冻结红层软岩的蠕变特性研究

为研究第三系红层软岩在低温下的蠕变特性,对冻结红层进行单轴蠕变试验,试验结果表明,在应力水平较低时,软岩只存在衰减蠕变,随着应力水平的增大,当超过流变长期强度时,出现了非稳定蠕变;同时,随着温度的降低,软岩的瞬时应变量和蠕变量都会明显减少,而长期强度则有较大幅度的增长,说明温度对软岩及冻结壁的流变性质影响十分显著。引入与时间和应力相关的非线性黏滞系数和时间开关函数,对西原模型进行改进,得到了可以描述加速蠕变的非线性流变本构模型,通过试验数据对冻结红层软岩的参数进行了辨识。将流变模型嵌入到abaqus有限元程序,并对井筒开挖进行数值模拟,获得冻结壁最大位移与时间曲线,通过与实测值进行比较,两者较为吻合。可见,建立的流变模型能够很好的描述冻结红层软岩的蠕变规律。     

高应力软岩流变特性及预应力锚固技术分析

随着中国煤矿开采深度的不断增加,高应力软岩巷道支护已成为制约煤矿安全生产的主要瓶颈.依据软岩三轴压缩的分级加载蠕变试验曲线的规律与时效特征,建立了高应力下泥质粉砂岩Burgers粘弹性流变模型,并依据粘弹塑性力学的基本理论,推导了该模型的一维蠕变本构方程,进而借助非线性回归分析辨识了模型参数.采用FLAC3D软件数值模拟预应力锚杆与锚索预紧力对高应力软岩巷道蠕变的影响,仿真结果表明,随着锚杆与锚索预紧力的提高,巷道围岩的位移量逐渐减小,锚杆预紧力大于100 kN且锚索预紧力大于900 kN较为合理.     

软岩非定常分数阶导数流变模型研究

岩石流变特性的研究对边坡、隧道、核废料存储等工程具有十分重要的意义.本文基于分数阶导数理论,针对软岩稳态蠕变阶段具有明显的非线性特征,将应力水平对岩石非线性蠕变特性的影响引入Abel黏壶的本构关系中,提出了一种改进的Abel黏壶,建立了一个新的非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型,并推导了在恒应力状态下三维蠕变本构方程.论文进一步利用软岩流变试验数据对模型参数进行了拟合分析,模型能够较好的模拟软岩流变的全过程,验证了本文模型的正确性与合理性.     

基于广义Kelvin模型的非定常盐岩蠕变模型

针对川东北油气田盐岩地层普遍出现的套损现象,对该地层段盐岩的蠕变特性进行研究。用非定常黏壶元件替换广义Kelvin模型中的线性黏壶元件,建立非定常广义Kelvin模型;将其与能够描述盐岩稳态蠕变特征的Heard模型进行串联,构建新的四元件NGKH盐岩非线性蠕变本构模型,可以描述盐岩的衰减蠕变阶段和稳态蠕变阶段特征。基于室内三轴蠕变试验结果,利用Levenberg-Marquardt算法对NGKH模型蠕变参数进行识别。基于FLAC~(3D)的UDM接口程序,采用C++编程语言对其进行二次开发;并通过三轴蠕变试验的数值模拟对开发NGKH模型进行验证。研究结果表明:NGKH模型的拟合结果与室内试验结果吻合良好,该蠕变模型能够准确描述盐岩的非线性蠕变特性;通过黏弹性与非线性计算结果,验证了开发NGKH模型程序的正确性和合理性。     

砂土速率相关黏性特性的有限元分析

根据复杂加载条件下饱和砂土排水平面应变压缩试验,分析了砂土的速率相关的黏性特性.试验发现砂土存在显著的加载速率效应、蠕变变形和应力松弛,并且在应变速率突变、蠕变或应力松弛之后,以新的应变速率重新加载时呈现出高刚度行为.针对砂土的变形强度特性提出了一种非线性有限元计算方法,砂土本构关系采用了三要素弹黏塑性本构模型.将有限元计算结果与试验结果进行比较,表明建议的有限元计算方法不仅可以较为精确地模拟砂土的平均应力-应变关系,同时也可以模拟包含变应变速率加载、蠕变加载、应力松弛加载的全过程黏塑特性.     

软土蠕变特性室内试验研究

为了研究杭甬高速铁路所经过地区的软黏土蠕变特性,利用改进的三轴蠕变仪,进行不同围压下三轴固结不排水蠕变试验.试验结果表明:该海相软土具有显著的非线性蠕变特性,偏应力水平越高,非线性程度越大;不同围压下软土的屈服应力不同,当应力水平低于屈服应力时,软黏土蠕变特性表现为线性黏弹性;当应力水平高于屈服应力时,软黏土的蠕变性状表现出显著的非线性黏塑性.故该软黏土的蠕变同时具有弹性、黏弹性及黏塑性特征,可将所研究的软黏土视为弹-黏弹-黏塑性体.     

冻土蠕变模型在ABAQUS中的二次开发

为了使广义西原模型可以描述冻土的各个变形阶段,用非线性牛顿体替代线性牛顿体进行改进,采用类比的方法将冻土单轴应力状态下的本构方程推广到三维状态;在ABAQUS中利用二次开发平台,编写了改进广义西原模型的UMAT子程序,并在单轴、三轴蠕变条件下进行检验。单轴蠕变的数值解与解析解计算结果十分吻合,两淮地区深部冻结粘土三轴蠕变试验模拟值与实验值相符。表明改进的广义西原模型可以很好地描述冻土蠕变变形特征,包括加速蠕变阶段,UMAT子程序可以用于冻结法施工工程数值模拟。     

软弱路基土体三轴蠕变试验及蠕变模型研究

采用相同面积置换率的微小砂桩模拟地基处理效果,对地基处理后路基土进行三轴蠕变试验。依据路基土三轴蠕变试验,提出一个基于双曲线函数核的黏塑性元件模型,描述路基土的非线性黏塑性蠕变特征。与Burges元件模型串联建立非线性黏弹塑性蠕变本构模型,将模型扩展到三维状态并确定模型参数。研究结果表明:应力水平是影响地基土蠕变变形的主要因素,应力水平S=0.6为路基土体线性黏弹性蠕变和非线性黏弹塑性蠕变的临界值,当S<0.6时,路基土体土表现出线性黏弹性蠕变特征;当S>0.6时,表现出非线性黏弹塑性蠕变特征。     

基于颗粒流程序的非定常西原体模型

为实现岩石试样蠕变全过程的准确模拟,并从细观角度探究蠕变过程中微裂隙的发生和发展规律,在二维颗粒流程序(PFC2D)中开发出具有黏弹塑性特征的西原体流变接触本构模型,进一步提出包含两种非定常元件的非定常西原体模型,推导了模型本构关系和蠕变方程.在PFC2D中调用自定义西原体流变模型,通过参数调试,获得与真实试样具有相同强度特性的数值试样.以室内单轴压缩蠕变试验数据为基础,在Matlab中对模型非定常参数进行拟合反演分析.在此基础上,进行单轴压缩蠕变试验的模拟,计算过程中分别采用定常和非定常两种模型,并对微裂隙进行监测.对比分析结果表明:定常模型仅适用于衰减和稳定蠕变阶段;非定常模型也可用于描述加速蠕变阶段,从而准确模拟蠕变全过程;加速蠕变阶段主要是由微裂隙的加速发展而产生,加速蠕变将导致试样剪切破坏.     

一种实用的土体统一弹塑-黏塑性本构模型

针对以往本构模型或过于简单而不能全面描述土体的性质,或过于复杂而不便于应用的问题,以非线性弹性、弹塑性、艳正曼辛准则及singh-Mitchell蠕变模型为基础,并将曼辛准则扩展至三维,建立了一种简单实用而又能同时合理地考虑土体非线性、动力滞回和流变特性的统一弹塑一黏塑性本构模型.通过试验模拟,验证了该模型的合理有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of