higher vertebrates such as reptiles, birds and mammals. Evidence for cannibalism in vertebrate fossils, however, is generally rare, and the best examples were recently found in the Madagascan dinosaur Majungatholus atopus , the Neanderthals. Here we report the presence of cannibal-ism in a semiaquatic reptile Monjurosuchus splendens from the Lower Cretaceous of China (Fig. 1), as shown by an adult individual containing seven skulls of juveniles of the same species in its abdominal cavity, indicating that it is an active cannibal that preys on young members of its own kind. This discovery also represents the earliest known and most gruesome cannibalism ever recorded among the prehistoric vertebrates.     

A long-tailed,seed-eating bird from the Early Cretaceous of China

The lacustrine deposits of the Yixian and Jiufotang Formations in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Group in the western Liaoning area of northeast China are well known for preserving feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds and mammals. Here we report a large basal bird, Jeholornis prima gen. et sp. nov., from the Jiufotang Formation. This bird is distinctively different from other known birds of the Early Cretaceous period in retaining a long skeletal tail with unexpected elongated prezygopophyses and chevrons, resembling that of dromaeosaurids, providing a further link between birds and non-avian theropods. Despite its basal position in early avian evolution, the advanced features of the pectoral girdle and the carpal trochlea of the carpometacarpus of Jeholornis indicate the capability of powerful flight. The dozens of beautifully preserved ovules of unknown plant taxa in the stomach represents direct evidence for seed-eating adaptation in birds of the Mesozoic era.     

四川盆地古地温梯度和中-新生代构造热历史

根据27口井的镜质体反射率剖面,恢复了四川盆地早白垩世末—古新世时的古地温梯度.结果表明,古地温梯度介于20~25℃.km-1,总体呈南部略大于北部、东部大于西部的分布特征.根据古今地温梯度的对比,川西坳陷新生代早期以来地温梯度没有明显的变化,川东和川东北地区晚中生代以来地温梯度下降,而川中和川南地区晚中生代以来地温梯度升高.结合构造演化背景分析,盆地中新生代热历史主要受二叠纪末期的构造热事件、中生代晚期以来岩石圈厚度演化以及现今活动构造的影响.其中,二叠纪末期的构造热事件波及盆地大部分地区;现今活动构造对川南地区有明显的影响;中生代晚期以来的岩石圈厚度演化,可能是控制中新生代盆地大部分地区热历史的主要因素.