乙型肝为病毒（HBV）DNA免疫的初步研究

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增了编码ＨＢＶｓＡｇ的基因序列,将其插入到ｐｃＤＮＡ３载体中,位于人巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）早期启动子下游,重组质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｓＡｇ转染细胞后检测到ＨＢｓＡｇ表达,用纯化后的重组质粒直接注射用ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨骼细内,诱发实验小鼠产生了抗ＨＢｓＡｇ特异性抗体,ＰＣＲ扩增未检测到注射部位及肝脏细胞染色体中有外源ＨＢＶＤＮＡ整合。     

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA免疫的初步研究

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增了编码ＨＢＶｓＡｇ的基因序列,将其插入到ｐｃＤＮＡ３载体中,位于人巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）早期启动子下游．重组质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｓＡｇ转染细胞后检测到ＨＢｓＡｇ表达．用纯化后的重组质粒直接注射到ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨骼肌内,诱发实验小鼠产生了抗ＨＢｓＡｇ特异性抗体．ＰＣＲ扩增未检测到注射部位及肝脏细胞染色体中有外源ＨＢＶＤＮＡ整合     

不同因素HCV结构区基因重组诱发小鼠产生抗体的影响

目的：寻求ＨＣＶ基因免疫的最佳动物实验方法,探讨不同处理因素对基因重组体ｐＣＤ－ＨＣＶ１诱发小鼠产生抗体的影响。方法：用分子生物学技术构建丙型肝炎病毒基因重组体ｐＣＤ－ＨＣＶ１,采用不同免疫次数、途径、剂量和不同处理方法免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠。结果：重组体ｐＣＤ－ＨＣＶ１经肌肉１、２、３和４次免疫小鼠后（１００μｇ／只,ｎ＝１２）,抗体水平分别为０．１８３±０．００６、０．４２８±０．０５、０．７０     

斜纹夜蛾NPV多角体基因的克隆和部分测序

本文对ＳＩＮＰＶ基因组作了酶解分析，测得其基因组大小为１４５ｋｂ，并用双酶法确定了ＳＩＮＰＶ基因组的ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＰｓｔⅠ物理图谱。以含ＡｃＮＰＶ多角体基因的质粒ｐＡＣ－Ⅰ的ＳａｌＩ－Ｃ片段为探针，对ＳＩＮＰＶＤＮＡ酶切片段ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ转印杂交结果，初步判断多角体基因定位于ＰｓｔＩ－Ｂ／Ｃ／Ｄ片段、ＢｇｌⅡ－Ｃ／Ｄ片段、ＢａｍＨＩ－Ｂ／Ｃ片段和ＥｃｏＲＩ－Ａ／Ｂ片段上，且ＳＩＮＰＶ与ＡｃＮＰＶ多角体蛋白基因有６４％的同源性，而以大肠仟菌质粒ｐＵＣ１９为载体对ＳＩＮＰＶ的多角体基因试克隆，得到带有ＢｇｌⅡ－ＰｓｔⅠ双酶切片段的２个克隆子。对这两个杂交阳性克隆子之一的核苷酸序列测定，表明插入片段与ＢｍＮＰＶ多角体基因上游序列亦有一定同源性。     

Bc1-2 基因加强表达对 OA 诱发的细胞编程死亡的效应

ＯＡ能诱发人神经母细胞瘤ＳＫ细胞进行编程死亡．死亡细胞缩小变圆，细胞质凝聚，ＤＮＡ有控降解成约２００ｂｐ左右的片段，且这一过程可由蛋白质合成抑制剂亚胺环己酮（ＣＨＸ）抑制．将编码Ｂｃ１－２全长蛋白质的ｃＤＮＡ植入ｐＸＪ４１ｎｅｏ载体中，使其表达由ＨＣＭＶ病毒启动子控制．形成的顺义（ｐＢｃｌ－２－Ｓ）及反义（ｐＢｃｌ－２－ＡＳ）表达质粒经转染导入ＳＫ细胞中获得稳定转染子，Ｗｅｓｔ－ｅｒｎ印迹表明顺义转染子表达较大量的２６ｋｄＢｃ１－２蛋白，而反义转染子则不表达．增强表达的Ｂｃ１－２基因产物对ＯＡ引ＳＫ细胞编程死亡无抑制效应．     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒新疆分离物外壳蛋白基因的原核表达载体和植物表达载体的构建

将克隆入ｐＧＥＭ７ｚｆ（＋）的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）新疆分离物外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ的ｐＧＥＢ３，用ＸｂａＩ切下，Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ补平，再用ＢａｍＨＩ切下ｃＤＮＡ片段。用ＮｄｅＩ切开原核表达载体ｐＪＷ２，用Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ补平，再用ＢａｍＨＩ切去小片段。将该ｃＤＮＡ与ｐＪＷ２大片段用Ｔ４连接酶连接，构建了ＢＮＹＶＶＣＰ基因的表达载体ｐＪＷＢ４，转化到大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α。经培养和高温诱导，ｐＪＷＢ４成功地表达出了ＢＮＹＶＶ的外壳蛋白。将ｐＧＥＢ３和ｐＢＩ１２１用Ｘｂａｌ和ＢａｍＨＩ酶切Ｔ４连接酶连接，构建了ＢＹＶＶＣＰ基因的植物表达载体，转化到ＤＨ５α，筛选出正向连结的阳性克隆ｐＢＩＢ３，转化入农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４（ｐＡＬ４４０４），经用ＰＣＲ扩增和γ３２Ｐ标记的探针杂交约证实为阳性克隆。往甜菜植株中转化工作正在进行中。     

HIV-1和HBV复合型DNA免疫的初步研究

近年的研究表明,在啮齿类和非人灵长类免疫带有编码病毒和细菌抗原基因的质粒ＤＮＡ可以激发体液和细胞免疫应答．在本实验中,将ＨＢＶ的Ｓ基因和ＨＩＶ－１的ｇｐ１６０基因以融合形式插入到载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３中,其能表达ＨＢｓＡｇ和ｇｐ１６０的融合蛋白,并将此质粒ＤＮＡ分别直接注射到Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠和Ｓｗｉｓ小鼠．三次免疫后,用ＥＬＩＳＡ的方法初步检测ＨＢｓＡｇ和ｇｐ１６０抗原特异的抗体免疫应答均为阳性．结果说明,带有ＨＢＶ和ＨＩＶ－１融合基因的质粒ＤＮＡ直接免疫小鼠后,均激发了小鼠产生相应的免疫应答反应,这个结果为研究和生产多价疫苗提供了新的思路     

小鼠B7—1cDNA克隆,测序,表达及其抗瘤效应的初步探讨

用反转录ＰＣＲ的方法,从ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠脾细胞中扩增出Ｂ７－１ｃＤＮＡ后,插入ｐｃＤＮＡ３质粒中构建成小鼠Ｂ７－１ｃＤＮＡ的真核表达载体ｐＣＤ－ｍＢ７．１,经酶切鉴定和序列分析证实此表达载体中插入的Ｂ７－１ｃＤＮＡ的序列与献报道一致。     

人胰岛素原乳腺表达载体的构建

通过ＰＣＲ方法扩增了人胰岛素（ＨＩ）基因１．３４ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段并克隆于ｐＵＣ１８的ＳｍａⅠ位点内。经ＤＮＡ序列分析表明，该片段为ＨＩ基因的氨基酸编码区及３＇端调控区序列。同时，应用ＰＣＲ方法对牛α－乳白蛋白（ＢαＬＡ）基因进行了扩增，得到了０．８４ｋｂＤＮＡ扩增片段。将其克隆于去除了ＥｃｏＲＩ位点的ｐＵＣ１８ＳｍａＩ位点内，经内切酶分析和ＤＮＡ测序证明该片段是ＢαＬＡ基因５＇调控区序列。ＥｃｏＲ     

Bcl—2基因加强表达对OA诱发的细胞编程死亡的效应

ＯＡ能诱发人神经母细胞瘤ＳＫ细胞编程互亡，死亡细胞缩小为圆，细胞质凝聚，ＤＮＡ有控降解成约２００ｂｐ左右的片段，且这一过程可由蛋白南合成抑制剂环己酮抑制将编码Ｂｃｌ－２全长蛋白质的ｃＤＮＡ植入ｐＸＪ４ｌｎｅｏ载体中，使其表达由ＨＣＭＶ病毒启动子控制。     

分支DNA探针法检测21例丙型肝炎血清病毒RNA

目前主要依赖检测丙型肝炎抗体来确定对丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染的诊断,但它不能反应机体是否有活动的病毒血症。分支DNA探针法应用合成的DNA分子与靶HCV—RNA特异性的杂交,形成RNA—DNA杂交体,用dioxetane作为底物与化学发光物结合,通过测定其发光强度可直接检测血清HCV—RNA的含量。本文测定21例慢性活动性丙型肝炎血清。HCV—RNA最低值为0.66Meg/ml;最高值为58Meg/ml,21例中86％的数值分布在0.66Meg/m-12Meg/ml的范围内。此方法cutoff值为0.5Meg//ml。我们所测定的21例均高于cutoff值。此方法操作简便,特异性强。为临床丙型肝炎治疗的监测及疗效的判断提供了重要的依据。     

HCV多表位抗原基因的表达及其在小鼠中诱导的抗体应答研究

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是引起病毒性非甲非乙肝炎的主要病原．全世界约有1．7亿HCV的感染者,我国估计占4000万以上．发展有效的丙型肝炎疫苗刻不容缓．构建了3段串联重复的丙型肝炎病毒多表位抗原基因3如,将其克隆到His融合表达载体pET-28b( )上后在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中得到了高效表达．3PCX经Ni^2 -NTA—agarose柱纯化后免疫BALB／c小鼠,诱发了高水平的抗体免疫应答．     

A genetically humanized mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major medical problem. Antiviral treatment is only partially effective and a vaccine does not exist. Development of more effective therapies has been hampered by the lack of a suitable small animal model. Although xenotransplantation of immunodeficient mice with human hepatocytes has shown promise, these models are subject to important challenges. Building on the previous observation that CD81 and occludin comprise the minimal human factors required to render mouse cells permissive to HCV entry in vitro, we attempted murine humanization via a genetic approach. Here we show that expression of two human genes is sufficient to allow HCV infection of fully immunocompetent inbred mice. We establish a precedent for applying mouse genetics to dissect viral entry and validate the role of scavenger receptor type B class I for HCV uptake. We demonstrate that HCV can be blocked by passive immunization, as well as showing that a recombinant vaccinia virus vector induces humoral immunity and confers partial protection against heterologous challenge. This system recapitulates a portion of the HCV life cycle in an immunocompetent rodent for the first time, opening opportunities for studying viral pathogenesis and immunity and comprising an effective platform for testing HCV entry inhibitors in vivo.     

乙肝病毒核酸疫苗诱导小鼠细胞免疫应答的研究

研究利用核酸疫苗诱生乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)表面抗原 (S)细胞免疫应答的作用 .免疫前于BALB/C小鼠股四头肌注射 75 %盐酸布比卡因 ,三天后同样部位注射包含HBsAg基因片段的重组质粒pcDNAHBs .采用3H -TdR掺入法测定免疫小鼠脾细胞增殖能力 ;XTT法测定其脾细胞分泌IL 2活性 .结果表明注射乙肝核酸疫苗可以使小鼠脾细胞增殖 ,小鼠脾细胞分泌上清中可检测到IL - 2活性     

GAGE-1 DNA肿瘤疫苗的构建及其抗肿瘤治疗效果的试验研究

目的 观察G antigen 1 (GAGE-1)核酸疫苗pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1免疫小鼠后,对表达GAGE-1抗原的B-16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞的保护作用.方法 将C57 BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,与0、2、4周分别接种pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1（实验组1）、pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1/白介素2（实验组2）、pcDNA3.1＋（对照组1）,pcDNA3.1＋/白介素2（对照组2）各三次.末次免疫后10d小鼠用于肿瘤细胞攻击试验：分别于左背部、右背部皮下种植B16肿瘤细胞、B16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞.种植肿瘤细胞（荷瘤）后观察成瘤时间、肿瘤大小和荷瘤后小鼠的生存时间及生存率. 结果： pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2质粒免疫的小鼠在种植B16/GAGE-1、B16/pcDNA3.1+后,发现小鼠成瘤时间明显延迟,成瘤减小,生存期明显延长.结论:pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2 DNA 疫苗在体内能诱导出显著的GAGE-1特异性肿瘤免疫应答,且能抑制体内已经存在的少量肿瘤细胞的成瘤     

HIV-1C亚型DNA疫苗诱导小鼠免疫反应的研究

 构建含中国流行株HIV-1 C亚型核心蛋白gag基因的重组质粒pVAX-gag,并在体外进行了表达与鉴定.同时构建了含此gag基因的原核表达质粒pGEX-gag,表达纯化并鉴定重组蛋白Gag.以质粒pVAX-gag免疫Balb/C小鼠后,用ELISpot和流式细胞仪检测其细胞免疫反应.再以纯化后的重组蛋白Gag作为包被抗原,用ELISA检测其体液免疫反应.结果显示重组质粒pVAX-gag免疫小鼠后可有效地诱导机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,且免疫剂量和免疫效果存在一定的正相关性.重组原核表达质粒pGEX-gag的表达产物能与抗p24单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,可用于抗HIV抗体检测.     

HIV/HCV共感染患者念珠菌检出情况及相关研究

目的通过研究101例HIV/HCV共感染患者念珠菌检出情况,分析其可能的相关因素.方法采集101例HIV/HCV共感染患者口腔、皮肤、指甲标本,采用CHROMagar念珠菌显色培养基培养、45℃生长试验及API-20C-AUX鉴定系统鉴定到种,同时进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 101例HIV/HCV共感染患者中有44例(43.6%)检出念珠菌,所分离到的44株念珠菌中,有19株白念珠菌(43.2%),9株近平滑念珠菌(20.5%),8株季也蒙念珠菌(18.2%),1株为热带念珠菌(2.3%),1株克柔念珠菌(2.3%),5株涎沫假丝酵母菌(11.4%),1株产朊假丝酵母(2.3%).通过单因素和多因素分析发现:该人群念珠菌检出率的CD4计数、病毒载量比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01).结论 HIV/HCV共感染患者念珠菌主要菌种是白念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌和季也蒙念珠菌;检出率与CD4计数、病毒载量高度相关;检出率可能对HIV/HCV共感染患者判断临床预后有一定参考价值.     

Specific immune responses induced by a multi-epitope antigen of hepatitis C virus in mice and rabbits

Five highly conserved and immunogenic epitopes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been chosen to form a multi-epitope antigen gene and fused with β-galactosidase gene to express a hybrid GZ-PCX antigen, which could be specifically recognized by human HCV sera. High level of anti-GZ-PCX IgG has been induced when mice or rabbits were immunized with GZ-PCX antigen emulsificated with complete Freund’s adjuvant or mixed with killed attenuatedSalmonella typhimurium SL3261. The specific anti-GZ-PCX IgG reached a high titer of 10^-6, which remained for several months. Specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effects, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) and proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes have been induced by GZ-PCX antigen or synthetic peptides. High level of anti-GZ-PCX slgG has been detected in mice’s intestinal washing fluids, which indicates that the antigen induced mucosal immunity as well as systematic immunity. The studies show that the HCV multi-epitope antigen induces high level of specific immune responses without obvious toxicity, which might be able to provide protectivity to any HCV genotypes and isolates.     

Natural killer cells act as rheostats modulating antiviral T cells

Antiviral T cells are thought to regulate whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections result in viral control, asymptomatic persistence or severe disease, although the reasons for these different outcomes remain unclear. Recent genetic evidence, however, has indicated a correlation between certain natural killer (NK)-cell receptors and progression of both HIV and HCV infection, implying that NK cells have a role in these T-cell-associated diseases. Although direct NK-cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells may contribute to antiviral defence during some virus infections--especially murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infections in mice and perhaps HIV in humans--NK cells have also been suspected of having immunoregulatory functions. For instance, NK cells may indirectly regulate T-cell responses by lysing MCMV-infected antigen-presenting cells. In contrast to MCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice seems to be resistant to any direct antiviral effects of NK cells. Here we examine the roles of NK cells in regulating T-cell-dependent viral persistence and immunopathology in mice infected with LCMV, an established model for HIV and HCV infections in humans. We describe a three-way interaction, whereby activated NK cells cytolytically eliminate activated CD4 T cells that affect CD8 T-cell function and exhaustion. At high virus doses, NK cells prevented fatal pathology while enabling T-cell exhaustion and viral persistence, but at medium doses NK cells paradoxically facilitated lethal T-cell-mediated pathology. Thus, NK cells can act as rheostats, regulating CD4 T-cell-mediated support for the antiviral CD8 T cells that control viral pathogenesis and persistence.     

丙型肝炎病毒DNA免疫研究进展

DNA免疫是近年发展起来的一种新型免疫技术。由于其具有显的优越性,特别适用于具有高度变异性的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)疫苗的研制。对丙型肝炎病毒DNA免疫的研究证明,确可诱生较高水平的体液及细胞免疫应答。