论同科电子形成光谱项的推求

本文提出了推求同科电子体系在L—S耦合中确定光谱项的删除定则，并说明推求删除定则的步骤，且计算了四个同科电子所形成的光谱项．     

确定三个同科电子光谱项的简便方法

本文给出了l可为任意值的三个同科电子构成光谱项的简便方法.该方法根据三个m_1的各种组合,算出M_L=sum from n=1 to B(m_l_i),再根据正值的各M_L所出现的次数,便能方便、准确地确定三个同科电子的光谱项了.     

求同科电子光谱项的逐步移动法

在一个原子中n和相l同的电子叫同科电子,或叫等价(等效)电子.同科电子的电子组态用通式l~N表示.原子态又叫做光谱项.由于泡利原理的限制,使求同科电子的光谱项很麻烦.按现在的教科书,求p~2电子组态的光谱项要列表15行,再从这表上杂乱无章的M_L、M_s的数据中凑出各种L、S.对于f~7要列表3432行,再从成千上万个数据整理出头绪,真是令人望而生畏!人们提出过一些改进的方法,本文也提出一种供参考.本法由逐步移动电子自然得出表格,行数也较少.对于d~5由252行变为30行,对于f~7则由3432行变为213行.而且由M_L、M_s得出光谱项也简单.     

用删除定则推求同科电子形成的光谱项

该文提出了推求同科电子体系在L-S耦合中确定光谱项的删除定则，并说明推求删除定则的步骤，且计算了5个同科电子所形成的光谱项．     

确定原子光谱项的简易方法

本文给出了两种确定原子光谱项的简易方法,其一是从两个非同科电子的光谱项出发,选取两个同科电子光谱项的法则,并对其依据给予量子力学的证明;其二是从电子组态直接推求原子基态光谱项的公式。     

元素周期表中各原子基态光谱项的推算

元素周期表中有许多元素,其各原子基态的光谱项是如何求得的呢?本文通过举例和列表,从两方面来研究原子基态光谱项的推求方法。一是对于非同科电子的组态,可直接由LS耦合方式求得;二是对于由同科电子构成的组态,却采用投影合成的方法求之。     

同科电子光谱项的确定方法

<正> 1.引言 原子光谱项的确定方法已有报导,给物理、化学教学带来了方便,激发态光谱项的确定教学上仍采用电子排布法、图解法,汲函数法,且着重于L-S耦合,J-J耦合讨论甚少。本文从教学角度给出具有两个同科电子的L-S耦,J-J耦合下光谱项确定方法。     

关于原子基态光谱项的确定

原子的基态光谱项是由原子外层电子的组态的耦合决定的，在L—S耦合时，对多电子体系，原子基态光谱项的确定分两种情况，一是同科电子的组态，二是非同科电子的组态，由于受泡利不相容原理的限制，两种组态基态光谱项的确定方法不同．笔者介绍了相应的L—S耦合法和投影合成法．     

应用“Maple”数学软件来推求非等效组态的光谱项

等效组态和非等效组态原子光谱项的推求方法是量子化学、结构化学和原子物理学研究的重要内容. 谱项的推求对于研究原子的结构和光谱是必不可少的. 受泡利原理的限制,含有多个同科电子的等效组态的光谱项的推求一直是研究的难点. 然而,对于由多个等效组态组合而成的非等效组态的光谱项的推求,人工方法推求困难会更大. 本文根据非等效组态在L-S耦合下量子数取值的组合特点,给出了非等效组态总轨道磁量子数为ML时出现次数的计算公式,提出了一种应用“Maple”数学软件来推求非等效组态光谱项的新方法. 其算法简明、快速、准确.     

电子组态LS耦合光谱项的推导方法

本文提出了一种推导电子组态LS耦合光谱项的状态组合模型方法。这种方法物理意义简明、清晰。它与Russell-Saunders方法相比,更易于计算机处理,故特别适用于多个同科电子的复杂情况。按这种方法编写程序在计算机上运行所得的结果,与前人给出的相一致。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that