全风向角下小间距双方柱绕流的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟方法研究了间距比（P/B）为1.5(P为柱心间距,B为方柱边长)、风向角α为0°～90°等条件下双方柱在均匀来流作用下的气动力、流态划分、表面风压和流场特性。研究发现：小间距双方柱流动干扰效应显著,下游柱平均气动力随风向角的变化规律与上游柱和单方柱差异较大,且可能受更大的升力绝对值。将小间距比双方柱绕流分为前角分离流态（α=0°～10°）、分离泡流态（α=20°～30°）、附着流流态（α=40°～60°）及间隙侧分离泡流态（α=70°～90°）四种模式。附着流流态和间隙侧分离泡流态的间隙区出现较强的负压。尾流负压区的强度随风向角先增强后减弱,在α=50°附近达到峰值。前角分离流态时双柱具有一个整体的尾流回流区,而在其他流态下上下游方柱均有独立的回流区。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的固定方柱绕流研究

研究了格子Boltzmann方法的基本原理和边界条件处理方法,并利用该方法对不同雷诺数下固定单方柱绕流流场进行分析,探究了方柱产生卡门涡街的临界雷诺数和范围,验证了格子Boltzmann方法边界处理和数值模拟的正确性和便捷性.对雷诺数为200时并列双方柱不同分布间距的流场进行了模拟,结果表明,当柱间距为2倍方柱边长时,流体绕流方柱的涡流彼此影响最为明显.     

并列双方柱在偏向流流态下的气动性能

小间距并列双方柱存在独特的偏向流现象，为了进一步揭示并列双方柱在偏向流流态下的气动性能，在雷诺数（Re）为8.0×104、间距比（T/B，其中T为方柱中心间距，B为方柱边长）范围为1.25 ~ 5条件下，通过测压风洞试验方法研究了并列双方柱的表面风压、气动力、Strouhal数等气动参数随间距比的变化规律，重点探讨了发生偏向流现象时气动力的时频特性和气动力展向相关性. 并列双方柱的偏向流现象主要发生在T/B = 1.25~2的范围内，气流的偏转方向具有随机性，这一现象会随间距比的增大而逐渐消失；发生偏向流现象时，两个方柱的平均阻力系数、脉动风压系数均小于单方柱，但两个方柱间隙侧壁面受到的负压远强于单方柱；与宽尾流方柱相比，窄尾流方柱的平均阻力系数更大，脉动气动力系数更大，间隙侧壁面受到平均负压更强，气动力系数沿方柱展向的相关性更强.     

串列双方柱气动性能的流场机理研究

采用非定常雷诺平均法和SST k-ω湍流模型,在雷诺数Re=2.2×104时对五种间距串列双方柱的绕流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明：随着间距比的增大,串列方柱的气动性能会发生剧烈变化,其绕流场会经历三种不同流态：间距比为S/B=1.2时,下游方柱完全被上游方柱的分离剪切层包裹,流场呈现单一钝体流态;S/B=1.5和2时,在上游方柱上分离的剪切层会再附在下游方柱侧面,流场呈现剪切层再附流态,并在两个方柱之间形成强烈的回流区;S/B=3和4时,两个方柱的尾流中都会形成规则的涡街,流场呈现双涡脱流态,此时上游方柱的旋涡会与下游方柱发生复杂的相互作用,造成下游方柱受到很大的脉动风压作用。     

全风向角下双方柱脉动气动性能试验研究

为阐明双方柱中上游方柱尾流对下游方柱脉动气动性能的影响,在雷诺数Re=8.0×104均匀来流条件下,完成了间距比P/B=1.25～5(其中P为柱心距,B为方柱边长)、全风向角α=0°～90°的双方柱测压风洞试验.分析了不同P/B条件时下游方柱脉动气动力、升力功率谱、Strouhal数和气动力展向相关性随α的变化规律.发现P/B<3时下游方柱的脉动气动力整体上小于单方柱,且α≥40°时几乎不随风向角变化.但在3≤P/B≤5且0°≤α≤30°时下游方柱脉动阻力远大于单方柱.下游方柱的脉动气动力、升力功率谱和气动力展向相关性随α的变化规律在P/B=3前后差异显著.P/B<3时,下游方柱旋涡脱落受到显著抑制;P/B>3时,下游方柱的脉动气动性能近似于单方柱.     

并排方柱绕流的大涡数值模拟及显示

采用大涡模拟的方法对雷诺数为7.5×105并排双方柱绕流流场进行了数值模拟,并对所采用的模拟方法进行了实验验证.利用有限体积法和SIMPLE算法计算程式,对双方柱三维物理模型求解不可压缩的N-S方程.计算得到了方柱绕流的速度场和涡量场以及不同时刻的速度分量分布情况.对方柱后速度场、涡旋形成、脱落以及波动性等问题进行了分析,结果符合物理学规律.     

两串列方柱绕流的干扰数值研究

用数值方法研究了绕流两串列方柱的气动力及其相互干扰,使用了经改进的标志网络（MAC）方法对相同尺寸的方柱在不同间距比下的流场进行了数值模拟,结果表明：实验中观测到的两串列方柱的阻力不随两方在的间距比连续变化,而是在临界间距比时出现不连续跳跃的现象得到了成功的再现,数值计算所得的阻力值与风洞实验值吻合得比较好。     

串列双方柱气动干扰机理的数模模拟研究

采用非定常雷诺平均法和SST k-ω湍流模型,在雷诺数Re=2.2×104时对五种间距串列双方柱的绕流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:随着间距比的增大,串列方柱的气动性能会发生剧烈变化;其绕流场会经历三种不同流态:间距比为S/B=1.2时,下游方柱完全被上游方柱的分离剪切层包裹,流场呈现单一钝体流态;S/B=1.5,2时,在上游方柱上分离的剪切层会再附在下游方柱侧面,流场呈现剪切层再附流态;并在两个方柱之间形成强烈的回流区;S/B=3,4时,两个方柱的尾流中都会形成规则的涡街,流场呈现双涡脱流态。此时上游方柱的旋涡会与下游方柱发生复杂的相互作用,造成下游方柱受到很大的脉动风压作用。     

两不同截面串列方柱风力场特性的数值研究

气流围绕组合方柱的流动及产生的流场力比孤立的单柱场复杂,文章采用大涡模拟方法(LES),研究两不同截面方柱(d/D=0.5)串列组合下的高雷诺数(Re=6.5×105)绕流风场,探讨主要区段(L/D=0.75～7.0)内间距对风力场的影响。分析结果表明:较小间距下的间隙变化对涡脱频率及风力影响很大,L/D<1.25及L/D<2.0分别为涡频和风力显著变化区段,而L/D>3.0时风力变化平缓;同单柱情况比较,除后柱阻力系数均方误差在中等间距(L/D=1.7～5.7)明显大于单柱外,两柱阻力系数时均值和风力系数均方误差均小于单柱;前柱的漩涡脱落决定风场脉动特性,后柱涡频则由前柱锁定,L/D≥1.25时两柱涡频将等同于单柱。     

串列双方柱的风压特性及其流场机理

为了研究干扰条件下方柱的风压特性及其流场机理,以串列双方柱为研究对象,采用大涡模拟方法,在雷诺数Re=8×104、间距比P/B=1.1～5的条件下,研究了两个方柱的风压系数、气动力系数、风压非高斯特性、风压相关性随间距比的变化规律,重点探讨了双方柱流场特性及其与风压非高斯特性的内在联系.研究结果表明:随着间距比的增大,串列双方柱依次表现为3种流态,即单一钝体、剪切层再附和双涡脱流态,风压特性与流态密切相关.风压的非高斯特性和风压相关性随流态变化呈现为3种类型:在单一钝体流态下,柱间回流区附近的表面风压呈现明显的非高斯特性且风压相关性较强;在剪切层再附流态下,方柱尾流的涡脱强度低,风压相关性弱,但风压非高斯区域大;在双涡脱流态下,受上游方柱尾流旋涡的作用,方柱侧风面的风压相关性较强,下游方柱的侧风面和背风面出现大范围的风压非高斯区域.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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