二元正烷烃液态混合物加压时的过热极限

建立了适用于链烷烃类系统的过热极限的动力学计算方法。采用发展的动态液滴技术,测定了正戊烷与正庚烷,正辛烷、正壬烷二元混合物的过热极限温度。实验结果表明,过热极限温度随外压的增加而升高,且过热极限温度与外压基本呈线性关系,与组分的摩尔分数也基本呈线性关系。     

The strength of Mg(0.9)Fe(0.1)SiO3 perovskite at high pressure and temperature

The Earth's lower mantle consists mainly of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O magnesiowüstite, with the perovskite taking up at least 70 per cent of the total volume. Although the rheology of olivine, the dominant upper-mantle mineral, has been extensively studied, knowledge about the rheological behaviour of perovskite is limited. Seismological studies indicate that slabs of subducting oceanic lithosphere are often deflected horizontally at the perovskite-forming depth, and changes in the Earth's shape and gravity field during glacial rebound indicate that viscosity increases in the lower part of the mantle. The rheological properties of the perovskite may be important in governing these phenomena. But (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite is not stable at high temperatures under ambient pressure, and therefore mechanical tests on (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite are difficult. Most rheological studies of perovskite have been performed on analogous materials, and the experimental data on (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite are limited to strength measurements at room temperature in a diamond-anvil cell and microhardness tests at ambient conditions. Here we report results of strength and stress relaxation measurements of (Mg(0.9)Fe(0.1))SiO3 perovskite at high pressure and temperature. Compared with the transition-zone mineral ringwoodite at the same pressure and temperature, we found that perovskite is weaker at room temperature, which is consistent with a previous diamond-anvil-cell experiment, but that perovskite is stronger than ringwoodite at high temperature.     

高温高压条件下甲烷和二氧化碳溶解度试验

根据不同温度和压力条件下测得的甲烷和二氧化碳两种气体在碳酸氢钠型水中的溶解度数据,对两种气体的溶解度与温度、压力及地层水矿化度之间的关系进行研究。结果表明:在地层水中的溶解机制不同,导致两种气体的溶解度值随温度、压力条件的变化具有不同的演变特征;综合前人低温(小于90℃)测试的溶解度数据,可将甲烷溶解度与温度之间的演变关系划分为缓慢递减(0~80℃)、快速递增(80~150℃)和缓慢递增(大于150℃)3个阶段;二氧化碳溶解度随温度的升高而逐渐降低,随压力升高而逐渐增大,其溶解与析离能力受压力影响更为明显;实际地层中,两种气体间溶解度的差异演变影响了天然气的空间分布。     

CO2环境介质下16Mn钢的高温高压腐蚀性能

利用高温高压釜,通过失重法、SEM、XRD以及电子探针微观结构分析等方法,对16Mn钢在3种不同高温条件下以及1 MPa分压的饱和CO2环境介质中的腐蚀性能进行研究.结果表明,在60、90、120℃下,16Mn钢发生严重的CO2腐蚀,表现出高的腐蚀速率,且伴有不同程度的点蚀、条状腐蚀特征.随着温度的升高,腐蚀速率呈下降再上升的趋势,90℃时最小,各温度下表面都生成了Fe3C为主的腐蚀产物膜。研究发现,Cl-为点蚀的"激发剂",并且在点蚀坑内富集,导致局部Cl-浓度差不同,形成电偶腐蚀,促进点蚀发生;腐蚀过程显示CO2腐蚀的局部腐蚀特征是各种因素相互作用的结果.     

Hidden orbital order in the heavy fermion metal URu(2)Si(2)

When matter is cooled from high temperatures, collective instabilities develop among its constituent particles that lead to new kinds of order. An anomaly in the specific heat is a classic signature of this phenomenon. Usually the associated order is easily identified, but sometimes its nature remains elusive. The heavy fermion metal URu(2)Si(2) is one such example, where the order responsible for the sharp specific heat anomaly at T(0) = 17 K has remained unidentified despite more than seventeen years of effort. In URu(2)Si(2), the coexistence of large electron electron repulsion and antiferromagnetic fluctuations leads to an almost incompressible heavy electron fluid, where anisotropically paired quasiparticle states are energetically favoured. Here we develop a proposal for the nature of the hidden order in URu(2)Si(2). We show that incommensurate orbital antiferromagnetism, associated with circulating currents between the uranium ions, can account for the local fields and entropy loss observed at the 17 K transition. We make detailed predictions for the outcome of neutron scattering measurements based on this proposal, so that it can be tested experimentally.     

2-氯-3-氨基-4-甲基吡啶的高效液相色谱分析方法研究

本文报道了2-氯-3-氨基-4-甲基吡啶的液相色谱分析方法。选用PROOIGY—ODS(3)为固定相,甲醇-水(70：30)为流动相。样品的变异系数为2．81％,平均回收率为97．61％,标准偏差小于0．29,线性相关系数为0．9942。     

高精度单线态二硅炔的G2(MP2)结构分析

通过对二硅炔(Si2H2)单线态进行G2(MP2)结构分析，发现了一个连接平衡构型Ⅳ和Ⅱ的新过渡态，计算表明，双桥构型Ⅶ是最稳定的单线态构型，但次稳构型Ⅳ异构为Ⅶ要跨过64．75kJ／mol的较高势垒，因此Ⅶ和Ⅳ是参与化学反应的两种基本构型。     

TiN在高压下结构稳定性的研究

本实验利用金刚石压砧和同步辐射X衍射技术对TiN在高压下的行为进行了研究．通过实验获得的数据分析了TiN体积压缩曲线．结果表明：在0．45．4GPa的压力范围内,TiN样品的体积随着压强的增加曲线变化比较平滑,TiN没有发生相变．同时,通过三阶的Birch-Murnaghan状态方程,得出了TiN样品在相应的静水压下的体弹模量为B0=195＝4．6GPa,一阶导数B’0固定为4．     

Multiple liquid crystal phases of DNA at high concentrations

DNA packaging in vivo is very tight, with volume concentrations approaching 70% w/v in sperm heads, virus capsids and bacterial nucleoids. The packaging mechanisms adopted may be related to the natural tendency of semi-rigid polymers to form liquid crystalline phases in concentrated solutions. We find that DNA forms at least three distinct liquid crystalline phases at concentrations comparable to those in vivo, with phase transitions occurring over relatively narrow ranges of DNA concentration. A weakly birefringent, dynamic, 'precholesteric' mesophase with microscopic textures intermediate between those of a nematic and a true cholesteric phase forms at the lowest concentrations required for phase separation. At slightly higher DNA concentrations, a second mesophase forms which is a strongly birefringent, well-ordered cholesteric phase with a concentration-dependent pitch varying from 2 to 10 micron. At the highest DNA concentrations, a phase forms which is two-dimensionally ordered and resembles smectic phases of thermotropic liquid crystals observed with small molecules.     

高效液相色谱法在化妆品检测中的应用

化妆品中对人体皮肤有害物质的含量会影响个人的皮肤健康,常用的检测手段——高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。对HPLC在化妆品检测中的应用进行了概述,对该方法的优缺点进行了总结,为以后在化妆品检测的应用提供参考。     

高温高压旋风分离器的性能及其应用

以工业应用成熟的PV型高效旋风分离器为基础，从改善分离器的强度入手，对PV型分离器顶部及进气口等部位的结构进行改造，提出了一种拱顶、直切入口、升气管偏心的新型旋风分离器。介绍了新型分离器与PV型的冷模对比性能试验、分离效率与压降计算及其在粉煤灰熔聚流化床气化、聚丙烯聚合反应装置中的应用。结果表明，新型分离器结构强度和分离性能优良，适合在高温、高压工况下应用。     

高温高压旋风分离器的性能及其应用

以工业应用成熟的PV型高效旋风分离器为基础,从改善分离器的强度入手,对PV型分离器顶部及进气口等部位的结构进行改造,提出了一种拱顶、直切入口、升气管偏心的新型旋风分离器.介绍了新型分离器与PV型的冷模对比性能试验、分离效率与压降计算及其在粉煤灰熔聚流化床气化、聚丙烯聚合反应装置中的应用.结果表明,新型分离器结构强度和分离性能优良,适合在高温、高压工况下应用.     

液-液相转移催化法合成5-邻氯苯基-2-呋喃甲酸芳酯

在液－液相转移催化条件下，合成了１５个５－邻氯苯基－２－呋喃甲酸芳酯，并通过红外光谱和元素分析确定了其结构     

高温高压下异丙醇-水汽液平衡的计算

为提高高温高压条件下异丙醇-水汽液平衡计算精度,汽相采用PRSV方程,液相采用NRTL方程,对方程参数进行拟合.经数据拟合得到异丙醇和水PRSV方程的特性Kappa值为0.238和-0.064 1,二元相互作用参数k12和k21分别为-0.072 4和-0.151 8.以Kelvin为单位时,5参数NRTL方程参数A12、B12、A21、B21和α分别为-1.6664、800.692、1.052 43、515.751和0.511 9.按以上方程及参数,可以准确计算常压到2.0 MPa或82℃到200℃异丙醇.水体系相平衡.     

超高压处理对橙汁中过氧化物酶活性的影响

为了推进超高压钝酶技术的工业化进程,以橙汁中的过氧化物酶(POD)为研究对象,通过实验对影响超高压钝酶效果的处理条件(压力、保压时间、pH、温度)进行了考察与评价.在处理温度为室温、保压时间分别为5和20min的条件下,200MPa以下压力范围内POD被激活,其活性随压力的增加出现上升趋势,当压力大于200MPa,随着处理压力增加酶活性下降;压力较高时(500MPa)酶的活性随着保压时间的增加而降低,而在较低的压力(200MPa),其活性随着保压时间的增加而升高;酶活性随pH的增大先上升后下降;随着温度的上升,酶活性降低.实验结果表明,压力、保压时间、pH值、温度是影响超高压钝酶效果的重要因素.     

Collapse of long-range charge order tracked by time-resolved photoemission at high momenta

Intense femtosecond (10(-15)?s) light pulses can be used to transform electronic, magnetic and structural order in condensed-matter systems on timescales of electronic and atomic motion. This technique is particularly useful in the study and in the control of materials whose physical properties are governed by the interactions between multiple degrees of freedom. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is in this context a direct and comprehensive, energy- and momentum-selective probe of the ultrafast processes that couple to the electronic degrees of freedom. Previously, the capability of such studies to access electron momentum space away from zero momentum was, however, restricted owing to limitations of the available probing photon energy. Here, using femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses delivered by a high-harmonic-generation source, we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure the photoinduced vaporization of a charge-ordered state in the potential excitonic insulator 1T-TiSe(2 )(refs 12, 13). By way of stroboscopic imaging of electronic band dispersions at large momentum, in the vicinity of the edge of the first Brillouin zone, we reveal that the collapse of atomic-scale periodic long-range order happens on a timescale as short as 20?femtoseconds. The surprisingly fast response of the system is assigned to screening by the transient generation of free charge carriers. Similar screening scenarios are likely to be relevant in other photoinduced solid-state transitions and may generally determine the response times. Moreover, as electron states with large momenta govern fundamental electronic properties in condensed matter systems, we anticipate that the experimental advance represented by the present study will be useful to study the ultrafast dynamics and microscopic mechanisms of electronic phenomena in a wide range of materials.     

三维模拟高温高静水压下矿物颗粒边界应力分布

为探讨矿物颗粒边界应力分布规律,采用有限元程序ANSYS三维模拟、计算高温(800℃)、高静水压(1.6GPa)下,立方体结构的镁橄榄石和透辉石矿物集合体在加压瞬间各向同性完全弹性变形时的应力场。通过改变矿物颗粒边界层组成物质的弹性模量与泊松比,进一步计算、分析边界层的等效应力和组分矿物的体积模量系数。研究结果表明:两矿物颗粒边界具有应力集中现象,边界层内部应力分布不均,颗粒边界层的等效应力等值线随着颗粒边界组成物质的弹性模量的微小改变而变化明显;2种不同矿物颗粒构成的过渡边界层的等效应力与其组分矿物的体积模量系数呈高斯函数关系;矿物颗粒边界层的等效应力与其组成物质的弹性模量之间具有高斯分布规律。     

高压下CaSiO3钙钛矿的从头算研究

利用考虑声子效应的准谐近似Debye模型势结合基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法,研究了高温高压下CaSiO3钙钛矿的热力学性质.在常温常压下CaSiO3钙钛矿的状态方程与实验结果吻合得很好.获得了压强上升到150GPa,温度上升到2000K时CaSiO3钙钛矿的热力学参量体积模量、热膨胀和热容与温度和压强的关系.     

液—液相转移催化法合成5—邻氯苯基—2—呋喃甲酰芳胺

在液－液相转移催化条件下，合成了１７个５－邻氯苯基－２－呋喃甲酰芳胺，通过红外光谱和元素分析确定了其结构