生物转盘处理污水试验研究

采用生物转盘反应器为研究对象,对有机物降解和脱氮进行试验研究.试验结果表明,在进水有机物平均盘片负荷分别为400～800 mg/L条件下进行试验,有机物去除率分别为98.5 %、97.2%、95.3%、94.2%和92.1%.在水力负荷分别为78.60、53.30和32.15 L/( m2·d)条件下,对有机物的去除率分别为87.68%、86.35%、89.2%和94.51 %.由此可见,好氧生物转盘对有机负荷及水力负荷变化具有良好的适应能力.在C/N=5时,总氮去除率达87%以上;而在C/N=1.5时,总氮去除率不到50%.由此可见,要实现良好的脱氮效果必须控制C/N比,至少3～5.     

分段进水对生物转盘厌氧氨氧化性能影响研究

在厌氧生物转盘反应器中研究了分段进水对厌氧氨氧化系统脱氮性能的影响。当采用单点进水时,进水亚硝酸盐氮浓度升高至300mg/L时,出水氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率同时降低到70%左右,表明了较高的亚硝酸盐氮对厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制作用。当采用分段进水时,生物转盘的面积去除负荷由11.5提高到17g N/(m2d),系统脱氮能力提高了47.8%;对沿程盘片上生物膜厚度测定结果表明,生物量增加是系统脱氮能力提高的主要原因。     

折流式内循环新型生物膜反应器的脱氮动力学

为了探求城市地表水新型的处理工艺及效果,以一种新型的陶瓷载体水泵驱动折流式内循环生物膜反应器处理由自来水、葡萄糖、氯化铵、磷酸二氢钾按一定比例配制成的溶液,以模拟城市地表水.在碳氮比（C/N）分别为10,20,30和40情况下,对其进行脱氮试验,并进行动力学分析.研究发现：该反应器可实现同步硝化和反硝化;氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）和总氮（TN）的去除过程都可以用Monod模型进行描述;当C/N为10~40范围,水温为28℃左右时,随着C/N比的增加,反应器对NH₄⁺-N和TN的去除速率都得到提高;在相同C/N条件下,NH₄⁺-N的去除速率远高于TN的去除速率.     

生物过滤处理微污染水机理分析

利用生物过滤处理微污染原水,分析了生物膜特性和生物相,对生物膜去除有机物、氨氮、铁、锰等的机理和生物膜净化作用特征进行研究.微污染原水中的氨氮和有机物是通过吸附、吸收、代谢、排出而得到去除的,其去除率分别为88%和30%,对铁的去除主要是接触氧化和生物的共同作用的结果,其去除率可达到94%以上,对锰的去除主要是依靠锰氧化细菌的催化作用,其去除率在90%以上.     

网状生物转盘和活性污泥复合工艺脱氮影响因素的研究

为了提高高浓度污水处理效果,采用了生物膜和活性污泥法组合工艺,考察了p H、水力停留时间(HRT)、污泥回流比和生物转盘转速对组合工艺处理污水的影响。结果表明:进水p H范围在7~9,NH3-N去除率去除在80%以上,TN的去除效率在67%;水力停留时间(HRT)在10 h既可充分进行硝化反应,脱氮效果较好,设备运行效率较高;污泥回流比为75%时,NH3-N的去除率平均值为88.2%,TN的去除率平均值为85.7%,实际运行中,污泥回流比根据实际情况进行调整,生物转盘转速控制在4 r/min。     

水力负荷和C/N比对玉米芯固体碳源SND处理低碳城市污水的影响

采用玉米芯填料固体碳源生物膜反应器,应用同步硝化反硝化(SND)技术处理低碳氮比城市污水,考察不同水力负荷和C/N比对系统脱氮效果的影响,并对玉米芯挂膜前后表面形态进行分析.结果表明,在水力负荷为0.045 m3·m-2·h-1时,NH+4-N和TN平均去除率分别为92.16%和91.18%;当进水C/N比控制在0~12时,出水CODCr浓度均在50 mg·L-1以下,TN平均去除率在79.63%以上,脱氮效果随进水C/N比的增加而提升;通过电镜扫描表明玉米芯是一种较好的固体碳源生物膜反应器填料,适合低碳氮比城市污水的脱氮处理.     

溶解氧对多段式生物接触氧化法脱氮除磷的影响

以碳氮比(C/N)为2.7左右的实际生活污水为处理对象,通过调整系统曝气量,研究了溶解氧对多段式生物接触氧化法脱氮除磷系统运行性能的影响。结果表明,设定的5组溶解氧条件下,处理效果与前、后段溶解氧浓度差异有关。当前段溶解氧为3～4 mg·L~(-1),后段溶解氧为4～5 mg·L~(-1)时,化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)的去除率90%、81%,满足GB 18918—2002污水排放一级A标准,装置污泥量很少,没有剩余污泥排放总磷(total phosphorus,TP)去除效果稍差。通过对装置生物多样性和生物膜质量的分析,表明溶解氧浓度的差异性变化,为生物膜上微生物同步硝化反硝化创造了条件。     

回流比对前置反硝化生物滤池的影响

前置反硝化生物滤池具有良好的脱氮性能,回流比是影响其脱氮性能的重要影响因素.调节回流比参数,考察回流比分别为100%、200%、300%时的工艺参数条件下,前置反硝化生物滤池对COD、NH3—N、NO3-—N、TN的去除效果.试验表明回流比对反应器中COD、NH3—N、NO3-—N、TN均有一定的影响,对TN的去除影响最大.在一定的范围内(100%~200%),增加回流比有助于提高系统对污染物的去除,但当回流比过大时(300%),系统出水水质下降.确定最佳回流比为200%,该工况下系统出水COD、NH3—N、TN平均质量浓度分别为28.45、2.27、12.45 mg/L.     

不同C/N对活性炭颗粒填料厌氧同步消化反硝化的影响

构建以粒径3~6 mm活性炭颗粒为填料的厌氧污水处理系统,厌氧消化菌和反硝化菌在活性炭颗粒表面附着成膜,考察不同C/N对厌氧同步消化反硝化的影响。以葡萄糖为有机碳源,进水中葡萄糖质量浓度分别为300 mg·L^-1和400 mg·L^-1时,较高C/N对NO^-₃-N去除有利,最高去除率为95.21 %;较低C/N对COD和NH⁺₄-N的去除有利,最高去除率分别达到96.00 %和42.43 %以上。研究表明,以活性炭颗粒为填料的厌氧高效处理废水技术是可行的,不同C/N对厌氧同步消化反硝化处理含氮和有机物废水具有较明显的影响。     

新型生物转盘处理废污水实验设备的研制

随着我国城镇化速度的加快,农村和小城镇的水污染问题也日趋严重,亟待解决,而生物转盘技术在污水处理行业尤其是新农村、小城镇污水处理方面将起到重要作用,具有非常广阔的应用前景。为了将先进的生产工艺转化为教学、科研设备,以便更好地为生产发展提供理论依据和技术支撑,研发了一套表面附着性能好,挂膜容易,处理效果好,运行稳定可靠的新型生物转盘废污水处理设备。本设计分别采用PVC、石英砂、活性炭纤维三种材质加工制作的盘片组成单轴三级生物转盘,实现通过PLC控制的多种组合方案交替运行。该技术是一项集水污染控制、环境保护、节约水资源的绿色环保技术,具有一定的创新性,符合可持续发展理念。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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